The document provides clues and questions related to a quiz about secrets from the Book of Secrets. The clues are items, locations, phrases, and people related to US presidents and history. The questions test knowledge about the meanings of clues, Native American languages, historical figures, locations related to the Statue of Liberty, materials used in artifacts, and dates, presidents, and quotes associated with presidential history.
The document summarizes the settlement of the American West in the late 1800s. It describes how the Transcontinental Railroad was built between 1865-1869 to link the eastern and western United States, making travel west quicker. The railroad stimulated western expansion by enabling settlers, farmers, and ranchers to access eastern markets. It also discusses how settlers moved west for reasons like seeking land, gold, and religion. Life for early settlers and railroad workers was difficult with dangers from weather, injuries, and lack of resources. The document also summarizes the importance of the buffalo to Plains Indians and how their decline impacted Native American cultures and livelihoods.
The culture of the Plains Indians declined as white settlers transformed the Great Plains, pushing the Indians off their lands. Meanwhile, farmers formed the Populist movement to address their economic concerns arising from the settlement of the West. As settlers moved west and claimed more land, conflicts increased between Native Americans and settlers who wanted to own the land.
The document discusses the beliefs and way of life of Native Americans before the arrival of European settlers. It describes their spiritual beliefs including the Great Spirit, respect for nature, and belief that land could not be owned. It discusses the roles of medicine men and importance of rituals and dances. It also describes the central role of the buffalo in providing food, shelter, tools and having cultural significance. Horses later became an important symbol of wealth and hunting, though they also contributed to changes in Native American lifestyle and relationship with the land.
The document provides details about the settling of the American West in the late 19th century, including the gold rush in Nevada, cattle ranching and drives, farming on the Great Plains, and conflicts with Native Americans. It describes how the discovery of gold and silver in Nevada led to a boomtown of 30,000 people in Virginia City almost overnight in 1859. Cattle drives along trails like the Chisholm Trail brought over 1.5 million head of cattle from Texas to Kansas between 1867 and 1871. Farming on the Great Plains was challenging due to lack of water and trees and threats of fires and grasshoppers but new technologies like barbed wire and steam-powered farming equipment enabled settlement. Conflicts with Native Americans
The document summarizes the genocide of Native Americans that occurred in North America between the 1600s and late 1800s. It describes how disease and warfare reduced the indigenous population from 10 million to just 300,000 by 1865. It then discusses how the US government forced most tribes onto reservations in the West after the Civil War, destroying the buffalo herds that were critical to their survival and way of life. Several key battles are mentioned, including the massacres at Sand Creek and Wounded Knee, as the US Army sought to control the tribes and open up land for white settlement.
The document discusses the impact of railroads on the development of the American West in the late 19th century, including the cattle industry, transcontinental railroads, immigration, and elimination of buffalo herds. It also summarizes key aspects of Western expansion like the decline of the cowboy way of life, legendary figures like Buffalo Bill and Calamity Jane, the mining industry, conflicts over land use, and the myths and realities of pioneer life on the plains.
The document summarizes the culture of Plains Indians like the Sioux, their nomadic lifestyle following buffalo herds, and their political/social organization. It then describes how westward expansion of white settlers through Manifest Destiny brought increasing violent conflict with Native Americans over land. As settlers encroached on hunting grounds, broken treaties sometimes forced relocation of tribes. Notable uprisings included the Dakota Sioux in 1862 and Lakota Sioux defense of territory led by chiefs like Red Cloud. Later peace efforts through reservations failed due to poverty and corruption, leading to later wars in the 1870s as Native Americans left reservations and buffalo herds disappeared. A major battle was the defeat of Custer at Little Bigh
The document summarizes the encounters between Native Americans and European settlers in North America from the 15th century onward. It describes how they engaged in trade, with Europeans exchanging goods like beads and metals for furs. It also discusses how they influenced each other's cultures and economies, with Europeans adopting more agriculture and Natives taking up hunting. Additionally, it outlines how the groups formed alliances and conflicts, and how Europeans ultimately asserted control over land, breaking treaties and forcing Native Americans westward.
The document summarizes the settlement of the American West in the late 1800s. It describes how the Transcontinental Railroad was built between 1865-1869 to link the eastern and western United States, making travel west quicker. The railroad stimulated western expansion by enabling settlers, farmers, and ranchers to access eastern markets. It also discusses how settlers moved west for reasons like seeking land, gold, and religion. Life for early settlers and railroad workers was difficult with dangers from weather, injuries, and lack of resources. The document also summarizes the importance of the buffalo to Plains Indians and how their decline impacted Native American cultures and livelihoods.
The culture of the Plains Indians declined as white settlers transformed the Great Plains, pushing the Indians off their lands. Meanwhile, farmers formed the Populist movement to address their economic concerns arising from the settlement of the West. As settlers moved west and claimed more land, conflicts increased between Native Americans and settlers who wanted to own the land.
The document discusses the beliefs and way of life of Native Americans before the arrival of European settlers. It describes their spiritual beliefs including the Great Spirit, respect for nature, and belief that land could not be owned. It discusses the roles of medicine men and importance of rituals and dances. It also describes the central role of the buffalo in providing food, shelter, tools and having cultural significance. Horses later became an important symbol of wealth and hunting, though they also contributed to changes in Native American lifestyle and relationship with the land.
The document provides details about the settling of the American West in the late 19th century, including the gold rush in Nevada, cattle ranching and drives, farming on the Great Plains, and conflicts with Native Americans. It describes how the discovery of gold and silver in Nevada led to a boomtown of 30,000 people in Virginia City almost overnight in 1859. Cattle drives along trails like the Chisholm Trail brought over 1.5 million head of cattle from Texas to Kansas between 1867 and 1871. Farming on the Great Plains was challenging due to lack of water and trees and threats of fires and grasshoppers but new technologies like barbed wire and steam-powered farming equipment enabled settlement. Conflicts with Native Americans
The document summarizes the genocide of Native Americans that occurred in North America between the 1600s and late 1800s. It describes how disease and warfare reduced the indigenous population from 10 million to just 300,000 by 1865. It then discusses how the US government forced most tribes onto reservations in the West after the Civil War, destroying the buffalo herds that were critical to their survival and way of life. Several key battles are mentioned, including the massacres at Sand Creek and Wounded Knee, as the US Army sought to control the tribes and open up land for white settlement.
The document discusses the impact of railroads on the development of the American West in the late 19th century, including the cattle industry, transcontinental railroads, immigration, and elimination of buffalo herds. It also summarizes key aspects of Western expansion like the decline of the cowboy way of life, legendary figures like Buffalo Bill and Calamity Jane, the mining industry, conflicts over land use, and the myths and realities of pioneer life on the plains.
