Technological advancements can help increase micronutrient use efficiency to sustain crop production. Some methods discussed include fortified fertilizers, chelates, nanofertilizers, genetic manipulation, and precision agriculture using sensors. Research findings showed that foliar spray of boron and zinc increased yields of cauliflower and pumpkin compared to soil application alone. Zinc content in wheat grains also increased with combined soil and foliar zinc application compared to soil application or no zinc. Advancements can help address micronutrient deficiencies and improve crop nutrition and yields.
Site Specific nutrient Management for Precision Agriculture - Anjali Patel (I...Rahul Raj Tandon
Dr. V. N. Mishra is the course teacher and Anjali Patel is the speaker. The presentation discusses site specific nutrient management (SSNM), which aims to optimize nutrient supply according to differences in soil-plant systems for a particular crop in a given season. SSNM involves assessing indigenous nutrient supply from soil and crop residues, determining crop demand based on yield goals, and applying fertilizers based on those factors. Precision tools like GPS, GIS, remote sensing, and variable-rate technology help implement SSNM.
Balanced fertilizer use refers to application of essential plant nutrients in optimum quantities and in right proportional through appropriate method and time of application suited for a specific crop and agronomic situation.
Aims of Balanced Fertilization:
a) Increasing crop yield,
b) Improving quality of the produce ,
c) Increasing farm income,
d) Correction of inherent soil nutrient deficiencies and toxicities
e) Maintaining or improving lasting soil fertility,.
f) Reduces environmental hazards
1. The document discusses nutrient use efficiency and factors that affect it, such as leaching, gaseous losses, immobilization, and chemical reactions between fertilizer components.
2. It describes methods of increasing fertilizer use efficiency, including applying fertilizers at the right time and quantity, and using the proper fertilizer source and form for different crops to minimize fixation and maximize availability.
3. Integrated nutrient management is defined as maintaining soil fertility and nutrient supply through optimizing organic, inorganic, and biological components to provide balanced nutrition for crops while sustaining soil quality.
Nitrogen use efficiency is often low for crops, ranging from 30-50% due to nitrogen losses through mechanisms like ammonia volatilization, nitrate leaching, and denitrification. Methods to improve nitrogen use efficiency include proper fertilizer, soil, and crop management practices as well as modifying fertilizers. Slow release fertilizers, urease inhibitors, and nitrification inhibitors can be used to coat or add chemicals to fertilizers to reduce nitrogen losses and allow for more efficient nitrogen uptake by crops.
The document discusses micronutrient fertilizer use efficiency (MUE) and ways to improve it. It defines MUE and notes that applying micronutrients directly to soil is inefficient due to chemical reactions in soil. MUE of inorganic fertilizers ranges from 2.5-5%. Chelated fertilizers help improve MUE by protecting micronutrients from reactions. Foliar application provides quick response but cannot replace soil application. Coated or encapsulated fertilizers can control nutrient release. Proper application timing and methods like fertigation or banding can also increase MUE.
Integrated Nutrient Management and Balanced Fertilization by Bhanumahi (CCSH...MahanteshKamatyanatti
This document discusses integrated nutrient management and balanced fertilization. It defines balanced fertilization as applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients in proper proportions to meet crop demands and avoid nutrient deficiencies or inefficiencies. The key aspects of balanced fertilization are applying the right nutrient type and quantity using the right application method at the right time. This helps maximize crop yields, improve cost effectiveness, enhance crop quality, and maintain soil fertility while avoiding pollution. The document recommends fertilizer application based on soil testing, use of high-yielding varieties, correcting all nutrient deficiencies, and following the 4R nutrient stewardship concept of applying the right source at the right rate, right time, and right place.
Site Specific nutrient Management for Precision Agriculture - Anjali Patel (I...Rahul Raj Tandon
Dr. V. N. Mishra is the course teacher and Anjali Patel is the speaker. The presentation discusses site specific nutrient management (SSNM), which aims to optimize nutrient supply according to differences in soil-plant systems for a particular crop in a given season. SSNM involves assessing indigenous nutrient supply from soil and crop residues, determining crop demand based on yield goals, and applying fertilizers based on those factors. Precision tools like GPS, GIS, remote sensing, and variable-rate technology help implement SSNM.
Balanced fertilizer use refers to application of essential plant nutrients in optimum quantities and in right proportional through appropriate method and time of application suited for a specific crop and agronomic situation.
Aims of Balanced Fertilization:
a) Increasing crop yield,
b) Improving quality of the produce ,
c) Increasing farm income,
d) Correction of inherent soil nutrient deficiencies and toxicities
e) Maintaining or improving lasting soil fertility,.
f) Reduces environmental hazards
1. The document discusses nutrient use efficiency and factors that affect it, such as leaching, gaseous losses, immobilization, and chemical reactions between fertilizer components.
2. It describes methods of increasing fertilizer use efficiency, including applying fertilizers at the right time and quantity, and using the proper fertilizer source and form for different crops to minimize fixation and maximize availability.
3. Integrated nutrient management is defined as maintaining soil fertility and nutrient supply through optimizing organic, inorganic, and biological components to provide balanced nutrition for crops while sustaining soil quality.
Nitrogen use efficiency is often low for crops, ranging from 30-50% due to nitrogen losses through mechanisms like ammonia volatilization, nitrate leaching, and denitrification. Methods to improve nitrogen use efficiency include proper fertilizer, soil, and crop management practices as well as modifying fertilizers. Slow release fertilizers, urease inhibitors, and nitrification inhibitors can be used to coat or add chemicals to fertilizers to reduce nitrogen losses and allow for more efficient nitrogen uptake by crops.
The document discusses micronutrient fertilizer use efficiency (MUE) and ways to improve it. It defines MUE and notes that applying micronutrients directly to soil is inefficient due to chemical reactions in soil. MUE of inorganic fertilizers ranges from 2.5-5%. Chelated fertilizers help improve MUE by protecting micronutrients from reactions. Foliar application provides quick response but cannot replace soil application. Coated or encapsulated fertilizers can control nutrient release. Proper application timing and methods like fertigation or banding can also increase MUE.
Integrated Nutrient Management and Balanced Fertilization by Bhanumahi (CCSH...MahanteshKamatyanatti
This document discusses integrated nutrient management and balanced fertilization. It defines balanced fertilization as applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients in proper proportions to meet crop demands and avoid nutrient deficiencies or inefficiencies. The key aspects of balanced fertilization are applying the right nutrient type and quantity using the right application method at the right time. This helps maximize crop yields, improve cost effectiveness, enhance crop quality, and maintain soil fertility while avoiding pollution. The document recommends fertilizer application based on soil testing, use of high-yielding varieties, correcting all nutrient deficiencies, and following the 4R nutrient stewardship concept of applying the right source at the right rate, right time, and right place.
This document provides an overview of integrated nutrient management (INM). It begins with introductions and headings submitted by M. Ashok Naik to Dr. P. Kavitha regarding a report on INM. It then defines INM as the optimization of all plant nutrient sources, including organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers, to maintain soil fertility and maximize crop yields. The document discusses the concepts, components, classification, and advantages of INM. It also summarizes different organic manure sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost, and their composition and benefits. Finally, it provides details on brown manuring as a no-till practice for organic matter addition and weed control.
Fertilizer use efficiency depends on many factors related to the soil, climate, crop, and fertilizer characteristics. Only a fraction of the nutrients in fertilizer may be absorbed by crops, with the rest lost through leaching, volatilization, immobilization, or interactions between fertilizers. Maximum efficiency is obtained when the minimum amount of fertilizer needed is applied based on soil testing. Efficiency varies depending on soil properties like texture, pH, temperature, and moisture as well as the fertilizer type and application method used.
