The document provides tips and tricks for USB client drivers, covering topics like:
- USB transfer sizes and types
- Device configuration
- Working with isochronous transfers
- Common USB errors and debugging tips
- Composite device limitations
- USB power management
It discusses issues like maximum transfer sizes, using the USBD_START_ISO_TRANSFER_ASAP flag, resetting ports and pipes, and signaling device idle for selective suspend. Recommendations are provided for error handling, power management compliance, and limitations of composite device support.
The document discusses Universal Flash Storage (UFS), the next generation mobile storage interface that will succeed eMMC. UFS utilizes MIPI M-PHY and Unipro standards and supports SCSI commands. It provides higher performance than eMMC through features like asynchronous command execution, command queuing, and support for multiple lanes. The document outlines UFS performance specifications, architecture, and compares it to alternatives like eMMC and SATA. It also discusses Samsung's UFS development timeline and test framework to validate UFS host and device functionality.
Kernel Features for Reducing Power Consumption on Embedded DevicesRyo Jin
This document discusses various techniques for reducing energy consumption on mobile devices using the Linux kernel. It focuses on ARM architecture and Samsung's Exynos System-on-Chip. Key techniques discussed include CPU frequency scaling (CPUfreq), putting components into low power states via runtime power management, utilizing deeper CPU idle states, and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for other devices (Devfreq). Measurements demonstrate energy savings from each technique, with the largest savings coming from combined use of CPU idle states, powering off idle CPU cores, and Devfreq.
eMMC 5.0 is the latest generation of embedded NAND Flash IP. Arasan provides a complete solution including digital controllers for host and device, the mixed PHY I/O and pads, software drivers, hardware validation and support.
Q2.12: Idling ARMs in a busy world: Linux Power Management for ARM Multiclust...Linaro
This document discusses power management for ARM multi-cluster systems in Linux. It describes the need for common power management code in the kernel to handle saving and restoring CPU and cluster state. It outlines the ARM common power management code components, including CPU PM notifiers, local timer handling, and CPU suspend/resume functionality. It also discusses challenges such as cache-to-cache migration during the suspend process.
This document discusses power management techniques in Linux including power modes, the Linux power management framework, and examples of implementing common power management components like CPU idle states, CPU frequency scaling, CPU DVFS, regulator framework, CPU hotplug, memory DVFS, suspend, and hibernate. It provides code examples to configure and view the status of these components.
The document discusses router components, boot sequence, IOS, CLI, and configuration. Key components include the processor, ROM, RAM, flash memory and NVRAM which enable booting and loading of the operating system and configuration files. The IOS is stored in flash memory and acts as the interface between network devices and users. The CLI allows configuration through commands in different modes and includes features like help, history, and editing commands.
This document provides an overview of device passthrough in ACRN. It discusses how device passthrough provides near-native performance by allowing direct access to devices but limits access to single VMs. It describes how ACRN utilizes DMA remapping and interrupt remapping to virtualize device access while maintaining isolation. Code handling is outlined for assigning devices, handling interrupts, and virtualizing ACPI. Limitations discussed include driver dependencies, reset handling, and interrupt programming. New device support requires testing functionality and dependencies in the hypervisor.
VDCF is a management tool for virtualizing and monitoring Solaris environments. It allows centralized installation, operation, migration, monitoring, security, hardening and disaster recovery of Solaris zones, LDoms, and bare metal servers. VDCF provides simplicity, standardization, and high availability for private clouds. It has been in production use since 2006 to virtualize and manage Solaris environments.
The document discusses Universal Flash Storage (UFS), the next generation mobile storage interface that will succeed eMMC. UFS utilizes MIPI M-PHY and Unipro standards and supports SCSI commands. It provides higher performance than eMMC through features like asynchronous command execution, command queuing, and support for multiple lanes. The document outlines UFS performance specifications, architecture, and compares it to alternatives like eMMC and SATA. It also discusses Samsung's UFS development timeline and test framework to validate UFS host and device functionality.