The document summarizes the culture of Plains Indians like the Sioux, their nomadic lifestyle following buffalo herds, and their political/social organization. It then describes how westward expansion of white settlers through Manifest Destiny brought increasing violent conflict with Native Americans over land. As settlers encroached on hunting grounds, broken treaties sometimes forced relocation of tribes. Notable uprisings included the Dakota Sioux in 1862 and Lakota Sioux defense of territory led by chiefs like Red Cloud. Later peace efforts through reservations failed due to poverty and corruption, leading to later wars in the 1870s as Native Americans left reservations and buffalo herds disappeared. A major battle was the defeat of Custer at Little Bigh
The document summarizes the encounters between Native Americans and European settlers in North America from the 15th century onward. It describes how they engaged in trade, with Europeans exchanging goods like beads and metals for furs. It also discusses how they influenced each other's cultures and economies, with Europeans adopting more agriculture and Natives taking up hunting. Additionally, it outlines how the groups formed alliances and conflicts, and how Europeans ultimately asserted control over land, breaking treaties and forcing Native Americans westward.
The document discusses westward expansion in the United States following the Civil War. It describes how the 1862 Homestead Act encouraged settlement by offering citizens parcels of free or low-cost land. The transcontinental railroad network expanded rapidly in the late 1800s, opening up the West to greater development. Cattle ranching became a major industry, with longhorn cattle driven north on trails like the Chisholm Trail to railheads and markets. Conflict increased with Plains Indians as settlers and the army seized more land, culminating in the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 that marked the end of the Plains Indian way of life.
Indian Horses Before Columbus Evidences in AmericaRuben LLumihucci
According to most leading scholars in history, anthropology and geography, none of the Native Tribes had horses until after Columbus. “On the contrary,” say elders of the Plains Indian Tribes, “our ancestors always had horses.”
Indeed, the oldest surviving travel account of an overseas explorer in the American Southwest comes from the Afghani Buddhist Monk, Hui Shen. He sailed to the West Coast of Fu Sang during the
5th century AD. According to the monk, the Native People of Fu Sang (or ancient Mexico) had both
horses and wagons. If we jump over to the East Coast, we find a similar account dating to the 13th century. According to Bjorn of Iceland, he fell overboard while landing his dory in the Atlantic surf. He was rescued by a party of Celtic Natives, or Welsh Colonists, “riding on horseback.”
Everywhere that explorers traveled along the Eastern Seaboard of North America during the 16th,
17th, and 18th centuries, they reported seeing Indians (or Welsh settlers) riding horses. When John Cabot landed along the East Coast in 1497, he reported seeing “the dung of draft animals” (such as horses and cattle). The Natives presumably kept their livestock “out of sight” due to quite reasonable fears that alien visitors who landed along their shores might take cattle for a festive evening meal. When Jacques Cartier explored the region of Quebec in 1535, his Native host informed him that there was a tribe in the Far West where the Indians rode on horses.
The document discusses various trivia questions related to business and politics. It includes 15 multiple choice questions about topics like famous CEOs, books authored by celebrities, luxury brands used by Indian maharajas, movie references, and more. The questions test knowledge in areas of business, entertainment, history and current events.
Chapter 13 Looking to the West PresentationThomas Melhorn
The document provides an overview of the settlement of the American West. It describes how (1) the government offered incentives like the Homestead Act to encourage farming on the Great Plains, while railroads advertised to bring settlers; (2) many groups migrated west including former Confederate soldiers and European immigrants; and (3) new farming techniques such as dryland farming and irrigation projects evolved to cultivate the land of the West.
Anglo-Saxon society was divided into social classes from kings down to slaves. Farming was the main occupation and crops included wheat, barley and oats. War was a frequent source of slaves and people's social status depended on land ownership. Religious practices involved invoking gods for success in material matters like harvests and battles.
The document discusses several key factors that influenced the post-Civil War expansion and settlement of the American West:
1) Ideologies like Manifest Destiny and nationalism guided westward expansion, as the US sought to expand its territory across the continent.
2) New legislation like the Homestead Act of 1862 offered free or cheap land, incentivizing farmers to settle the West. Transcontinental railroads also promoted western migration.
3) Conflict arose as white settlers pushed onto lands inhabited by Native Americans, leading to a series of Indian Wars as the US military forced tribes onto reservations to make way for expansion.
1) The document discusses various topics including billiard balls, ties, liberos in volleyball, tabla drums, William Minor's contributions to the Oxford English Dictionary, high jumper Dick Fosbury's technique, the 1974 Nav Nirman Andolan in India, different names for table football around the world, Tipu Sultan's involvement with Channapatna toys, and a 9 move river crossing puzzle.
2) Mohenjo-daro is an important archaeological site in Pakistan discovered in 1922 by Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay.
3) The document identifies 'The Last Telegram' campaign as the context for the line "AJAY THANK YOU FOR BEING A GREAT CLIENT
Corey Babcock World history unit projectCorey Babcock
1) The student traveled to Constantinople, the former capital of the Byzantine Empire, and saw intricate 12th century mosaics in Hagia Sophia, including ones depicting biblical scenes.
2) In Japan, the student learned that Japan's island geography helped defend against attacks and that they used different military forces like samurai and isolated at times for protection. An artifact viewed was a samurai sword representing courage.
3) In the Aztec Empire, the student learned they were the dominant Mesoamerican civilization and founded Tenochtitlan, practicing human sacrifice to appease gods. An artifact was a knife used for sacrifices.
4) In the Americas, the student saw the
The document compares aspects of ancient, medieval, and modern societies and time periods. It discusses the social classes of nobles, tradesmen, and peasants in medieval Europe. Peasants lived off the land and were sometimes called serfs, living in crude housing and owing labor to nobles in exchange for protection. The document also contrasts features of Roman and feudal rule, noting Rome had representative government while feudal society was characterized by ignorance. Additionally, it provides details on the Crusades, the Bubonic Plague, and puts events in chronological order.
This document provides an overview of the history and literature of several Caribbean islands including Jamaica, Dominica, Barbados, Trinidad, Saint Lucia, and the wider Caribbean region. It discusses the indigenous peoples, European colonization, the slave trade and its abolition, independence movements, and important post-colonial writers from each island such as George Lamming of Barbados, Merle Hodge of Trinidad, and Roderick Walcott of Saint Lucia. The document examines how these writers addressed themes of identity, racism, and the Caribbean experience under colonial rule in their works.