IMPORTANCE OF MICRONUTRIENT AND BIOFERTILIZERS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF PULSE PRODU...UAS, Dharwad
Pulses occupy a unique position in every system of Indian farming as a main, catch, cover, green manure and intercrop. These are the main source of protein particularly for vegetarians and contribute about 14 per cent of total protein of an average Indian diet. These cover an area of about 23.47 million hectares with an annual production of 18.34 million tones and productivity of 730 kg ha-1 in India (Anon., 2014).
The productivity of pulses continues to be low, as they are generally grown in rainfed areas under poor management conditions and face various kind of biotic and abiotic stresses. Unfavourable weather, low availability of quality seeds, socio-economic factors, weed infestation, less fertile and nutrient deficient soils etc. Among these constraints, recently emerged constraint is micronutrient deficiency which is one of the cause for reduction in yield of pulses. Hence, proper management of micronutrient can enhance the production.
Bio-fertilizers are one of the best modern tools for pulse production. These are cost effective, eco-friendly and renewable source of plant nutrients in sustainable pulse production. These are microbial inoculants which enhance crop production through improving the nutrient supply and their availability.
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a critically important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. Many agricultural soils of the world are deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients to support healthy and productive plant growth. Efficiency can be defined in many ways and easily increased food production could be achieved by expanding the land area under crops and by increasing yields per unit area through intensive farming. Environmental nutrient use efficiency can be quite different than agronomic or economic efficiency and maximizing efficiency may not always be effective. Worldwide, elemental deficiencies for essential macro and micro nutrients and toxicities by Al, Mn, Fe, S, B, Cu, Mo, Cr, Cl, Na, and Si have been reported.
slow release fertilizer in crop productionirfan mohammad
Slow release chemical fertilizers release nutrients at a gradual rate that matches plant uptake, improving fertilizer use efficiency. They include fertilizers coated with polymers, resins or sulfur to delay solubility. Others contain organic compounds of nitrogen that break down slowly. Coatings and compounds can prolong nutrient release from weeks to months. Research shows slow release fertilizers reduce losses from leaching and gas emissions, requiring less frequent application than soluble fertilizers.
The document discusses smart fertilizers, which provide nutrients to plants in a controlled, sustained release manner according to crop needs. It defines smart fertilizers and describes three main types: customized fertilizers which contain specific nutrient blends; slow release fertilizers which use coatings or other mechanisms to gradually release nutrients; and nanofertilizers which apply nutrients at the nano scale. The document also discusses the manufacturing of customized fertilizers and the mechanisms and advantages of slow release fertilizers, including their ability to minimize nutrient losses and maximize uptake efficiency.
CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT IN Major cropping system.pptxUAS, Dharwad
Crop residue management practices can provide benefits over burning residues. For major cropping systems like rice-wheat, retaining crop residues as mulch and incorporating them into soil can increase soil organic matter, nutrients, and water retention compared to burning. Alternatives like using crop residues for compost or conservation agriculture can also improve yields. Research on rice-wheat systems in India found greater wheat yields and soil quality with zero-tillage and retaining rice straw as mulch compared to conventional tillage with residue removal.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the use of nano fertilizers in agriculture. It defines nano-fertilizers as fertilizers made of nano-sized nutrient molecules coated in a polymer coating that releases nutrients when needed. Some key advantages discussed are increased nutrient use efficiency, lower requirement for chemical fertilizers, and higher crop yields. Potential disadvantages include unknown health and environmental risks. The conclusion is that with further research and addressing of risks, nano-fertilizers have potential to help feed more people sustainably.
The document discusses concepts of nutrient availability for plant uptake from soil. It defines soil fertility and explains sources of nutrients in soil solution. The principal ways nutrients move from soil to plant roots are mass flow, diffusion and root interception. Macronutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Micronutrients include boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc. The document also discusses plant tissue analysis for identifying nutrient deficiencies.
Integrated nutrient management is an approach to optimize soil fertility and plant nutrition by using all possible sources of plant nutrients (organic and inorganic) in a balanced and efficient manner. The goals are to optimize plant production and profitability while conserving resources and improving soil quality. In conventional farming, emphasis was placed on chemical fertilizers and high yields, but this caused nutrient depletion and deterioration of soil health over time. Integrated nutrient management balances nutrient supply from organic sources like farmyard manure with inorganic fertilizers, and synchronizes nutrient availability with crop demand to maintain long-term productivity and soil function.
This document discusses various types of environmental stresses that can affect plant growth including drought, high or low temperatures, excessive soil salinity, and inadequate minerals in the soil. It describes different mechanisms by which plants can adapt to or tolerate drought conditions, such as escaping drought by having a short lifecycle, avoiding stress through stomatal regulation and increased photosynthetic efficiency, and tolerating stress through enhanced water conservation and storage abilities. The document focuses on defining and classifying different types of drought, as well as adaptation strategies employed by crops to survive in drought environments.
Foliar feeding is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves. Plants are able to absorb essential elements through their leaves. The absorption takes place through their stomata and also through their epidermis.
Plants require both macronutrients and micronutrients from the soil to complete their life cycle. Balanced plant nutrition (BPN) is an approach that ensures plants receive adequate amounts of all required nutrients throughout their growth. BPN focuses on sustainability and considers crop type, soil type, and growth stage to balance nutrients. It provides not just the major nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also secondary nutrients, micronutrients, and organic manures. For optimal plant health and yield, BPN aims to prevent any single nutrient from limiting growth.
Indian agriculture feels the pain of fatigue of green revolution.
In the past 50 years, the fertilizer consumption exponentially increased from 0.5 (1960’s) to 24 million tonnes (2013) that commensurate with four-fold increase in food grain output (254 million tonnes) In order to achieve a target of 300 million tonnes of food grains and to feed the burgeoning population of 1.4 billion in 2025, the country will require 45 million tonnes of nutrients as against a current consumption level of 23 million tonnes. The sustainable agriculture and precision farming both are the urgent issues and hence the suitable agro-technological interventions are essential (e.g., nano and biotechnology) for ensuring the safety and sustainability of relevant production system.
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants that exists in soil in various organic and inorganic forms. The processes of mineralization and immobilization control nitrogen availability. Mineralization converts organic nitrogen into plant-available inorganic forms like ammonium and nitrate through aminization, ammonification, and nitrification carried out by soil microbes. Immobilization occurs when carbon-rich residues cause microbes to use inorganic nitrogen, decreasing availability for plants. Maintaining a proper carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in soil is important to promote nitrogen mineralization while avoiding immobilization.
Plant need based nutrient management and fertilizer recommendationO.P PARIHAR
This document discusses plant nutrient requirements and fertilizer recommendations for various crops. It provides details on the essential nutrients needed for plant growth, including macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. It also discusses soil testing methods and guidelines for interpreting soil test values. Recommendations are given for fertilizer application rates and timings for different crops like wheat and rice to optimize yields based on nutrient removal levels.
This document discusses acid soils, including their classification, formation processes, characteristics, impacts, and management. It defines acid soils as having a pH below 5.5 and lists various natural and human-induced causes of acidification like rainfall, parent material, and fertilizer use. Characteristics include low nutrient availability, aluminum toxicity, and reduced biological activity. Management involves applying lime to raise pH and supply calcium, with different lime sources and particle sizes impacting effectiveness. Crop residues and manures can also reduce acidity through mineralization reactions.
This document discusses conservation agriculture in India. It notes that over 120 million hectares of land in India is degraded, including from water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity and acidity. Conservation agriculture is presented as an alternative that can conserve natural resources by minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover, and diversifying crop species. The three principles of conservation agriculture are identified as minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations. Benefits include improved soil structure, organic matter, and reduced erosion. Techniques discussed include zero-tillage, use of crop residues and cover crops, and machinery like the happy seeder.