Kernel Features for Reducing Power Consumption on Embedded DevicesRyo Jin
This document discusses various techniques for reducing energy consumption on mobile devices using the Linux kernel. It focuses on ARM architecture and Samsung's Exynos System-on-Chip. Key techniques discussed include CPU frequency scaling (CPUfreq), putting components into low power states via runtime power management, utilizing deeper CPU idle states, and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for other devices (Devfreq). Measurements demonstrate energy savings from each technique, with the largest savings coming from combined use of CPU idle states, powering off idle CPU cores, and Devfreq.
eMMC 5.0 is the latest generation of embedded NAND Flash IP. Arasan provides a complete solution including digital controllers for host and device, the mixed PHY I/O and pads, software drivers, hardware validation and support.
Q2.12: Idling ARMs in a busy world: Linux Power Management for ARM Multiclust...Linaro
This document discusses power management for ARM multi-cluster systems in Linux. It describes the need for common power management code in the kernel to handle saving and restoring CPU and cluster state. It outlines the ARM common power management code components, including CPU PM notifiers, local timer handling, and CPU suspend/resume functionality. It also discusses challenges such as cache-to-cache migration during the suspend process.
This document discusses power management techniques in Linux including power modes, the Linux power management framework, and examples of implementing common power management components like CPU idle states, CPU frequency scaling, CPU DVFS, regulator framework, CPU hotplug, memory DVFS, suspend, and hibernate. It provides code examples to configure and view the status of these components.
The document discusses router components, boot sequence, IOS, CLI, and configuration. Key components include the processor, ROM, RAM, flash memory and NVRAM which enable booting and loading of the operating system and configuration files. The IOS is stored in flash memory and acts as the interface between network devices and users. The CLI allows configuration through commands in different modes and includes features like help, history, and editing commands.
This document provides an overview of device passthrough in ACRN. It discusses how device passthrough provides near-native performance by allowing direct access to devices but limits access to single VMs. It describes how ACRN utilizes DMA remapping and interrupt remapping to virtualize device access while maintaining isolation. Code handling is outlined for assigning devices, handling interrupts, and virtualizing ACPI. Limitations discussed include driver dependencies, reset handling, and interrupt programming. New device support requires testing functionality and dependencies in the hypervisor.
VDCF is a management tool for virtualizing and monitoring Solaris environments. It allows centralized installation, operation, migration, monitoring, security, hardening and disaster recovery of Solaris zones, LDoms, and bare metal servers. VDCF provides simplicity, standardization, and high availability for private clouds. It has been in production use since 2006 to virtualize and manage Solaris environments.
HKG15-505: Power Management interactions with OP-TEE and Trusted FirmwareLinaro
HKG15-505: Power Management interactions with OP-TEE and Trusted Firmware
---------------------------------------------------
Speaker: Jorge Ramirez-Ortiz
Date: February 13, 2015
---------------------------------------------------
★ Session Summary ★
[Note: this is a joint Security/Power Management session) Understand what use cases related to Power Management have to interact with Trusted Firmware via Secure calls. Walk through some key use cases like CPU Suspend and explain how PM Linux drivers interacts with Trusted Firmware / PSCI
--------------------------------------------------
★ Resources ★
Pathable: https://hkg15.pathable.com/meetings/250855
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ2ITjHZY4s
Etherpad: http://pad.linaro.org/p/hkg15-505
---------------------------------------------------
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect Hong Kong 2015 - #HKG15
February 9-13th, 2015
Regal Airport Hotel Hong Kong Airport
---------------------------------------------------
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
This document discusses SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization), which allows a PCIe device to appear as multiple separate devices. It describes how SR-IOV works by introducing physical functions and virtual functions. It then outlines the steps to enable SR-IOV on a Xen hypervisor, including configuring the network device, enabling virtual functions, binding VFs to the pciback driver, and assigning VFs to guest VMs. Reference links are also provided for additional information on SR-IOV and its implementation in Xen.
SFO15-502: Using generic cpuidle framework for ARM/ARM64 in your driverLinaro
SFO15-502: Using generic cpuidle framework for ARM/ARM64 in your driver
Speaker: Daniel Lezcano
Date: September 25, 2015
★ Session Description ★
With the new generic cpuidle framework for ARM/ARM64, it is much easier to write your platform-specific driver. Learn how in this tutorial.