The document summarizes Paul Revere's famous ride on April 18, 1775 to warn the Massachusetts militia that British troops were marching to Concord. It describes the chaotic mobilization of the British troops, the quick response of the American militia to the alarms, the panic that spread among civilians, and the first shots fired between the British and militia at Lexington green, marking the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
People have been living in Colorado for thousands of years. The earliest inhabitants were the Clovis people, who arrived around 15,000-11,000 years ago and hunted mammoths with spears. Later, the Folsom people used shorter projectile points to hunt bison after the mammoths went extinct. Following them were the Archaic hunter-gatherers, who moved seasonally to hunt deer, elk, and bison while the women gathered plants like berries and nuts.
Theme 4 part 2 The English in North AmericaKristi Beria
The document summarizes the early English colonies in North America, including the failed Roanoke colony, the establishment of Jamestown colony which struggled initially, the development of tobacco farming which boosted Virginia's economy, and the Puritan settlements in New England including Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies. It discusses the relations between the colonists and Native Americans, which grew increasingly hostile over land disputes and led to conflicts like the Pequot War and King Philip's War.
The document summarizes the horrific conditions and treatment that slaves experienced during the transatlantic slave trade. It describes how slaves were forced to walk long distances to coastal forts where they were held in dungeons for up to a year before being packed into ships. During the middle passage, slaves endured unhygienic conditions, disease, and physical abuse while slave codes legalized violence against slaves by plantation owners. The slave system became highly profitable in the southern colonies but imposed brutal punishments and restrictions on slaves.
Americans moved west for several key reasons: economic opportunities from gold/silver rushes; availability of open land; and new jobs building railroads. This movement led to the growth of boom towns near mining sites and rail stations. It also increased conflicts with Native Americans over land. Westward expansion involved the forced relocation of Indian tribes to reservations and numerous battles as American settlers pushed into Indian territory.
The document provides details about several people and events:
1. Mulk Raj Anand was an Indian novelist and journalist who wrote propaganda for the Indian independence movement in London and supported other freedom struggles around the world.
2. Beena Das was a Bengali revolutionary who attempted to assassinate the Governor of Bengal in 1932 but failed and was imprisoned.
3. Ken Saro-Wiwa was a Nigerian activist executed in 1995 for protesting environmental damage caused by oil companies in Ogoniland.
4. General Sani Abacha was the military leader of Nigeria who died of a heart attack allegedly due to poisoning by political rivals.
- The document appears to be a quiz with answers on topics related to India.
- It includes questions about famous towns, movies, historical figures, monuments, and other trivia related to Indian culture, history and current events.
- The questions are multiple choice or require naming people, places, events, etc. based on clues provided in the questions.
Within this presentation, the author provides a brief overview of two pirates off the New England coast - Robert Bartholomew and Samuel Bellamy. Details are given about their histories, including Bartholomew capturing eleven slave ships and Bellamy being shipwrecked off Cape Cod after leaving his lover Maria in Eastham. Pictures and illustrations from sources like the Smithsonian and Mystic Seaport help depict the pirates and their ships. In less than 3 sentences.
The document discusses westward expansion in the United States following the Civil War. It describes how the 1862 Homestead Act encouraged settlement by offering citizens parcels of free or low-cost land. The transcontinental railroad network expanded rapidly in the late 1800s, opening up the West to greater development. Cattle ranching became a major industry, with longhorn cattle driven north on trails like the Chisholm Trail to railheads and markets. Conflict increased with Plains Indians as settlers and the army seized more land, culminating in the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 that marked the end of the Plains Indian way of life.
Indian Horses Before Columbus Evidences in AmericaRuben LLumihucci
According to most leading scholars in history, anthropology and geography, none of the Native Tribes had horses until after Columbus. “On the contrary,” say elders of the Plains Indian Tribes, “our ancestors always had horses.”
Indeed, the oldest surviving travel account of an overseas explorer in the American Southwest comes from the Afghani Buddhist Monk, Hui Shen. He sailed to the West Coast of Fu Sang during the
5th century AD. According to the monk, the Native People of Fu Sang (or ancient Mexico) had both
horses and wagons. If we jump over to the East Coast, we find a similar account dating to the 13th century. According to Bjorn of Iceland, he fell overboard while landing his dory in the Atlantic surf. He was rescued by a party of Celtic Natives, or Welsh Colonists, “riding on horseback.”
Everywhere that explorers traveled along the Eastern Seaboard of North America during the 16th,
17th, and 18th centuries, they reported seeing Indians (or Welsh settlers) riding horses. When John Cabot landed along the East Coast in 1497, he reported seeing “the dung of draft animals” (such as horses and cattle). The Natives presumably kept their livestock “out of sight” due to quite reasonable fears that alien visitors who landed along their shores might take cattle for a festive evening meal. When Jacques Cartier explored the region of Quebec in 1535, his Native host informed him that there was a tribe in the Far West where the Indians rode on horses.
The document discusses various trivia questions related to business and politics. It includes 15 multiple choice questions about topics like famous CEOs, books authored by celebrities, luxury brands used by Indian maharajas, movie references, and more. The questions test knowledge in areas of business, entertainment, history and current events.
Chapter 13 Looking to the West PresentationThomas Melhorn
The document provides an overview of the settlement of the American West. It describes how (1) the government offered incentives like the Homestead Act to encourage farming on the Great Plains, while railroads advertised to bring settlers; (2) many groups migrated west including former Confederate soldiers and European immigrants; and (3) new farming techniques such as dryland farming and irrigation projects evolved to cultivate the land of the West.
Anglo-Saxon society was divided into social classes from kings down to slaves. Farming was the main occupation and crops included wheat, barley and oats. War was a frequent source of slaves and people's social status depended on land ownership. Religious practices involved invoking gods for success in material matters like harvests and battles.
The document discusses several key factors that influenced the post-Civil War expansion and settlement of the American West:
1) Ideologies like Manifest Destiny and nationalism guided westward expansion, as the US sought to expand its territory across the continent.
2) New legislation like the Homestead Act of 1862 offered free or cheap land, incentivizing farmers to settle the West. Transcontinental railroads also promoted western migration.
3) Conflict arose as white settlers pushed onto lands inhabited by Native Americans, leading to a series of Indian Wars as the US military forced tribes onto reservations to make way for expansion.
1) The document discusses various topics including billiard balls, ties, liberos in volleyball, tabla drums, William Minor's contributions to the Oxford English Dictionary, high jumper Dick Fosbury's technique, the 1974 Nav Nirman Andolan in India, different names for table football around the world, Tipu Sultan's involvement with Channapatna toys, and a 9 move river crossing puzzle.
2) Mohenjo-daro is an important archaeological site in Pakistan discovered in 1922 by Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay.