Micronutrient chelates are inorganic nutrients enclosed by organic or synthetic molecules. Synthetic chelates like EDTA and DTPA are commonly used in soil and foliar applications while organic chelates from wood pulp byproducts and citric acid are biodegradable alternatives. Chelation allows nutrients to penetrate plant leaves and be released for use by forming stable complexes that protect nutrients in alkaline soils. Using chelated micronutrients improves their availability and use efficiency compared to broadcast application, reducing the amounts needed to supply crop needs. This helps boost crop growth and yields while minimizing environmental impacts.
Enhancing NUE through site specific nutrient management and in problematic soilsSangramsingRrajput
This document discusses techniques to improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) through site specific nutrient management and in problematic soils. It defines NUE and discusses common indices used to measure it, like agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency. Reasons for low NUE in India are outlined. Techniques to improve NUE discussed include fertigation, foliar application, nanotechnology, nutrient briquettes, and seed priming. Fertigation and seed priming are described in more detail regarding their advantages and processes. The overall document focuses on defining NUE and exploring soil-specific and technological methods to enhance NUE.
Amino Chelate Fertilizers as the Latest Novelties in Plant Nutrition A Reviewijtsrd
Chelates are synthetic compounds which are widely used in cropping systems particularly in Horticulture to improve the micronutrients deficiencies or to increase the micronutrients concentrations in plant tissues. When these synthetics chelate fertilizers are applied on plants, it takes away only the element of nutrition, and the chelator goes into the soil. This synthetic chelates are threat to the environment and to the ecosystem. Amino chelate fertilizers are the latest novelties for plant nutrition in agricultural production system. They represent effective fertilizers for both soil and especially for foliar applications. They are prepared using several amino acids in a preferred manner and are more friendly to plant, environment and human health issues. Compared to other fertilizers or several other commercially available synthetics chelates, such as EDTA, EGTA, DTPA, however, amino chelate fertilizers represent the safer and more efficient forms of fertilizers. In many countries, amino chelates have been quickly dominated in fertilizer market. But there is not enough scientific data and other information detailing about how the plants responded to it. Many studies using amino chelate fertilizers show that plant growth, yield and quality of various vegetables and lettuce plants have been improved. Sumanjeet Kaur | Amarpreet K. Kalra "Amino Chelate Fertilizers as the Latest Novelties in Plant Nutrition: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49432.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/analytical-chemistry/49432/amino-chelate-fertilizers-as-the-latest-novelties-in-plant-nutrition-a-review/sumanjeet-kaur
This document provides an overview of integrated nutrient management (INM). It begins with introductions and headings submitted by M. Ashok Naik to Dr. P. Kavitha regarding a report on INM. It then defines INM as the optimization of all plant nutrient sources, including organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers, to maintain soil fertility and maximize crop yields. The document discusses the concepts, components, classification, and advantages of INM. It also summarizes different organic manure sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost, and their composition and benefits. Finally, it provides details on brown manuring as a no-till practice for organic matter addition and weed control.
Fertilizer use efficiency depends on many factors related to the soil, climate, crop, and fertilizer characteristics. Only a fraction of the nutrients in fertilizer may be absorbed by crops, with the rest lost through leaching, volatilization, immobilization, or interactions between fertilizers. Maximum efficiency is obtained when the minimum amount of fertilizer needed is applied based on soil testing. Efficiency varies depending on soil properties like texture, pH, temperature, and moisture as well as the fertilizer type and application method used.
IMPORTANCE OF MICRONUTRIENT AND BIOFERTILIZERS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF PULSE PRODU...UAS, Dharwad
Pulses occupy a unique position in every system of Indian farming as a main, catch, cover, green manure and intercrop. These are the main source of protein particularly for vegetarians and contribute about 14 per cent of total protein of an average Indian diet. These cover an area of about 23.47 million hectares with an annual production of 18.34 million tones and productivity of 730 kg ha-1 in India (Anon., 2014).
The productivity of pulses continues to be low, as they are generally grown in rainfed areas under poor management conditions and face various kind of biotic and abiotic stresses. Unfavourable weather, low availability of quality seeds, socio-economic factors, weed infestation, less fertile and nutrient deficient soils etc. Among these constraints, recently emerged constraint is micronutrient deficiency which is one of the cause for reduction in yield of pulses. Hence, proper management of micronutrient can enhance the production.
Bio-fertilizers are one of the best modern tools for pulse production. These are cost effective, eco-friendly and renewable source of plant nutrients in sustainable pulse production. These are microbial inoculants which enhance crop production through improving the nutrient supply and their availability.
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a critically important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. Many agricultural soils of the world are deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients to support healthy and productive plant growth. Efficiency can be defined in many ways and easily increased food production could be achieved by expanding the land area under crops and by increasing yields per unit area through intensive farming. Environmental nutrient use efficiency can be quite different than agronomic or economic efficiency and maximizing efficiency may not always be effective. Worldwide, elemental deficiencies for essential macro and micro nutrients and toxicities by Al, Mn, Fe, S, B, Cu, Mo, Cr, Cl, Na, and Si have been reported.
slow release fertilizer in crop productionirfan mohammad
Slow release chemical fertilizers release nutrients at a gradual rate that matches plant uptake, improving fertilizer use efficiency. They include fertilizers coated with polymers, resins or sulfur to delay solubility. Others contain organic compounds of nitrogen that break down slowly. Coatings and compounds can prolong nutrient release from weeks to months. Research shows slow release fertilizers reduce losses from leaching and gas emissions, requiring less frequent application than soluble fertilizers.
The document discusses smart fertilizers, which provide nutrients to plants in a controlled, sustained release manner according to crop needs. It defines smart fertilizers and describes three main types: customized fertilizers which contain specific nutrient blends; slow release fertilizers which use coatings or other mechanisms to gradually release nutrients; and nanofertilizers which apply nutrients at the nano scale. The document also discusses the manufacturing of customized fertilizers and the mechanisms and advantages of slow release fertilizers, including their ability to minimize nutrient losses and maximize uptake efficiency.
CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT IN Major cropping system.pptxUAS, Dharwad
Crop residue management practices can provide benefits over burning residues. For major cropping systems like rice-wheat, retaining crop residues as mulch and incorporating them into soil can increase soil organic matter, nutrients, and water retention compared to burning. Alternatives like using crop residues for compost or conservation agriculture can also improve yields. Research on rice-wheat systems in India found greater wheat yields and soil quality with zero-tillage and retaining rice straw as mulch compared to conventional tillage with residue removal.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the use of nano fertilizers in agriculture. It defines nano-fertilizers as fertilizers made of nano-sized nutrient molecules coated in a polymer coating that releases nutrients when needed. Some key advantages discussed are increased nutrient use efficiency, lower requirement for chemical fertilizers, and higher crop yields. Potential disadvantages include unknown health and environmental risks. The conclusion is that with further research and addressing of risks, nano-fertilizers have potential to help feed more people sustainably.
The document discusses concepts of nutrient availability for plant uptake from soil. It defines soil fertility and explains sources of nutrients in soil solution. The principal ways nutrients move from soil to plant roots are mass flow, diffusion and root interception. Macronutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Micronutrients include boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc. The document also discusses plant tissue analysis for identifying nutrient deficiencies.
Integrated nutrient management is an approach to optimize soil fertility and plant nutrition by using all possible sources of plant nutrients (organic and inorganic) in a balanced and efficient manner. The goals are to optimize plant production and profitability while conserving resources and improving soil quality. In conventional farming, emphasis was placed on chemical fertilizers and high yields, but this caused nutrient depletion and deterioration of soil health over time. Integrated nutrient management balances nutrient supply from organic sources like farmyard manure with inorganic fertilizers, and synchronizes nutrient availability with crop demand to maintain long-term productivity and soil function.