★ Resources ★
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoydE3nG2e8
Presentation: http://www.slideshare.net/linaroorg/sfo15502-using-generic-cpuidle-framework-for-armarm64-in-your-driver
Etherpad: pad.linaro.org/p/sfo15-502
Pathable: https://sfo15.pathable.com/meetings/303093
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect San Francisco 2015 - #SFO15
September 21-25, 2015
Hyatt Regency Hotel
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
SR-IOV and Virtio are virtualization technologies for network performance. SR-IOV provides direct hardware access for better performance, especially when traffic moves between compute nodes. Virtio relies on the hypervisor but can perform equally well with local traffic between VMs on the same node. Tests showed SR-IOV was 10-15% faster than Virtio for external traffic, but they were comparable when VMs communicated locally. System tuning may further optimize performance.
Linux provides a common mailbox framework for communication between controller and client drivers. The framework includes mailbox_controller and mailbox_client header files. Several device drivers implement this framework for communication with hardware mailboxes, including drivers for ARM MHU, Broadcom, Altera, STMicro, and TI mailboxes. The mailbox framework supports synchronous and asynchronous message notification and defines mailbox channel operations for sending/receiving data and initializing/shutting down channels. ARM's SCPI protocol is commonly used with the mailbox framework for communication between application and system control processors over an MHU. The Linux kernel documentation describes supporting the SCPI protocol via the mailbox framework and device tree bindings.
This document provides an overview of managing Cisco IOS, including the router boot sequence, locating the IOS software, configuration register settings, recovering passwords, backing up and restoring the IOS, backing up and restoring router configurations, and Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP). The router boot sequence involves POST, loading the IOS software from flash, and loading the startup-config from NVRAM. The configuration register controls how the router boots. Passwords can be recovered by changing this register. The IOS and configurations can be backed up to FTP/TFTP and restored. CDP is used to gather hardware and protocol info about neighboring devices.
BKK16-317 How to generate power models for EAS and IPALinaro
Generating a specific power model for the platform is a pre-requirement for delpoying EAS and IPA. This makes understanding power models and how to generate parameters for them a useful skill. In this session we demonstrate how to use workload automation to gather power data from a board. We will then describe how to derive rough values for the EAS and IPA power models using nothing but this easily observable data. We will not rely on any information provided by OEM or SoC vendor.
This document compares PELT and window-based load tracking approaches and evaluates their performance when used with EAS on an SMP multi-cluster system. It finds that window-based tracking ramps up and down CPU load faster than PELT, providing more responsive frequency scaling. Benchmarks show improvements in browser and photo editing workloads of up to 15% in performance or comparable power with window-based tracking. EAS combined with window tracking may require less boosting and provide better workload spreading across clusters.
ACRN vMeet-Up EU 2021 - Boot Process and Secure BootProject ACRN
The document discusses the boot process and secure boot in ACRN. It covers bootloaders like GRUB and Slim Bootloader that support the Multiboot protocol. It explains the differences between Multiboot and Multiboot2 specifications. It describes the hypervisor and VM boot sequence in ACRN. It also covers the ACRN boot components like the hypervisor binary and VM modules. Finally, it discusses secure boot sequences using SBL or UEFI/GRUB and the development of booting directly from UEFI without GRUB.
Project ACRN CPU sharing BVT scheduler in ACRN hypervisorProject ACRN
This document describes the Borrowed Virtual Time (BVT) scheduler algorithm implemented in the ACRN hypervisor. BVT aims to provide weighted fair sharing of CPU resources across VMs while prioritizing latency-sensitive workloads. It tracks an effective virtual time for each VM and dispatches the VM with the earliest time. Latency threads can "warp" back in time. BVT is evaluated against the IORR scheduler in ACRN across CPU throughput, I/O throughput and latency tests, showing BVT provides more fair sharing and higher performance. The BVT implementation consists of 302 lines of code in the acrn-hypervisor.
PfSense is an open source firewall software that provides features similar to commercial firewalls. It can be installed on Hacom hardware, which typically have Realtek or Intel network interfaces. To set up PfSense, connect a monitor and keyboard during initial boot up to configure the network interfaces. The web administration interface can then be accessed through the LAN IP address. Firmware updates are also described. Technical support is available from Hacom.
This document discusses the different types of memory used in routers and how they function. RAM is used to run the IOS and hold routing tables and packet buffers. ROM contains the bootstrap and POST programs to start the router. NVRAM stores the configuration register and configuration files. Flash stores the IOS by default. The configuration register controls how the router boots. CDP is used to synchronize time and collect information about neighboring devices.