3) The document identifies 'The Last Telegram' campaign as the context for the line "AJAY THANK YOU FOR BEING A GREAT CLIENT
Corey Babcock World history unit projectCorey Babcock
1) The student traveled to Constantinople, the former capital of the Byzantine Empire, and saw intricate 12th century mosaics in Hagia Sophia, including ones depicting biblical scenes.
2) In Japan, the student learned that Japan's island geography helped defend against attacks and that they used different military forces like samurai and isolated at times for protection. An artifact viewed was a samurai sword representing courage.
3) In the Aztec Empire, the student learned they were the dominant Mesoamerican civilization and founded Tenochtitlan, practicing human sacrifice to appease gods. An artifact was a knife used for sacrifices.
4) In the Americas, the student saw the
The document compares aspects of ancient, medieval, and modern societies and time periods. It discusses the social classes of nobles, tradesmen, and peasants in medieval Europe. Peasants lived off the land and were sometimes called serfs, living in crude housing and owing labor to nobles in exchange for protection. The document also contrasts features of Roman and feudal rule, noting Rome had representative government while feudal society was characterized by ignorance. Additionally, it provides details on the Crusades, the Bubonic Plague, and puts events in chronological order.
This document provides an overview of the history and literature of several Caribbean islands including Jamaica, Dominica, Barbados, Trinidad, Saint Lucia, and the wider Caribbean region. It discusses the indigenous peoples, European colonization, the slave trade and its abolition, independence movements, and important post-colonial writers from each island such as George Lamming of Barbados, Merle Hodge of Trinidad, and Roderick Walcott of Saint Lucia. The document examines how these writers addressed themes of identity, racism, and the Caribbean experience under colonial rule in their works.
The document summarizes Paul Revere's famous ride on April 18, 1775 to warn the Massachusetts militia that British troops were marching to Concord. It describes the chaotic mobilization of the British troops, the quick response of the American militia to the alarms, the panic that spread among civilians, and the first shots fired between the British and militia at Lexington green, marking the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
People have been living in Colorado for thousands of years. The earliest inhabitants were the Clovis people, who arrived around 15,000-11,000 years ago and hunted mammoths with spears. Later, the Folsom people used shorter projectile points to hunt bison after the mammoths went extinct. Following them were the Archaic hunter-gatherers, who moved seasonally to hunt deer, elk, and bison while the women gathered plants like berries and nuts.
Theme 4 part 2 The English in North AmericaKristi Beria
The document summarizes the early English colonies in North America, including the failed Roanoke colony, the establishment of Jamestown colony which struggled initially, the development of tobacco farming which boosted Virginia's economy, and the Puritan settlements in New England including Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies. It discusses the relations between the colonists and Native Americans, which grew increasingly hostile over land disputes and led to conflicts like the Pequot War and King Philip's War.
The document summarizes the horrific conditions and treatment that slaves experienced during the transatlantic slave trade. It describes how slaves were forced to walk long distances to coastal forts where they were held in dungeons for up to a year before being packed into ships. During the middle passage, slaves endured unhygienic conditions, disease, and physical abuse while slave codes legalized violence against slaves by plantation owners. The slave system became highly profitable in the southern colonies but imposed brutal punishments and restrictions on slaves.
Americans moved west for several key reasons: economic opportunities from gold/silver rushes; availability of open land; and new jobs building railroads. This movement led to the growth of boom towns near mining sites and rail stations. It also increased conflicts with Native Americans over land. Westward expansion involved the forced relocation of Indian tribes to reservations and numerous battles as American settlers pushed into Indian territory.
The document provides details about several people and events:
1. Mulk Raj Anand was an Indian novelist and journalist who wrote propaganda for the Indian independence movement in London and supported other freedom struggles around the world.
2. Beena Das was a Bengali revolutionary who attempted to assassinate the Governor of Bengal in 1932 but failed and was imprisoned.
3. Ken Saro-Wiwa was a Nigerian activist executed in 1995 for protesting environmental damage caused by oil companies in Ogoniland.
4. General Sani Abacha was the military leader of Nigeria who died of a heart attack allegedly due to poisoning by political rivals.
- The document appears to be a quiz with answers on topics related to India.
- It includes questions about famous towns, movies, historical figures, monuments, and other trivia related to Indian culture, history and current events.
- The questions are multiple choice or require naming people, places, events, etc. based on clues provided in the questions.
Within this presentation, the author provides a brief overview of two pirates off the New England coast - Robert Bartholomew and Samuel Bellamy. Details are given about their histories, including Bartholomew capturing eleven slave ships and Bellamy being shipwrecked off Cape Cod after leaving his lover Maria in Eastham. Pictures and illustrations from sources like the Smithsonian and Mystic Seaport help depict the pirates and their ships. In less than 3 sentences.
El documento describe la evolución del uso de la tecnología en la vida de la autora desde su infancia hasta la actualidad. Comenzó con juguetes como teléfonos y televisores en su niñez, y luego utilizó ordenadores en la escuela y videojuegos. A los doce años tuvo su primer teléfono móvil y comenzó a usar internet, lo cual revolucionó su vida y educación. Ahora como maestra, valora enormemente las múltiples posibilidades educativas que ofrecen las tecnologías de la información.
1. The document discusses a quiz covering topics related to the slave trade between continents, the journey of slaves, colonies, economic systems, and the three continents involved in the slave trade.
2. It then summarizes the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, where several girls exhibited strange behavior and accused others, including slaves, of witchcraft, leading to arrests and executions.
3. The next section provides details on the French and Indian War between France and Great Britain over territory in North America, including key battles, leaders, the Albany Plan of Union, and the Treaty of Paris, which ended French control in North America.
The document provides terms to describe strengths and weaknesses and asks the reader to match words with each category. It then lists potential strengths of a government, such as money, hard work, and education, as well as potential weaknesses, like lack of experience, laziness, and dishonesty. Finally, it presents a short chapter on the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the need to replace it with a new, stronger national government.
This document outlines objectives for a course on being successful as a student. The main objectives are to understand what it means to be a successful student according to God's definition of studying and learning. It encourages students to let the peace and word of God rule in their hearts as they study, and to do all things in the name of Jesus, giving thanks to God. Key verses provided give wisdom on gaining knowledge through fearing the Lord, and receiving reward from the Lord for serving Him with heartfelt work.
The document discusses several key issues around the closing of the American western frontier in the late 19th century, including:
1) Various groups migrated westward for opportunities including free land, profit, and manifest destiny, straining relations with native peoples and leading to conflicts over land and resources.
2) Iconic figures and groups emerged during this period like cowboys, gunslingers, miners, ranchers, settlers, and soldiers, many of whom faced hard lives and conflicts on the frontier.