This document discusses various types of environmental stresses that can affect plant growth including drought, high or low temperatures, excessive soil salinity, and inadequate minerals in the soil. It describes different mechanisms by which plants can adapt to or tolerate drought conditions, such as escaping drought by having a short lifecycle, avoiding stress through stomatal regulation and increased photosynthetic efficiency, and tolerating stress through enhanced water conservation and storage abilities. The document focuses on defining and classifying different types of drought, as well as adaptation strategies employed by crops to survive in drought environments.
Foliar feeding is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves. Plants are able to absorb essential elements through their leaves. The absorption takes place through their stomata and also through their epidermis.
Plants require both macronutrients and micronutrients from the soil to complete their life cycle. Balanced plant nutrition (BPN) is an approach that ensures plants receive adequate amounts of all required nutrients throughout their growth. BPN focuses on sustainability and considers crop type, soil type, and growth stage to balance nutrients. It provides not just the major nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also secondary nutrients, micronutrients, and organic manures. For optimal plant health and yield, BPN aims to prevent any single nutrient from limiting growth.
Indian agriculture feels the pain of fatigue of green revolution.
In the past 50 years, the fertilizer consumption exponentially increased from 0.5 (1960’s) to 24 million tonnes (2013) that commensurate with four-fold increase in food grain output (254 million tonnes) In order to achieve a target of 300 million tonnes of food grains and to feed the burgeoning population of 1.4 billion in 2025, the country will require 45 million tonnes of nutrients as against a current consumption level of 23 million tonnes. The sustainable agriculture and precision farming both are the urgent issues and hence the suitable agro-technological interventions are essential (e.g., nano and biotechnology) for ensuring the safety and sustainability of relevant production system.
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants that exists in soil in various organic and inorganic forms. The processes of mineralization and immobilization control nitrogen availability. Mineralization converts organic nitrogen into plant-available inorganic forms like ammonium and nitrate through aminization, ammonification, and nitrification carried out by soil microbes. Immobilization occurs when carbon-rich residues cause microbes to use inorganic nitrogen, decreasing availability for plants. Maintaining a proper carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in soil is important to promote nitrogen mineralization while avoiding immobilization.
Plant need based nutrient management and fertilizer recommendationO.P PARIHAR
This document discusses plant nutrient requirements and fertilizer recommendations for various crops. It provides details on the essential nutrients needed for plant growth, including macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. It also discusses soil testing methods and guidelines for interpreting soil test values. Recommendations are given for fertilizer application rates and timings for different crops like wheat and rice to optimize yields based on nutrient removal levels.
This document discusses acid soils, including their classification, formation processes, characteristics, impacts, and management. It defines acid soils as having a pH below 5.5 and lists various natural and human-induced causes of acidification like rainfall, parent material, and fertilizer use. Characteristics include low nutrient availability, aluminum toxicity, and reduced biological activity. Management involves applying lime to raise pH and supply calcium, with different lime sources and particle sizes impacting effectiveness. Crop residues and manures can also reduce acidity through mineralization reactions.
This document discusses conservation agriculture in India. It notes that over 120 million hectares of land in India is degraded, including from water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity and acidity. Conservation agriculture is presented as an alternative that can conserve natural resources by minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover, and diversifying crop species. The three principles of conservation agriculture are identified as minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations. Benefits include improved soil structure, organic matter, and reduced erosion. Techniques discussed include zero-tillage, use of crop residues and cover crops, and machinery like the happy seeder.
Micronutrient chelates are inorganic nutrients enclosed by organic or synthetic molecules. Synthetic chelates like EDTA and DTPA are commonly used in soil and foliar applications while organic chelates from wood pulp byproducts and citric acid are biodegradable alternatives. Chelation allows nutrients to penetrate plant leaves and be released for use by forming stable complexes that protect nutrients in alkaline soils. Using chelated micronutrients improves their availability and use efficiency compared to broadcast application, reducing the amounts needed to supply crop needs. This helps boost crop growth and yields while minimizing environmental impacts.
Enhancing NUE through site specific nutrient management and in problematic soilsSangramsingRrajput
This document discusses techniques to improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) through site specific nutrient management and in problematic soils. It defines NUE and discusses common indices used to measure it, like agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency. Reasons for low NUE in India are outlined. Techniques to improve NUE discussed include fertigation, foliar application, nanotechnology, nutrient briquettes, and seed priming. Fertigation and seed priming are described in more detail regarding their advantages and processes. The overall document focuses on defining NUE and exploring soil-specific and technological methods to enhance NUE.
Amino Chelate Fertilizers as the Latest Novelties in Plant Nutrition A Reviewijtsrd
Chelates are synthetic compounds which are widely used in cropping systems particularly in Horticulture to improve the micronutrients deficiencies or to increase the micronutrients concentrations in plant tissues. When these synthetics chelate fertilizers are applied on plants, it takes away only the element of nutrition, and the chelator goes into the soil. This synthetic chelates are threat to the environment and to the ecosystem. Amino chelate fertilizers are the latest novelties for plant nutrition in agricultural production system. They represent effective fertilizers for both soil and especially for foliar applications. They are prepared using several amino acids in a preferred manner and are more friendly to plant, environment and human health issues. Compared to other fertilizers or several other commercially available synthetics chelates, such as EDTA, EGTA, DTPA, however, amino chelate fertilizers represent the safer and more efficient forms of fertilizers. In many countries, amino chelates have been quickly dominated in fertilizer market. But there is not enough scientific data and other information detailing about how the plants responded to it. Many studies using amino chelate fertilizers show that plant growth, yield and quality of various vegetables and lettuce plants have been improved. Sumanjeet Kaur | Amarpreet K. Kalra "Amino Chelate Fertilizers as the Latest Novelties in Plant Nutrition: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49432.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/analytical-chemistry/49432/amino-chelate-fertilizers-as-the-latest-novelties-in-plant-nutrition-a-review/sumanjeet-kaur
This document summarizes various agricultural technologies including: 1) dry-land farming and water saving technologies, 2) use of straw mulch, 3) balanced fertilizer application, 4) green manure cropping, 5) integrated pest management, 6) improved crop breeding, and 7) high-yield cultivation techniques. The technologies aim to improve soil and water conservation, increase nutrient use efficiency, control pests, develop high-yielding varieties, and reduce production costs. Diverse approaches are needed to promote sustainable agricultural practices.
The document discusses strategies for sustainable agriculture through the use of smart fertilizers. It proposes that smart fertilizers with controlled nutrient release, such as nanofertilizers and slow-release fertilizers, can increase nutrient use efficiency and reduce environmental impacts compared to conventional fertilizers. Nanofertilizers may be synthesized nanoparticles, products with nanoscale coatings, or bulk products with nanoscale additives. Slow-release fertilizers use coatings, large particle sizes, or condensation products to delay nutrient availability. The document also discusses polymers, biodegradable polymers, stabilized fertilizers using nitrification or urease inhibitors, and other methods to precisely control nutrient release timing and rates.
Development of a novel myconanomining approach for.pptxToobaBatool22
This document discusses the development of nano-biofertilizers using myconanomining. Myconanomining is a nanobiotechnological technique that converts bulk materials into nanostructures, which can then be used to more effectively prepare nanobiofertilizers. Nanobiofertilizers have several advantages over conventional fertilizers, including increased nutrient uptake by plants, reduced fertilizer needs, and lower environmental pollution. However, there are also some drawbacks such as potential toxicity and effects on microorganisms in the fertilizers that require further evaluation and solutions before wide application of these nanomaterials.