LCU14 302- How to port OP-TEE to another platformLinaro
This document describes how to port the open source Trusted Execution Environment (OP-TEE) to a new platform. It involves cloning the existing platform code, modifying compiler and linker options, configuring platform-specific settings, updating memory mappings, and initializing platform-specific components. The document provides details on each of these porting steps and recommends OP-TEE documentation resources.
ACRN vMeet-Up EU 2021 - debug ACRN hypervisorProject ACRN
This document discusses various methods for debugging ACRN and guests running on ACRN. It describes using JTAG and the serial port for hypervisor debugging. For guest debugging, it mentions emulating a serial port, examining vmexit information, and using hypervisor commands. Post-launch guest debugging involves tools in the Service OS like strace and gdb communicating through acrn-dm. Overall debugging depends heavily on the serial port with limited direct hardware access for guests.
This document discusses SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization) in ACRN. It begins with an introduction to SR-IOV, describing how it allows PCIe devices to be isolated and have near bare-metal performance through the use of Physical Functions (PFs) and Virtual Functions (VFs). It then outlines the SR-IOV architecture in ACRN, including how it detects and initializes SR-IOV devices, assigns VFs to VMs, and manages the lifecycle of VFs. Finally, it provides an agenda for an SR-IOV demo using an Intel 82576 NIC and concludes with a Q&A section.
This document provides an overview of debugging tools and capabilities for the ACRN hypervisor. It discusses the ACRN hypervisor log (hvlog) and trace tools, as well as logging and debugging options for the Service OS (SOS Linux) including kernel logs, user space loggers, and gdb. Debugging options for User OSs (UOSs) are also covered, which depend on the specific UOS. Finally, some miscellaneous debugging tools are mentioned like platform tracing and JTAG tools.
This document discusses the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) communication protocol. It explains that UART is an asynchronous serial communication protocol commonly used for communication between microcontrollers and peripheral devices. It operates by framing data bits with start and stop bits across two or more wires. The document covers UART fundamentals like frame formatting, transmission and reception of data, baud rate calculation, and differences between UART and Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (USART). It also provides block diagrams of the UART module and examples of configuring baud rates on microcontrollers.
BKK16-TR08 How to generate power models for EAS and IPALinaro
Generating a specific power model for the platform is a pre-requirement for delpoying EAS and IPA. This makes understanding power models and how to generate parameters for them a useful skill. In this session we demonstrate how to use workload automation to gather power data from a board. We will then describe how to derive rough values for the EAS and IPA power models using nothing but this easily observable data. We will not rely on any information provided by OEM or SoC vendor.
Lists in Java allow ordered collections that permit duplicates. There are two main List implementations: LinkedList provides faster insertion/deletion while ArrayList provides faster random access. The List interface extends the Collection interface and adds methods for positional access and searching. Iterators can traverse Lists forward or backward. SubLists allow manipulating a range of elements in a List.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help relax the body and lift the mood.
HKG15-505: Power Management interactions with OP-TEE and Trusted FirmwareLinaro
HKG15-505: Power Management interactions with OP-TEE and Trusted Firmware
---------------------------------------------------
Speaker: Jorge Ramirez-Ortiz
Date: February 13, 2015
---------------------------------------------------
★ Session Summary ★
[Note: this is a joint Security/Power Management session) Understand what use cases related to Power Management have to interact with Trusted Firmware via Secure calls. Walk through some key use cases like CPU Suspend and explain how PM Linux drivers interacts with Trusted Firmware / PSCI
--------------------------------------------------
★ Resources ★
Pathable: https://hkg15.pathable.com/meetings/250855
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ2ITjHZY4s
Etherpad: http://pad.linaro.org/p/hkg15-505
---------------------------------------------------
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect Hong Kong 2015 - #HKG15
February 9-13th, 2015
Regal Airport Hotel Hong Kong Airport
---------------------------------------------------
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
This document discusses SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization), which allows a PCIe device to appear as multiple separate devices. It describes how SR-IOV works by introducing physical functions and virtual functions. It then outlines the steps to enable SR-IOV on a Xen hypervisor, including configuring the network device, enabling virtual functions, binding VFs to the pciback driver, and assigning VFs to guest VMs. Reference links are also provided for additional information on SR-IOV and its implementation in Xen.