3) Native American tribes suffered tremendously from loss of lands and buffalo herds, disease, and conflicts with white settlers and government policies which led to many being forced onto reservations.
Miners and ranchers helped build the American West in the late 19th century. Miners flocked to locations where gold and silver were discovered, creating boomtowns like Virginia City, Nevada and Colorado mining towns. Ranchers drove cattle on long trails from Texas to railroads in Kansas, establishing the cowboy culture and cattle drives along trails like the Chisholm Trail. The invention of barbed wire by Joseph Glidden ended the open range by allowing farmers to fence off their land, changing the cattle industry.
The document summarizes the history of the American West from the 1800s. It describes how Native Americans lived on the plains and hunted buffalo before settlers arrived. It then discusses the influx of settlers after gold was discovered, their conflicts with Native Americans over land, and key events like the Sand Creek Massacre. It also outlines the rise of cattle ranching and the end of the frontier period in the late 1800s.
Mining and railroads transformed the American West in the late 1800s. Gold and silver strikes attracted miners who established boomtowns near mining sites. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 connected the West to markets and further accelerated settlement. Native Americans struggled as settlers encroached on their lands, breaking treaties. Battles like the Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee marked the decline of Native cultures. At the same time, cattle ranching became a major industry on the open range of the West.
Mining and railroads transformed the American West in the late 1800s. Gold and silver strikes attracted miners who established boomtowns near mining sites. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 connected the West to markets and further accelerated settlement. Native Americans struggled as settlers encroached on their lands, breaking treaties. Battles like the Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee marked the decline of Native cultures. At the same time, cattle ranching became a major industry on the open range of the West.
Mining and railroads transformed the American West in the late 19th century. Gold and silver strikes attracted miners who established boomtowns near mining sites. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 connected the West to markets and facilitated further settlement. Farming on the plains was difficult due to scarce water and unpredictable weather, and many homesteaders could not last the required 5 years to own their land. Native Americans struggled as settlers and loss of buffalo encroached on their traditional lands and way of life.
The U.S. experience in settling the West. Covers Indian wars, rail roads and up to election of 1896. My thanks to Gennie Holcomb for providing framework material for the presentation.
Westward expansion from 1865 to 1914 led to significant changes across the United States. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 sparked the Gold Rush, drawing thousands of prospectors West in search of wealth. This period also saw the expansion of the cattle industry, growth of the railroad system, and an influx of homesteaders and immigrants seeking land and opportunity. However, westward settlement increasingly came into conflict with Native American tribes, leading to broken treaties, warfare, and the eventual confinement of most tribes to reservations by the late 19th century.
Miners and ranchers helped build the American West in the late 19th century. Miners flocked west during the Gold Rush, founding boomtowns when gold and silver deposits were discovered. The Comstock Lode silver deposit in Nevada transformed San Francisco and sparked a rush of over 30,000 people to Virginia City. Ranchers drove cattle on long trails from Texas to markets in Kansas, establishing the iconic cowboy culture and cattle towns along trails like the Chisholm Trail. However, the open range era ended when barbed wire was invented, allowing farmers to fence off their land.
The document summarizes key developments in America from the 1860s to 1900, including the growth of cities and industries, increased immigration, and social pressures. It discusses the rise of mining, cattle ranching, and transcontinental railroads, as well as conflicts over land with Native American tribes and the near-extinction of the American bison.
Goal 4 the great west and the rise of the debtors (1860s 1896)Dave Phillips
This document discusses the settlement and development of the American West between the 1860s and 1896. It describes the different groups that migrated to the West, including miners, railroad workers, ranchers, farmers, Native Americans, and ethnic minorities. It outlines the hardships faced by settlers and the impacts on the environment, including the near-extinction of the buffalo. Key events discussed include the transcontinental railroad, Indian wars, cattle drives, and conflicts over land and resources. The document also examines the economic and technological changes during this period, such as innovations in farming equipment and the rise and fall of populism.
After the Civil War, many settlers migrated westward to settle the frontier. They faced great hardships but were driven by the promise of land and opportunity. Railroads accelerated westward expansion by transporting both settlers and goods. As settlers increasingly encroached on their lands, many Native American tribes lost their homelands and traditional way of life, often through conflict and broken treaties that forced their relocation to reservations. Ranching, mining, and commercial farming transformed the Western economy in the 19th century.
The document summarizes the settlement of the American West after the Civil War. Various groups inhabited the West, including Native Americans, Hispanics, Chinese immigrants, and settlers from the eastern U.S. who migrated westward. Native Americans increasingly lost their lands and way of life as settlers encroached on their territory. Significant events like the Homestead Act, cattle ranching, and construction of the transcontinental railroad drove further settlement of the West.
The document summarizes the key developments in mining and settlement in the American West between 1850-1900. It describes how the discovery of gold and silver in places like Virginia City led to boomtowns. Technological advances like barbed wire, steel plows and windmills helped enable large-scale farming on the plains. The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged western expansion by offering settlers land. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 further transformed the region. However, this influx of settlers and depletion of buffalo herds by hunters caused conflicts with Native Americans over land, leading to events like the Battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee Massacre.
The document discusses the patterns of settlement in the American West from the 1840s to the late 1800s. Various groups migrated west for opportunities, including immigrants, Mormons, Californios, miners, farmers and ranchers. The opening of the railroad in 1869 connected the East and West and transformed the cattle industry. Conflict arose between white settlers and Plains Indians as the settlers encroached on Native lands, leading to battles like Little Big Horn and the Wounded Knee massacre. The U.S. government ultimately confined remaining Native Americans to reservations and tried to assimilate them through measures like boarding schools.
The document summarizes key aspects of life in the American Old West from the late 1800s. It describes the various groups that populated the West, including Native Americans, ranchers, miners, farmers, and ethnic minority workers. It outlines the tensions between these groups and the government over land and resources. It provides details on the decimation of the bison, broken treaties with Native Americans, and the eventual defeat of native resistance. The lives of ranchers, miners, farmers, and the roles of railroads and ethnic minority workers are also summarized.
The document summarizes the settlement of the American West between 1865 and 1890. It describes how the frontier pushed westward due to the Homestead Act, transcontinental railroad, mining, cattle ranching, and farming. It also discusses the subduing of Native Americans through broken treaties and warfare, which resulted in their confinement to reservations by 1890. The closing of the frontier by 1890 marked the end of an era in American history.
The document summarizes the settlement and development of the American West from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. It describes how the Gold Rush spurred rapid growth of mining towns, the introduction of barbed wire and mechanized farming equipment that transformed agriculture, and the passage of the Homestead Act that encouraged western migration. It also discusses the building of the transcontinental railroad, U.S. policy towards Native Americans including battles over land and the destruction of the buffalo, and the subjugation of tribes to reservations.