This document summarizes the results of a study on integrated nutrient management strategies for improving soil health and doubling farmer incomes in India. Key findings include:
1) Combining reduced tillage/no-till with mulching (straw, plastic) improved soil moisture retention and increased maize/wheat yields by 30-40% compared to conventional tillage alone.
2) Integrated nutrient management (INM) using organic manures, biofertilizers, and reduced inorganic fertilizers improved guava growth, yield, and quality more than inorganic fertilizers alone.
3) Applying vermicompost and biofertilizers along with 75% recommended inorganic fertilizers led to the highest guava plant
The document discusses organic farming. It defines organic farming as a method of farming that aims to cultivate land and raise crops in a way that keeps the soil healthy by using organic wastes and beneficial microbes, rather than synthetic inputs. Key characteristics of organic farming include protecting soil fertility, providing nutrients indirectly using insoluble sources, nitrogen self-sufficiency through legumes and recycling, and controlling weeds and pests through rotations, diversity and limited intervention. The document also notes the need for organic farming to sustainably increase agricultural production while maintaining a natural balance.
Nanotechnology and its use in agriculture.pptxshivalika6
Agriculture is the backbone of most developing countries, with more than 60% of the population reliant on it for their livelihood. Agricultural scientists are facing a wide spectrum of challenges such as: stagnation in crop yields, low nutrient use efficiency, declining soil organic matter, multi-nutrient deficiencies, climate change, shrinking arable land and water availability, shortage of labour besides exodus of people from farming.
Traditional farming techniques have attained saturation and are neither able to increase productivity nor able to restore ecosystems damaged by existing technologies. The global requirement of food is increasing gradually.
In spite of immense constraints faced, we need to attain a sustainable growth in agriculture to meet the food security challenges. To address these problems, there is a need to explore one of the frontier technologies such as ‘Nanotechnology’ to precisely detect and deliver the correct quantity of nutrients and pesticides that promote productivity while ensuring environmental safety and higher use efficiency.
Microalgae as biofertilizers are major enhancing soil fertility and quality. Microalgae can create plant growth hormones, Polysaccharides, antibacterial chemicals and other metabolites.
Sustainable Intensification of biodiversity in agroecosystem through conserva...Subodh Khanal
1) Conservation agriculture aims to sustainably intensify biodiversity in agroecosystems through techniques like conservation of crop residues, no-till farming, and intercropping.
2) Traditional agriculture can damage the environment by causing soil degradation, greenhouse gas emissions, and loss of biodiversity. Conservation agriculture addresses these issues through practices like zero-tillage, crop rotations, cover crops, and mulching to improve soil health and water retention.
3) Conservation agriculture has benefits for yields, costs, soil, water, and the environment. However, challenges include the need to change mindsets, manage crop residues, and address issues like initial soil compaction. It requires adapting techniques to local conditions and supporting policies
Significance of agronomic biofortification with zinc in maize.pptxrangaswamyranga8341
Fortification is a cost-effective and sustainable approach, which is highly effective and has large coverage, especially in the poorer regions of the world.
Fortification with the help of fertilizers would be a very rapid and practical approach to maximize mineral uptake and grain mineral accumulation in food crops immediately.
Most of the Indian soils are deficient in micro, macronutrients, and organic matter, by following the fortification approach we can reduce Nutrient deficiency in soils. Organic matter is the best source for the enrichment of micronutrients, and biofertilizers and also releases nutrients slowly into soil for a long period during crop growth.
About 75% of exogenous applications of Zn sources like ZnSO4 get fixed in the soil.
Fixation of Zn in soils with pH > 7.0 increases with increasing concentration of carbonates, thus becoming unavailable and can be reverted to available form with Zn solubilizing bacteria through the production of organic acids viz., gluconic acid which is designated as a strong acid among the mono carboxylic group of acid and are found to be easily biodegradable. Gluconic acid has the major anion which may be an important agent that helps in the solubilization of insoluble Zn compounds and makes it available to plant roots.
Nano Technology for UG students of AgricultureP.K. Mani
Nanotechnology has potential applications in precision agriculture by improving nutrient delivery and use efficiency. Nanofertilizers can increase solubility and bioavailability of nutrients through encapsulation, coatings, or by being nanoparticles. This allows for controlled or sustained release matching plant needs. Nanopesticides and nanosensors also aim to precisely target weeds or pathogens. However, further research is still needed to fully characterize nanomaterials and ensure their safe use in agricultural systems.
A combination of biotechnology and nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize agricultural systems and provide solutions for current and future problems. These include the development and use of smart fertilizers with controlled nutrient release, together with bioformulations based on bacteria or enzymes.
Microbial diversity of vermicompost and vermieashJayvir Solanki
Microbial diversity of vermicompost and vermiwash and their significance in agriculture. The document discusses the microbial communities found in vermicompost and vermiwash, which are produced through the breakdown of organic matter by earthworms and microbes. It provides details on the various bacteria and fungi identified in vermicompost systems using different earthworm species and feedstocks. These microbes play important roles in the decomposition process and produce enzymes and metabolites that improve soil and plant health. Tables show the physicochemical properties and microbial diversity found in vermicompost and vermiwash, which contribute significantly to agriculture by enhancing soil fertility and plant growth.
Lucent Bio has solved the micronutrient delivery problem.
Soileos is a soil-applied, smart crop nutrition delivery system. It enhances yields, crop resilience, and soil health with on-time nutrient delivery and sustained
bioavailability, allowing the crop to maximize its genetic potential. Lucent Bio’s patented technology upcycles cellulose derived from crop processing residues such as lentil, pea, or rice husks into a sustainable delivery agent for nutrients.
Soileos is a dry granular product of a similar size and weight to conventional dry granular products. Unlike conventional products, Soileos’ organic substrate means soil organic carbon levels are enhanced through its use. The net result is higher crop yields, improved nutrient density, and healthier soils with higher carbon.
This whitepaper contains the results of research on Soileos by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to declare the mode of action and the interaction with the soil
microbiome with a focus on microbial activity.
It was found that Soileos triggers an increase in microbial biomass due to the biologically available source of carbon—cellulose—a core component of Soileos.
Nutrients are delivered from Soileos to the crop using the symbiotic relationships between soil microbes and plants. The microbial community consumes the bioavailable carbon and begins to cycle, releasing the micronutrients back into the ecosystem in a bioavailable form ready for crop uptake. Research has also demonstrated that soil treated with Soileos results in minimal leaching, even at
high application, proving that Soileos is environmentally safe.
Soileos provides a climate-smart solution for nutrient management in modern farming practices.
The document discusses several topics related to food production and agricultural ecosystems:
1. Intensive food production places pressure on farmers to cut costs and use methods that impact the environment. There is a conflict between cheap food and environmental conservation.
2. Agricultural ecosystems differ from natural ecosystems in that they require additional energy inputs and have less species and genetic diversity due to human manipulation.
3. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers can increase food production but also leads to negative effects like reduced diversity, soil acidification, and water pollution if overapplied. Alternative practices aim to reduce nitrogen fertilizer use.
Smart Phosphorus Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture by Ahmad Kamalahmadkamalhq
Food production requires application of fertilizers in the form of N, P and K on agricultural fields to sustain crop yield. Last year 50 million metric ton of phosphatic fertilizers were used worldwide by this sector and their demand is increasing on average @ 1.6% from last three decades. Current intensive cropping systems remove significant chunk of P from soil, so now almost 43% of the world’s soils are P deficient. There is a dire need of continuous application of P fertilizers to the soil to cope up this deficiency. Rock-phosphate is a finite resource and current reserves are 71 billion metric ton. Compared to 1.6% annual increment in their consumption, it is possible that these resources will be depleted in 150-200 years.