SFO15-502: Using generic cpuidle framework for ARM/ARM64 in your driverLinaro
SFO15-502: Using generic cpuidle framework for ARM/ARM64 in your driver
Speaker: Daniel Lezcano
Date: September 25, 2015
★ Session Description ★
With the new generic cpuidle framework for ARM/ARM64, it is much easier to write your platform-specific driver. Learn how in this tutorial.
★ Resources ★
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoydE3nG2e8
Presentation: http://www.slideshare.net/linaroorg/sfo15502-using-generic-cpuidle-framework-for-armarm64-in-your-driver
Etherpad: pad.linaro.org/p/sfo15-502
Pathable: https://sfo15.pathable.com/meetings/303093
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect San Francisco 2015 - #SFO15
September 21-25, 2015
Hyatt Regency Hotel
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
SR-IOV and Virtio are virtualization technologies for network performance. SR-IOV provides direct hardware access for better performance, especially when traffic moves between compute nodes. Virtio relies on the hypervisor but can perform equally well with local traffic between VMs on the same node. Tests showed SR-IOV was 10-15% faster than Virtio for external traffic, but they were comparable when VMs communicated locally. System tuning may further optimize performance.
Linux provides a common mailbox framework for communication between controller and client drivers. The framework includes mailbox_controller and mailbox_client header files. Several device drivers implement this framework for communication with hardware mailboxes, including drivers for ARM MHU, Broadcom, Altera, STMicro, and TI mailboxes. The mailbox framework supports synchronous and asynchronous message notification and defines mailbox channel operations for sending/receiving data and initializing/shutting down channels. ARM's SCPI protocol is commonly used with the mailbox framework for communication between application and system control processors over an MHU. The Linux kernel documentation describes supporting the SCPI protocol via the mailbox framework and device tree bindings.
This document provides an overview of managing Cisco IOS, including the router boot sequence, locating the IOS software, configuration register settings, recovering passwords, backing up and restoring the IOS, backing up and restoring router configurations, and Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP). The router boot sequence involves POST, loading the IOS software from flash, and loading the startup-config from NVRAM. The configuration register controls how the router boots. Passwords can be recovered by changing this register. The IOS and configurations can be backed up to FTP/TFTP and restored. CDP is used to gather hardware and protocol info about neighboring devices.
BKK16-317 How to generate power models for EAS and IPALinaro
Generating a specific power model for the platform is a pre-requirement for delpoying EAS and IPA. This makes understanding power models and how to generate parameters for them a useful skill. In this session we demonstrate how to use workload automation to gather power data from a board. We will then describe how to derive rough values for the EAS and IPA power models using nothing but this easily observable data. We will not rely on any information provided by OEM or SoC vendor.
This document compares PELT and window-based load tracking approaches and evaluates their performance when used with EAS on an SMP multi-cluster system. It finds that window-based tracking ramps up and down CPU load faster than PELT, providing more responsive frequency scaling. Benchmarks show improvements in browser and photo editing workloads of up to 15% in performance or comparable power with window-based tracking. EAS combined with window tracking may require less boosting and provide better workload spreading across clusters.
ACRN vMeet-Up EU 2021 - Boot Process and Secure BootProject ACRN
The document discusses the boot process and secure boot in ACRN. It covers bootloaders like GRUB and Slim Bootloader that support the Multiboot protocol. It explains the differences between Multiboot and Multiboot2 specifications. It describes the hypervisor and VM boot sequence in ACRN. It also covers the ACRN boot components like the hypervisor binary and VM modules. Finally, it discusses secure boot sequences using SBL or UEFI/GRUB and the development of booting directly from UEFI without GRUB.
Project ACRN CPU sharing BVT scheduler in ACRN hypervisorProject ACRN
This document describes the Borrowed Virtual Time (BVT) scheduler algorithm implemented in the ACRN hypervisor. BVT aims to provide weighted fair sharing of CPU resources across VMs while prioritizing latency-sensitive workloads. It tracks an effective virtual time for each VM and dispatches the VM with the earliest time. Latency threads can "warp" back in time. BVT is evaluated against the IORR scheduler in ACRN across CPU throughput, I/O throughput and latency tests, showing BVT provides more fair sharing and higher performance. The BVT implementation consists of 302 lines of code in the acrn-hypervisor.