The document discusses the settlement and development of the American West in the late 19th century. It describes how the Gold Rush led to a boom in towns like Virginia City. Technological advancements like barbed wire and steel plows helped farmers cultivate land. The Homestead Act encouraged western expansion. The transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869. Conflict arose between settlers and Native Americans over land, culminating in battles like Little Bighorn. Assimilation policies sought to absorb indigenous peoples into white culture. By 1890, the frontier was declared closed as the census announced its end.
After the Civil War, settlers migrated west seeking opportunities in mining, ranching, and farming. Railroads facilitated this westward expansion. Native Americans faced immense hardship as settlers overran their lands, destroying their way of life. Conflicts culminated in events like the Battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee massacre, where the U.S. military attacked Native American tribes, seeking to confine them to reservations.
Andrew Carnegie founded the Carnegie Steel Company and practiced vertical integration, consolidating all stages of steel production. John D. Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Company and achieved a monopoly on the oil industry through horizontal integration and buying out competitors. Cornelius Vanderbilt built his wealth in shipping and railroads through consolidation of different companies. These businessmen faced opposition from labor unions who organized strikes to demand better working conditions, including an 8-hour workday and bans on child labor. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire that killed 146 workers led to new safety regulations.
The document summarizes key inventions and innovations from the late 19th century that fueled industrialization in the United States. It describes:
1) Edwin Drake drilling the first commercial oil well in the 1850s, providing a major new fuel source that powered transportation and industry.
2) Bessemer process in the 1860s enabling mass production of stronger and cheaper steel, allowing skyscrapers and bridges to be built.
3) Thomas Edison's innovations in the late 1870s-1880s including the light bulb and first power company, though power could not be sent long distances yet.
4) George Westinghouse developing the first power system that could send electricity across many miles in the 1880
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War, including the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 which prompted several Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. Sectional tensions over the issue of slavery and its expansion into new territories increased political polarization and ultimately led to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861.
The document provides details about several significant events that occurred between 1990-2001, including:
1) The Persian Gulf War in 1991 where a US-led coalition launched Operation Desert Storm to liberate Kuwait after it was invaded by Iraq.
2) Several environmental and transportation disasters such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 and the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986.
3) The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks where hijacked planes crashed into the World Trade Center towers, the Pentagon, and a field in Pennsylvania, killing nearly 3,000 people.
This document summarizes many events and issues during Ronald Reagan's presidency from 1980 to 1988. It discusses the rise of conservative politics and policies like Reaganomics. It also covers social issues, foreign policy events like the Iran-Contra affair and the end of the Cold War, and the fall of communism in Europe.
Gerald Ford became President after Nixon resigned due to the Watergate scandal. Ford pardoned Nixon to help the country move past Watergate. He also signed laws increasing campaign finance regulations and government ethics oversight. Jimmy Carter focused on the energy crisis and reducing US dependence on foreign oil through conservation and the National Energy Act. Carter advanced human rights both domestically by appointing more minorities and women, and internationally by cutting aid to rights-abusing countries. He helped broker the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt. The 1970s also saw environmental concerns rise with events like the publication of Silent Spring and the creation of the EPA. The Three Mile Island incident highlighted issues with nuclear energy safety.
Hitler took advantage of Britain and France's appeasement policies to aggressively expand German territory. Between 1936-1939, Germany annexed the Rhineland, Austria, the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, and invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. In 1939, Germany signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union to divide Poland between them, and invaded Poland from the west while the Soviets invaded from the east, marking the start of World War II. Germany then launched surprise Blitzkrieg attacks to quickly conquer Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France by June 1940.
Totalitarian governments led by dictators rose to power in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union in the early 20th century. Joseph Stalin established a communist totalitarian state in the Soviet Union through collectivization of farms and purges that killed millions. Benito Mussolini created a fascist state in Italy and invaded Ethiopia. Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany through his charismatic speeches and established the Nazi Party as a totalitarian dictatorship. In Japan, militarism increased under Prime Minister Hideki Tojo as Japan expanded its empire into Manchuria and China. The League of Nations failed to stop several acts of aggression in the 1930s.
The document summarizes key events and social movements in the US during the 1960s and 1970s. It discusses the counterculture movement and Woodstock festival. It also covers the rise of feminism and the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision. The Watergate scandal is described in detail, including the break-in, cover-up attempts, investigations, and Nixon's eventual resignation. Economic issues like stagflation and OPEC are briefly touched on. Environmental concerns and events like Three Mile Island are also mentioned.
The document provides information about a CH 28 quiz covering topics related to the Vietnam War era. It discusses key events and policies of the Vietnam War such as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, Operation Rolling Thunder, the Tet Offensive, and anti-war protests. It also summarizes strategies used in the war like search and destroy missions, the use of body counts, and the challenges of fighting in the jungle terrain against guerilla warfare tactics. Domestic impacts of the war such as the growing divide between war hawks and doves and protests on college campuses are also addressed.
The document summarizes the long term causes and events leading up to World War I. It discusses the rise of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in the late 19th century. It also describes the system of alliances between European powers. The immediate trigger of the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist. This caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and triggered the web of alliances that drew other European powers into the growing conflict. By August 1914, Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria had formed the Central Powers against the Allied Powers of Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and later the United States.
The document discusses René Descartes and his contributions to philosophy and science during the Scientific Revolution. Descartes established modern philosophy and analytic geometry. He wrote Discourse on Method where he argued that nothing should be accepted on faith and everything must be doubted until proven through reason. His most famous conclusion was "I think, therefore I am", establishing that he knows he exists through his ability to think and doubt.
The Minoans lived on the island of Crete from around 2000-1400 BC. As a seafaring people, they relied heavily on trade since local agriculture could not sustain their population. They exported fine pottery and spread their unique architecture, art, and religious practices throughout the Mediterranean, acting as a "stepping stone" for cultural exchange. Minoan society was possibly matriarchal, as evidenced by frescoes depicting women in positions of power and authority equal to men. Their capital of Knossos was ruled by King Minos and was notable for lacking fortifications. The Minoan civilization ultimately declined after a major volcanic eruption destroyed their navy and trade networks, leaving them vulnerable to invasion by the
1. European nations colonized Africa in the late 19th century for economic and strategic reasons, seeking raw materials and new markets.
2. At the Berlin Conference, European powers divided Africa among themselves without regard for existing African political systems and identities.
3. Colonization had both positive and negative effects in Africa. It introduced technologies but also disrupted existing societies and economies, often to the detriment of local populations.