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
The document discusses production technology for bio-organic farm inputs. It covers topics such as soil management and nutrition, composting, vermicomposting, biofertilizer production, azolla, BGA and mycorrhiza production, plant disease and pest management, bio-pesticide production, nursery development, and input evaluation. The overall focus is on providing information on producing organic soil amendments, fertilizers, and pest management products for use in organic farming systems.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Use Efficiency of Micronutrients
1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT IN INCREASING MICRONUTRIENTS USE
EFFICIENCY FOR SUSTAINING CROP PRODUCTION
Credit Seminar- (Soils- 591)
ADVISOR,- PRESENTED BY,-
Dr. R. K. Nayak Sairendri Mishra
Associate Professor Adm No.-191222506
MSc.(Ag) 2nd year
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry
College of Agriculture, OUAT, BHUBANESWAR
1
28 July 2021
2. OVERVIEW
• Introduction
• Functions of micronutrients
• Deficiency symptoms
• Status of micronutrients in Indian soil
• Nutrient use efficiency
• Soil factors affecting micronutrient availability
• Correct way of application of fertilizers
• Forms and formulations for boosting micronutrient use
• Research findings
• Future thrust areas
• Conclusion
• References
2
28 July 2021
3. INTRODUCTION
“To feed our people
we must first feed our soil.”
- Olusegun Obasanjo
3
28 July 2021
•Ensurance of food and nutritional security while
maintaining the quality of environment is one of the
major global concerns.
•An explosion in the world population is exerting
tremendous pressure on the scientific community,
planners, policymakers as well as farmers to meet the
ever - increasing food demand.
UN: (2015) &Fertilizers Euro (2019)
4. NUTRIENTS
• Nutrients can be defined as any
chemical compound required for
growth and development of any
organism.
• Nutrients serve as building blocks
of cellular structures and also as fuel
sources to carry out energy driven
processes.
• Regulate chemical processes in
living organisms.
4
28 July 2021
5. Micronutrient can be defined as an element required in trace amounts (<100 ppm) for normal
growth and development of living organisms.
• These include Fe(Iron) ,Cu(Copper) , Zn(Zinc),
Mn(Manganese) ,Ni(Nickel) , B(Boron) ,
Mo(Molybdenum) and Cl(Chlorine).
NUE- 1-2%
They are subdivided into two category as follows:
CATIONS
Iron,Manganese,Zinc,Copper
and Nickel
ANIONS
Boron, Molybdenum and
Chlorine
5
28 July 2021
6. 28 July 2021 6
• Zinc
• Manganese
Enzyme
activator
• Iron
• Copper
• Manganese
• Molybdenum
Redox
reagent
According to functional role based classification micronutrients are
divided into following
9. Causes of
deficiency
Deficienc
y in soil
Antagonistic
effect of
other
nutrients
Low organic
matter
Upland
conditions
Heavy
Rainfall
Intensive
cultivation
Removal
without
supplement
ation
Leaching
and erosion
losses of
nutrients
9
28 July 2021
10. A. BORON DEFICIENCY IN CORN
C. MANGANESE DEFICIENCY IN
SOYBEAN
10
28 July 2021
Zn deficiency in Maize
Mo deficiency in cauliflower B deficiency in papaya
11. CONTINUED…
IRON DEFICIENCY IN
WHEAT
KHAIRA DISEASE DUE
TO ZINC DEFICIENCY
IN RICE
CHLORIDE
DEFICIENCY IN
WHEAT
11
28 July 2021
Mn DEFICIENCY IN BITTER
GOURD
Cu DEFICIENCY IN RICE
15. Percentage use of micronutrient fertilizers in
India
15
28 July 2021
16. NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY
•Overall NUE in plant is a function of
capacity of soil to supply adequate levels of
nutrients, and ability of plant to acquire,
transport in roots and shoot and to
remobilize to other parts of the plant.
•Plants interaction with environmental
factors such as solar radiation, rainfall,
temperature and their response to diseases,
insects and allelopathy and root microbes
have a great influence on NUE in plants.
16
28 July 2021
17. SOIL FACTORS AFFECTING MICRONUTRIENT AVAILABILITY
FACTORS
SOIL
TEXTURE
TOTAL CONTENT IN SOIL
NUTRIENT
INTERACTION
Alloway et al. (2008)
17
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19. METHOD OF APPLICATION
A. SOIL APPLICATION
•The most common method of micronutrient application
for crops is soil application.
• Both granular and fluid NPK fertilizers are commonly
used as carriers of micronutrients.
•Micronutrients with mixed fertilizers is a convenient
method of application, and allows more uniform
distribution with conventional application equipment.
• Coating powdered micronutrients onto granular NPK
fertilizers decreases the possibility of segregation.
19
28 July 2021
20. B. FOLIAR APPLICATION
Foliar application of nutrients supplements
soil fertilization
The most important use of foliar sprays has
been in the application of micronutrients
Foliar fertilizers can provide the plant nutrient
at critical stages of plant growth.
It is rapid in action as compared to soil
application and is generally devoid of any kind
of unwanted losses.
Foliar feeding is a technique of feeding plants
by applying liquid fertilizers directly to the
leaves.
20
28 July 2021
21. C. FERTIGATION
A. Fertigation is a method of fertilizer
application in which fertilizer is
incorporated within the irrigation water by
the drip system.
B. In this system fertilizer solution is
distributed evenly in irrigation.
C. The availability of nutrients is very high
therefore the efficiency is more.
D. By this method, fertilizer use efficiency is
increased from 80 to 90 per cent.
E. Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo could be used as
micro nutrients in drip fertigation.
21
28 July 2021
22. D. SEED PRIMING/SEED COATING
• Seeds may be treated with micronutrients
either by soaking in nutrient solution of a
specific concentration for a specific duration
(seed priming) or by coating with
micronutrients.
•Primed seeds usually have better and more
synchronized germination (Farooq et al., 2009)
owing simply to less imbibition time and build-
up of germination-enhancing metabolites .
•Seed treatment, by seed priming or seed
coating, seems pragmatic, inexpensive and an
easy method of micronutrient delivery .
22
28 July 2021
23. FORMS OR FORMULATIONS FOR BOOSTING MICRONUTRIENT USE
CHELATES
MICRO-ENCAPSULATION
FORTIFIED/COATED FERTILIZERS
GENETIC MANIPULATION
CUSTOMIZED FERTILIZERS
ORGANIC MATRIX
FRITTED/SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER
BIOFORTIFICATION
23
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NANOFERTILIZER
PRECISION AGRICULTURE
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
24. CHELATES
• A chelate is a complex organic molecule that surrounds the
nutrient ion.
•Chelates may increase the solubility and availability of micro
nutrients by increasing the solution concentration.
•Some commonly used chelating agents are : EDTA
(Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid), HEDTA(Hydroxyethylene
diaminetriacetic acid), DTPA (Diethylene triamine
pentaacetic acid).
24
28 July 2021
25. MICRO-ENCAPSULATION
MICRO- ENCAPSULATION PROCESS
ADVANTAGES
• Enhancement of the contact
surface for absorption and thus,
increase in bioavailability.
• Low cost of production
• Biodegradable in
nature.
Microencapsulation is a process by which we apply a protective coating called a
matrix around a small particle called the core or active.
PROPERTIES
• RELEASE
PARAMETERS
•FLAVOUR
MASKING
•PRECISION
•EASY HANDLING
25
28 July 2021
26. NANOFERTILIZER
•Nano fertilizer is a product that
supplies nutrient to the crop
encapsulated within a nanoparticle.