PfSense is an open source firewall software that provides features similar to commercial firewalls. It can be installed on Hacom hardware, which typically have Realtek or Intel network interfaces. To set up PfSense, connect a monitor and keyboard during initial boot up to configure the network interfaces. The web administration interface can then be accessed through the LAN IP address. Firmware updates are also described. Technical support is available from Hacom.
This document discusses the different types of memory used in routers and how they function. RAM is used to run the IOS and hold routing tables and packet buffers. ROM contains the bootstrap and POST programs to start the router. NVRAM stores the configuration register and configuration files. Flash stores the IOS by default. The configuration register controls how the router boots. CDP is used to synchronize time and collect information about neighboring devices.
LCU14 302- How to port OP-TEE to another platformLinaro
This document describes how to port the open source Trusted Execution Environment (OP-TEE) to a new platform. It involves cloning the existing platform code, modifying compiler and linker options, configuring platform-specific settings, updating memory mappings, and initializing platform-specific components. The document provides details on each of these porting steps and recommends OP-TEE documentation resources.
ACRN vMeet-Up EU 2021 - debug ACRN hypervisorProject ACRN
This document discusses various methods for debugging ACRN and guests running on ACRN. It describes using JTAG and the serial port for hypervisor debugging. For guest debugging, it mentions emulating a serial port, examining vmexit information, and using hypervisor commands. Post-launch guest debugging involves tools in the Service OS like strace and gdb communicating through acrn-dm. Overall debugging depends heavily on the serial port with limited direct hardware access for guests.
This document discusses SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization) in ACRN. It begins with an introduction to SR-IOV, describing how it allows PCIe devices to be isolated and have near bare-metal performance through the use of Physical Functions (PFs) and Virtual Functions (VFs). It then outlines the SR-IOV architecture in ACRN, including how it detects and initializes SR-IOV devices, assigns VFs to VMs, and manages the lifecycle of VFs. Finally, it provides an agenda for an SR-IOV demo using an Intel 82576 NIC and concludes with a Q&A section.
This document provides an overview of debugging tools and capabilities for the ACRN hypervisor. It discusses the ACRN hypervisor log (hvlog) and trace tools, as well as logging and debugging options for the Service OS (SOS Linux) including kernel logs, user space loggers, and gdb. Debugging options for User OSs (UOSs) are also covered, which depend on the specific UOS. Finally, some miscellaneous debugging tools are mentioned like platform tracing and JTAG tools.
This document discusses the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) communication protocol. It explains that UART is an asynchronous serial communication protocol commonly used for communication between microcontrollers and peripheral devices. It operates by framing data bits with start and stop bits across two or more wires. The document covers UART fundamentals like frame formatting, transmission and reception of data, baud rate calculation, and differences between UART and Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (USART). It also provides block diagrams of the UART module and examples of configuring baud rates on microcontrollers.
BKK16-TR08 How to generate power models for EAS and IPALinaro
Generating a specific power model for the platform is a pre-requirement for delpoying EAS and IPA. This makes understanding power models and how to generate parameters for them a useful skill. In this session we demonstrate how to use workload automation to gather power data from a board. We will then describe how to derive rough values for the EAS and IPA power models using nothing but this easily observable data. We will not rely on any information provided by OEM or SoC vendor.
Lists in Java allow ordered collections that permit duplicates. There are two main List implementations: LinkedList provides faster insertion/deletion while ArrayList provides faster random access. The List interface extends the Collection interface and adds methods for positional access and searching. Iterators can traverse Lists forward or backward. SubLists allow manipulating a range of elements in a List.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help relax the body and lift the mood.
This document provides an introduction to using Oracle Business Intelligence Discoverer to retrieve and analyze data from the Air Quality System (AQS) database. It explains that Discoverer allows registered AQS users to access the live AQS production database at no cost through a web-based Java application. The document demonstrates how to connect to Discoverer, build workbooks to query the AQS data, modify and view results, and export them to a spreadsheet. It also lists the system requirements and provides tips for using Discoverer effectively.
The document discusses key variables that web designers must consider when building websites, including the limitations of HTML, how XML and XHTML aim to improve upon HTML, how different browsers can affect page display, and factors like screen resolution and connection speed that impact users' browsing experiences. Designers are advised to test their sites across multiple browsers, resolutions, and connection speeds to ensure wide accessibility and performance.