The document summarizes the key events of the French Revolution from the late 18th century. It describes the social inequality under the estates system, massive government debt due to lavish spending, and popular anger towards King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. This led to tensions that erupted in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille, declaring a constitutional monarchy, and the rise of radical Jacobins who overthrew the monarchy and established a republic. The reign of Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of Terror followed, until he too was overthrown. Napoleon Bonaparte then seized power in a coup and established an empire, seeking to spread French ideals and power across Europe through military conquest.
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emphasized reason, science, and individualism. Key figures like Copernicus, Galileo, Bacon, and Newton used careful observation and experimentation to challenge accepted beliefs and prove theories like heliocentrism and gravity. Meanwhile, philosophers such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau advocated for ideals like tolerance, liberty, and democracy based on logic and natural rights. The Scientific Revolution and Age of Reason transformed thought and helped ushered in principles of the modern world.
This document provides an overview of key people and events during the Renaissance period in Europe. It discusses early Italian Renaissance figures like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael. It then covers the Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. Key figures in the English Reformation like King Henry VIII and his wives are outlined. The effects of the English Reformation on later monarchs like Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I are summarized.
King Philip IV of France refused to obey Pope Boniface VIII, imprisoning the Pope who later died. This began the division of the Church. Philip persuaded cardinals to elect a French Pope who moved the papacy to Avignon, France, beginning the Avignon Papacy. Later, disputes led to the Great Schism with two competing popes. The Bubonic Plague arrived in Europe in 1347, killing around 25 million people and weakening the Church's authority. The Hundred Years' War then began between England and France over claims to the French throne, lasting from 1337 to 1453. Joan of Arc helped rally the French during the war through military victories before being captured and burned at the stake.
1. The Roman Empire split into western and eastern halves in 284 AD under Diocletian to more effectively administer its vast territory.
2. Constantine established Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire in 330 AD, strengthening its dominance in the east.
3. The Western Roman Empire continued to weaken due to invasions and was sacked by barbarians in 410 AD, while the Eastern Empire lasted another 1000 years under Byzantine rule from Constantinople.
1. Quiz # 1 Book of Secrets
Put clues in order:
1. Native American plank
2. Paris, France
3. Surrender your hand
4. Resolute desk
5. The debt that all men paid
6. Mount Rushmore
7. Buckingham Palace
8. Statue of Liberty
9. Symbol of eagle and scroll
10. Five key letter word (death)
11. The president’s Book
12. Cloudless rain
13. Laboulaye Lady
14. Oval Office, White House
15. Noble bird
1. What does Cibola means?
2. What native language was the plank written?
3. Who was the General that fought in the Little
Bighorn
4. Name the three place where the Statue of
Liberty created by Laboulaye can be found.
5. What is the resolute desk made out of?
6. Name the year that the Statue of Liberty was
built.
7. Name the two president who did not use the
resolute desk.
8. Name the Queen of England that gave the
resolute desk as a gift to US.
9. Name the place where George Washington
lived.
10. Where was the President’s Book located?
11. Who said, “ the last full measure of
devotion?” And what speech did he
mentioned it?
12. Who was the first president to receive the
resolute desk from the Queen of England
13. Who was the president who destroyed the
plank.
14. What type of bird is known as the noble bird.
4. Homestead Act
• To settle the land,
government gave 160
acres of land to citizens
– Rules:
• American citizen or
immigrant filing for
citizenship
• Build house
• Live in house 6 months
out of year
• Farm land 5 yrs in a row
before ownership set
372,000 new farms - 600,000land
claims – 80 million acres
5. Native American vs. New Settlers
• Great Plains: area
of land between
Mississippi River and
Rocky Mountains.
– Natives deemed
settlers as invaders
– Sacred land invaded
– Indians were nomads
• Move from place to
place…why?
– Food, survival,
buffalo
6. Buffalo
• Meat (some dried for
winter)
• Hides – teppes and
clothing
• Sinew (muscle, tendon,
ligament) made into
thread, bowstring
• Bones- tools, horns for
eating utensils
• Dried dung- fuel
• Rough side of tongue-
hairbrush
• Hunted only what they need
• disturb land and creatures as
little as possible
– any wasteful or harmful use of
environment upset vision of
balanced world
7. Sand Creek Massacre- 1864
(Colorado)• Gold was found
• Natives forced to
live in a barren
land raided nearby
trails for food
– Gen. Curtis
telegram colonel
John Chivington
“no peace, kill
and scalp, all big
and little” (wants
revenge for the
death of his family)
– attacked sleeping
village- 450 died
(mostly women and
children- mutilated
bodies)
• after government
promise protection
8. Battle of the Hundred
Slain (Fetterman
Massacre) 1866
• Government
promise land in
Colorado to the
Indians forever
– government needed
to build a road
through Indian lands
(Bozeman Trail)
– soldiers continue to
build forts on the trail
9. Chief Red
Cloud
• appealed to government-
failed
• Cheyenne, Arapaho and
Sioux began guerrilla
warfare (small bands of
surprise raids to harass
troops)
• Sioux ambush and
surrounded soldiers killing
all 82 of them
• Indians agreed to live in
reservation (public land set
aside for Natives)
• (promise protection and
supplies- mostly arrives
late, insufficient and poor
quality)
10. Battle of the Little
Big Horn 1876
news of gold forced them out
again
(Red Cloud and Spotted Tail
appealed to government- failed)
Gen. George Armstrong Custer
led 265 men against 1,500
warriors
Several mistakes:
– Custer was warned by Indian
scouts
– Underestimate number of warriors
– His men and horses exhausted
– Split up regiment
– Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, Rain in
the Face led the Sioux-
– Custer was killed and 2,500 of his
men within 20 min. that angered
many American demanded
revenge
– 1876- Crazy Horse captured-
Sioux surrendered (died in jail)
– Sitting Bull became an attraction
(William F. Cody “Buffalo Bill” Wild
West Show)
11. Vanishing
Buffalo
• Buffalo was part of
Indian culture
• thousands were
slaughtered to provide
food for railroad crew
• buffalo hunting became
sport
• hunters shot buffalo by
thousands (Buffalo Bill
killed 4,300/8mnth
• merchants discovered
thriving market for
buffalo hides
– decrease from 13
million few hundreds
by 1900
– Plain Indians could not
support themselves
– Depended on
government for food
– Most money went to
the pockets of the
corrupt politician
Please do
not hunt
me!