Three ways of encapsulation:
•The nutrient can be encapsulated inside
nano materials.
• Coated within protective polymer
film.
•Delivered as particles or dimension of
nanoscale dimensions.
26
28 July 2021
27. FORTIFIED/COATED FERTILIZERS
• Fortified fertilizers are formed by
combining conventional fertilizers
with one or more micronutrients.
•The use of fortified fertilizers helps
in the uniform application of
micronutrient fertilizers in
small amounts, avoiding the cost of
additional operation of soil
placement, broadcasting or
spraying.
•There are 26 approved
formulations of fortified fertilizers,
Zincated urea (2% Zn) and
boronated SSP (1.2% B) being the
most important ones.
27
28 July 2021
28. CUSTOMIZED FERTILIZER
•These forms of fertilizers are considered as the
best available option to correct site specific
multi-nutrient deficiencies of soils so as to
attain the maximum crop production through
improved nutrient use efficiency.
• The government of India has notified around
34 customized fertilizers for 100 districts of
certain states like Andhra Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand,
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka for crops like rice,
wheat, sugarcane, chilli etc.
28
28 July 2021
29. ORGANIC MATRIX
•Organic matrix allows the slow release of
nutrients.
•The product is homogenous and does not
require any coating. The product includes an
(organic matrix), which has both positive and
negative charges, and holds cations like
ammonium, potassium, zinc and ferrous, and
anions like sulphate and phosphorous.
•The binding of nutrients to the organic matrix
slows down the reactions of nutrients with the
soil.
• Then, soil microbes begin to break the
matrices and nutrients are gradually released
for plants’ uptake.
29
28 July 2021
30. FRITTED/ SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER
• Frits are produced by fusing one or more
powdered micronutrients sources with silicates
in a furnace to produce vitrified homogenous
material that is ground into a powder.
•These products were developed to be used on
coarse-textured soils in high rainfall areas
where leaching is a problem.
•Fritted Trace Elements allow nutrients to be
delivered steadily over a long period of time,
and without much danger of overdose.
•Some examples are : Boron Glass frits , Boron
phosphate.
30
28 July 2021
31. GENETIC MANIPULATION
• Great progress has been made in breeding
nutrient-efficient crops by molecularly
engineering root traits desirable for
efficient acquisition of nutrients from soil,
transporters for uptake, redistribution and
homeostasis of nutrients, and enzymes for
efficient assimilation.
• It improve the NUE by engineering root
growth, nutrient transporter manipulation
and manipulating regulatory and
transcription factors.
Wan et al.(2017)
31
28 July 2021
32. HARVEST PLUS
•Harvest Plus is developing and
promoting new, more nutritious
varieties of staple food crops with
higher amounts of vitamin A, iron or
zinc—three of the micronutrients
identified by the World Health
Organization as most lacking in diets
globally by the process of
biofortification.
•Biofortified zinc wheat varieties-
WB-02
32
28 July 2021
34. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• The use of Artificial Intelligence in agriculture helps the farmers to understand the data insights such as
temperature, precipitation, wind speed , solar radiation etc.
• A German-based tech start-up PEAT has developed an AI-based application called Plantix that can identify
the nutrient deficiencies in soil by which farmers can also get an idea to use fertilizer which helps to improve
harvest quality.
•This app uses image recognition-based technology.
34
28 July 2021
36. 36
28 July 2021
Treatments Gross yield (q/ha) Percentage increase
over control
Percentage increase or
decrease over soil
application
T1-control 227.54 - -27.4
T2-Soil Application
(1kg/ha)
313.52 37.8 -
T3-FS 0.5% once 309.72 36.1 -1.2
T4-FS 0.75% once 298.89 31.4 -4.7
T5-FS 0.5% twice 326.99 43.7 4.3
T6-FS 0.75% twice 289.81 27.4 -7.6
Effect of soil and foliar application of boron on gross yield of
cauliflower
AICRP on Micronutrients, BBSR (2018-19)
Sandy loam (Inceptisols)
Acidic pH-5.21
37. Effect of ZnSO4 foliar spray on yield of pumpkin
28 July 2021 37
Treatments Weight
(kg/vine)
No. of fruits
per vine
Yield
(ton/ha)
T1 – control 1.50 1.10 17.20
T2 –soil application of 2.5kg ZnSO4/ha 5.50 2.14 22.43
T3 –RDF+0.5% ZnSO4 FS once 3.62 1.55 19.43
T4- RDF+0.75% ZnSO4 FS once 3.85 1.60 19.60
T5 -RDF+0.5% ZnSO4 FS twice 5.32 2.10 22.36
T6 - RDF+0.75% ZnSO4 FS twice 4.45 1.98 21.63
T7 -RDF+0.5% ZnSO4 FS thrice 6.78 2.24 23.16
T8 - RDF+0.75% ZnSO4 FS thrice 3.22 1.46 19.20
Sandy loam (Inceptisols)
Acidic pH-5.21
AICRP on Micronutrients, BBSR (2018-19)
38. 38
Effect of different zinc levels on grain Zn content (mg/kg dry weight) in different
genotypes of wheat (2009–2010)
Improving nutritional quality of wheat through soil
and foliar zinc application
Genotypes Grain Zn content (mg/kg dry weight)
2009 2010
Zn0 Zn20 Zn20 + F Zn0 Zn20 Zn20 + F
UP262 17.23 20.0 30.77 18.57 19.07 34.37
UP2338 20.03 22.7 32.83 18.97 24.43 36.90
UP2382 18.37 31.27 36.90 22.87 26.53 37.57
UP2572 10.53 18.97 28.97 22.57 32.47 40.47
UP2554 25.10 34.13 42.57 23.37 29.73 30.93
UP2584 14.87 19.40 25.87 20.57 24.03 32.23
PBW343 11.57 18.97 25.13 22.00 31.23 34.73
PBW550 16.20 25.10 36.71 22.27 25.77 38.07
PBW175 16.17 17.70 26.23 24.23 26.83 33.57
PBW590 14.63 25.40 36.40 20.20 21.93 35.70
SeM ± CD SeM ± CD
T 0.34 1.31 0.70 2.75
V 0.81 2.29 0.52 1.47
[Bharti et al.,2013]
• pH= 7.0, Texture- Loam , Zn0= 0 kg ZnSO4/ha , Zn20= 20 kg ZnSO4/ha and Zn20 + F= 20 kg ZnSO4/ha + foliar spray of 0.5% solution
of ZnSO4
• Foliar spray at max. tillering stage, Initial soil Zn status= 0.42ppm (deficient)
*more Zn uptake, accumulation, remobilisation, allocation to grains.
39. 18 May 2019 39
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
GENOTYPES→
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
GENOTYPES→
Figure 1. Effect of different Zn levels on methionine content [2009–2010] and
2010–2011] in dry weight of grains of different genotypes of wheat
(Bharti et al, 2013)
(2009-2010) (2010-2011)
• (vertical bars indicate ± SD)
• Genotypes- 1.UP262 , 2. UP2338, 3. UP2382, 4.UP2572, 5.UP2554, 6.UP2584,7.PBW343, 8.PBW550,
9.PBW175, 10.PBW590
*Zn, cofactor, RNA pol, polymerisation of mRNA encoding amino acids
40. 40
Effect of levels of zinc, iron and manganese application on yield and quality traits of aromatic rice cv.