12. Dawes Act 1887
to break up traditional
tribe
Bring Indians into
American life
“Americanization”
• Set up school for
Indian children to
teach them “American
way”
• Game them plot of
land, but many white
settlers cheated them
out of it
Assimilation:
– attempt in which one
society becomes a part
of another, more
dominant society by
adopting its culture
13. Wounded Knee
(S. Dakota)
1890some Indians resisted the
Americanization
Sioux practiced traditional dance
“Ghost Dance”
sacred ritual – to call buffalo back
misinterpreted as a call to war
– summoned troops to put a stop to
it
– arrested several hundred of group
of Indians, in confusion someone
fired a shot accidentally- troops
turned their machine gun in the
defenseless Indians
– 300 men, women, children
killed
– symbol of the sad fate of the
Indian people and its
vanishing culture
14. Chapter 13 Section 1
Workbook- Questions and
Answers
1. How did the discovery of gold affect the
settlement of the West? (page 410 top
paragraph.)
16. Quiz Ch 13 S1
1. Policy to Americanize the Natives
2. Sacred rituals of the Natives to call on their ancestors to bring back their
way of life
3. Event where 400 sleeping members of a tribe where massacre by John
Chivington for revenge
4. Two things Buffalo were used by the Natives
5. Free land of 160 acres given to anyone who were willing to farm it for 5
years
6. Battle where. Gen. Custer made several mistakes and cost him his life
7. Event where troops mistaken it as a call for war killing 300
8. Attempt in which one society becomes part of another dominant society
9. Event where natives killed 82 troops in Bozeman Trail
10. Public land set aside for natives
BONUS:
1. Two reason for vanishing buffalo
2. What is the region between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountain
3. Chief that led the killing of 82 troops
17. Exodusters-thousands of African American migrating fromExodusters-thousands of African American migrating from
South to Great PlainsSouth to Great Plains
18. Hardships• Lived in soddy
– Homes made of sod:
grass, root and dirt.
($3.00)
• Livable homestead
cost ($1000)
• Difficulty farming for
five years to claim
land
• Bugs:
– grasshoppers, locusts
• ate wheat, rye
barley fields
– mosquitos
• Carried disease
• Drought
– Reduced land
productivity
19. Land Use: As Buffalo disappear, cattle willLand Use: As Buffalo disappear, cattle will
flourishflourish
20. 20
OPEN RANGE- the
areas of public domain
north of Texas where more
than 5,000,000 cattle were
driven to fatten and be
shipped off to slaughter.
In response to the need for
meat, ranchers began
rounding up the herds of
longhorns (breed of
sturdy, long horn cattle).
They drove the herds
hundreds of miles called
long drives (overland
transport).
Ranchers employed
cowhands to tend the
cattle and drive the herds
to the market.
Their job was to keep the
cattle moving and round
of strays.
21. The Cattle Trails
• Chisholm
Trail- major
cattle route
from San
Antonio,
Texas to
Oklahoma to
Kansas
22. Life of a CowboyLife of a Cowboy
• Cowboys or “buckaroo”
(vaqueros)- skilled riders who
herded cattle on ranches
• Wear chaps (chaparreras ) or
leather overall
• Eats “jerky” (charqui) or dried
strips of meat
• Bronco caballo or rough or wild
horse now known as bronco
• Mestenos (strays) same
Mustangs that American tame
• Ranch (rancho)
• Corral and rodeo were also
borrowed from Spanish
23. 23
ranchers put up fences in their fieldsranchers put up fences in their fields
with barbed wirewith barbed wire. As more farmers. As more farmers
strung barbed wire,strung barbed wire, the open rangethe open range
began to disappear.began to disappear. Bad weatherBad weather
ended the cattle kingdom herdsended the cattle kingdom herds. The. The
bitter cold of the next winter killedbitter cold of the next winter killed
millions of cattle. By the spring ofmillions of cattle. By the spring of
1887, nine out of ten cattle have frozen1887, nine out of ten cattle have frozen
to death.to death.
24.
25. Legendary Female WesternLegendary Female Western
CharactersCharacters
Calamity JaneCalamity Jane
Expert shooterExpert shooter
Annie OakleyAnnie Oakley
26. Prospecting- act of searching for goldProspecting- act of searching for gold
27. 27
Many Americans wereMany Americans were
lured to the West by thelured to the West by the
chance to strike it rich bychance to strike it rich by
mining gold and silver.mining gold and silver.
The Western MiningThe Western Mining
boom had begun with theboom had begun with the
CaliforniaCalifornia Gold RushGold Rush ofof
1849.1849.
Gold or silver StrikeGold or silver Strike
28. 28
In 1859, two young prospectors struck gold in the
Sierra Nevada lands. Henry Comstock discovered a
vein of gold called a lode.
The Comstock Lode attracted thousands of prospectors.
29. 29
Thousands of people cameThousands of people came
West to supply the minersWest to supply the miners
with materials such as tools,with materials such as tools,
food, and clothing. Peoplefood, and clothing. People
opened restaurants, boardingopened restaurants, boarding
houses, laundries, etc.houses, laundries, etc.
• Miners arrive, tent citiesMiners arrive, tent cities
formed,formed,
• later became towns and cities.later became towns and cities.
• Mining boomMining boom
30. 30
When the gold was gone the city’s turnedWhen the gold was gone the city’s turned
intointo ghost townsghost towns. A. A ghost town was anwas an
abandoned town.abandoned town.
33. 33
What does this political cartoon tell you about the Populist Party?
34. 34
At the end of 1896,
the Populist Party
broke up and
William McKinley
became the new
President.
President William McKinley
35. 35
To the Indians, the railroad was a terrifying
monster, an “iron horse” letting out black smoke
and moving at stunning speeds.
The Railroads
36. 36
As cities grew the
Federal Government
encouraged railroad
building in the West.
During the Civil War,
Congress loaned money
to the railroad
companies. The
railroad companies built
railroads to connect the
East and the West.
37. 37
In 1863, two companies began the race to build
the first transcontinental railroad. They were
called the Central Pacific and Union Pacific
Railroad. The Transcontinental Railroad
was a railroad that stretched across the
from the east coast to west coast.
38. 38
Both companies building the railroad had trouble
getting workers. Labor was scarce, backbreaking, and
dangerous. The pay was also very low. Many of the
railroad companies used immigrant workers to build the
railroad. The railroad used thousands of workers from
China, Ireland, Mexico, and Africa. Many workers
were killed by snow storms and avalanches.
39. 39
The Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad met at
Promontory Point on May 10, 1869. They hammered a golden
spike into the rail that joined the 2 tracks. People in the
country celebrated the goals achieved by the two railroads.
Before long other major railroad lines will link to the West and
East. Soon wherever rail lines went, towns and cities spring up
all along the tracks.
The Transcontinental Railroad. The golden spike