HUBR 2-1
Micronutrient fortification in crop to enhance
growth, yield and quality of aromatic rice
Treatment Grain
Yield
(q/ha)
Hulling
(%)
Milling (%) Head Rice
Recovery
(%)
Kernal
length
(mm)
Gross return
(Rs./ha)
Net return
(Rs./ha)
B:C
ratio
Zn levels(kg ha-1)
Control 45.81 75.58 61.92 63.14 5.94 51467 27773 1.17
5 49.72 76.69 62.52 64.03 6.05 55350 31040 1.28
10 51.33 77.44 63.91 66.03 6.28 57229 32409 1.32
CD(P=0.05) 0.99 1.37 1.09 1.76 0.25 864 1030 0.04
Fe levels(kg ha-1)
Control 47.04 75.61 62.08 63.30 5.95 52626 29796 1.30
15 51.09 77.37 63.75 66.19 6.24 57084 32754 1.34
30 48.73 76.73 62.52 63.69 6.08 54335 28671 1.12
CD(P=0.05) 0.99 1.37 1.09 1.76 0.25 864 1030 0.04
Mn levels(kg ha-1)
Control 47.78 75.69 62.08 63.42 5.94 53419 29489 1.23
5 49.91 77.27 63.47 65.42 6.24 55803 31639 1.31
10 49.18 76.75 62.79 64.36 6.09 54823 30093 1.22
CD(P=0.05) 0.99 1.37 1.09 1.76 0.25 864 1030 0.04
[Ashok et al ,2016]
Source of Zn=ZnSO4.7H2O, Fe=: FeSO4.7H2O, Mn= MnSO4.7H2O,half as basal & half as FS, RD=NPK@120:60:60 kg/ha;
pH=7.2, Texture-Sandy loam *Zn-auxin activity, hormonal activity
41. 41
Effect of micronutrients on seed quality attributes in green gram cv. PDM -11
Treat
ments
Treatment details No. of
seeds/pod
1000-seed
weight(g)
Seed yield/ha
(kg)
Abnormal
seedling (%)
Hard seed (%)
T1 Control 8.28 24.49 617.25 5.33 10.66
T2 ZnSO4@25kg/ha
(soil application)
8.98 25.99 695.85 2.66 6.33
T3 Borax@10kg/ha
(soil application)
8.95 25.55 830.50 1.00 7.00
T4 Ammonium molybdate
@5g/kg seed
(seed treatment)
9.11 23.19 779.44 1.00 6.66
T5 MnO2@ 0.5%
(foliar application)
8.40 25.12 702.49 1.50 3.33
T6 Zn-CHELATE@500g/ha
(soil application)
8.35 24.19 762.49 2.66 9.66
T7 MIXTURE* 9.05 26.61 854.72 0.66 4.33
Mean 8.7 25.02 747.68 2.1 6.85
CD(0.05) 0.564 1.405 7.666 1.802 1.326
* ZnSO4@25kg/ha+Borax@10kg/ha+ Ammonium molybdate@ 5g/kg seed+ Manganese dioxide@ 0.5%
EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS APPLICATION ON SEED
YIELD AND QUALITY IN GREEN GRAM
[Rukeiya,2012]
42. 28 July 2021 42
Experimental title Phasing of Zinc application in Rice-Rice
cropping system for medium land Inceptisols of
Odisha
Details of the technology Dose of Zn(4),Frequency(3) , design -RBD
Recommended Ecosystem : Rice-Rice or cereal based
Experimental finding : Application of Zn@2.5 kg every year to the first
crop
Superiority over existing
technology :
Productivity
Profitability
Sustainability
Other parameters(if any)
: 2.5 kg Zn/CS over 5.0 kg Zn/crop
: 4.01 t/ha
: B:C ratio of 1.45
: 0.65 (SYI)
Message to farmers : Small application @ 2.5 kg Zn to the first crop of
cereal based CS
Way forward : Needs to be tested in other CS and soils
AICRP on Micronutrients, BBSR (2017-18)
43. 28 July 2021
43
Experimental title Phasing of Boron application in Rice-vegetable
cropping system of Odisha
Details of the technology Dose of Boron (4),Frequency(3) , design -RBD
Recommended Ecosystem : Rice-vegetable based Cropping System
Experimental finding :
Superiority over existing
technology :
Productivity
Profitability
Sustainability
Other parameters(if any)
: 1.5 kg B/Cropping System over 1.0 kg B/crop
: 35.46 q/ha rice and 172.5 t/ha knolkhol
: B:C ratio 2.27 (Rs.1,00,575=00)
: Quality improvement of the vegetable crop
Message to farmers : Application of B @ 1.5 kg to the rice crop of a rice-
vegetable system benefits both rice and vegetable with
max profit
Way forward : Needs to be tested in other cropping systems under
different soils
AICRP on Micronutrients, BBSR (2017-18)
45. Effect of nanoscale zinc oxide on uptake of zinc by leaf and
kernel of peanut
45
28 July 2021
25 nm diameter of Zn nano particles are used in this study
46. Effect of fertigation by drip irrigation on groundnut productivity as compared to soi
and foliar application of micronutrients
46
28 July 2021
47. Influence of nano-ZnO and other Zn sources in strawberry
( foliar application)
zz
Nano-ZnO (200) 17.63
Nano-ZnO(400) 17.98
Nano-ZnO(600) 19.31
ZnSO4(200) 12.70
ZnSO4(400) 13.34
Sandy Clay Loam
pH 6.60 Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh
Zn nutrition
(μg/g)
DTPA extractable Zn (μg/g)
47
28 July 2021
Saini et al.(2021)
48. FUTURE THRUST AREAS
Periodic monitoring of Soil micronutrient status through soil testing
Soil test based micronutrient application
Micronutrient dose and frequency should be based on crop need in a
cropping sequence.
Site and crop specific recommendations
Critical limits need to be validated by field tests
Promotion of nanotechnology
Use of artificial intelligence
Awareness campaigns
State government initiatives like Bhoo Chetna Yojana
48
28 July 2021
49. CONCLUSION
Micronutrients are essential for plant growth therefore their management to enhance crop
productivity, crop quality and environmental quality is need of the hour.
Fortification through genetic and agronomic practices is a good possible solution of multiple
problems of micronutrient management.
The principles of nutrient stewardship which include 4R’s (right source, rate, method and
time) helps in better micronutrient management.
Use of modern technology (nano fertilizers, slow and controlled release fertilizers) should
be advocated for enhancing the nutrient use efficiency, crop and environmental quality.
• Technological advancement in increasing fertilizer use efficiency in agriculture is the key
factor to meet global food security along with nutritional security.
49
28 July 2021
50. References
Prasad TNVKV, Sudhakar P, Sreenivasulu Y, Latha P, Munaswamy V, Reddy KR, Sreeprasad TS, Sanjalal
PR and Pradeep T. (2012). Effect of nano zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of
peanut. Journal of Plant Nutrition 35(6): 905-927.
Shukla AK and Behera SK. (2017). Micronurtient Research in India: Retrospect and Prospects. Preprints of
seminar papers. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India.
Singh A. L. (1999). Mineral Nutrition of Groundnut. In: A. Hemantranjan (eds), Advances in Plant
Physiology Vol II. Scientific Publishers (India), Jodhpur India. pp 161-200.
Kumar, A. (1992). Fertigation through drip irrigation. In Drip Irrigation pp16-21, Proceeding of the
National Seminar on Drip Irrigation at IPCL, Baroda. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Directorate of Groundnut Research (2008). “AICRP on Groundnut”. Junagadh, India: Directorate of
Groundnut Research.
Brown, P. H., Cakmak, I. and Zhang, Q. (1993). “Forms and function of zinc in plants”. In Zinc in Soil and
Plants, Edited by: Robson, A. D. 93–106. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
28 July 2021 50
Around 90-95% food production is dependent upon soil directly or indirectly.
Hidden hunger. In context with recent pandemic situation, immunity development is highly needed which can be fulfilled by increasing intake of essential micronutrients in the diet.