A recent email attack infected over 100 computers at K-State University using malicious attachments disguised as shipping notices, ecards, and social media invitations. The new malware variant went undetected by Trend Micro's antivirus software. After the university submitted samples to Trend Micro, pattern files were created within a day to detect the malware. The email attack was effective because it used familiar services, enticing subjects, and hidden executable files. To prevent future attacks, the university plans to test upgrading to Trend Micro OfficeScan 10 for its improved protection and submit malware samples more quickly. They will also switch antivirus software for Macs to the new Trend Micro Security for Macs product later in the fall.
DNA exists in a double-helical structure, with two anti-parallel strands bound together through hydrogen bonding between complementary nucleotide base pairs. The most common form is B-DNA, which is a right-handed double helix with 10 base pairs per turn. DNA structure and stability are maintained through base pairing, base stacking interactions, sugar-phosphate backbone conformations, and ionic interactions with cations like magnesium. The topology and supercoiling of DNA allow for its compact organization in the cell and play important roles in processes like DNA replication and transcription.
This document provides an overview of a training course on system and network security for Windows 2003/XP/2000. It discusses what the course will cover, including the native security features of these Windows operating systems, how to lock down and secure Windows systems, and vulnerabilities and countermeasures. It also summarizes new and modified security features in Windows Server 2003 such as the Common Language Runtime, Internet Connection Firewall, account behavior changes, and enhancements to Encrypted File System, IPSec, authorization manager, and IIS 6.0.
This document provides an overview of maintaining Windows 2000/XP systems, including installing hardware and applications, preparing hard drives, solving hardware problems, installing and supporting applications, and protecting system files. Key points covered include administrator privileges needed for most installations, using device drivers written for the operating system, installing devices using the Found New Hardware Wizard, partitioning and formatting hard drives using Disk Management, updating and rolling back drivers, and backing up the system state or individual registry keys.
This document discusses tips for improving performance and scalability in ArcIMS 4. It recommends tuning data, AXLs, and viewers to optimize performance. It also explains that multiple ArcIMS instances may be needed to handle high volumes of simultaneous requests, and provides guidelines for determining the appropriate number of instances and machines based on estimated requests per day and per second.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
This document discusses upgrading from Windows 2000 to Windows 2003. It outlines the benefits of upgrading such as improved security and new features. It provides guidance on preparing for the upgrade including taking inventories of clients, domains, and schemas. It describes using ADPrep to prepare the forest and domains. The document discusses post-installation tasks such as verifying the new domain controller and functional levels. It aims to provide best practices for a smooth upgrade process.
Swine flu, also known as H1N1, is a strain of influenza virus that usually infects pigs but can be transmitted to humans. The 2009 outbreak was caused by a new strain containing genes from swine, avian, and human influenza viruses. Transmission between pigs and from pigs to humans occurs through direct contact or aerosols from coughing/sneezing. Symptoms in humans are similar to seasonal flu. Prevention focuses on vaccination of pigs, protective equipment for workers, handwashing, and antiviral drugs for treatment of infected humans. The document provides information on swine flu strains, transmission, symptoms, treatment options including approved antiviral drugs, and prevention recommendations.
The document discusses Linux USB drivers. It covers USB core drivers which implement the USB bus specification, USB host drivers which are platform dependent, and USB device drivers. It also discusses USB gadget drivers, USB request blocks (URBs) used for asynchronous communication, initializing and submitting URBs, and registering USB drivers in Linux.
The document provides an overview of the OSI model, TCP/IP protocols, Cisco IOS modes, router components, cabling, router management, LAN switching concepts, IP addressing, routing protocols, and IPv6 migration methods. It summarizes key topics for the CCNA exam in 10 sentences or less per section.
One of the most basic networking courses is provided by Cisco Systems via the Cisco Networking Academy.
The academy provides a comprehensive program allowing students to get started in information technology and have multiple certifications.
Cisco created academies in 9,000 learning institutions spread across more than 170 countries that offer the Cisco Networking Academy curriculum.
The Associate level of Cisco Certifications can begin directly with CCNA for network installation, operations and troubleshooting or CCDA for network design. Think of the Associate Level as the foundation level of networking certification.
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AFCIT
http://www.afcit.xyz
YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuewOYbBXH5gwhfOrQOZOdw
Google Plus
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The document provides programming specifications for PIC16F8X microcontroller devices. The devices are programmed using a serial method that allows programming while in the user's system. The programming requires a clock signal on pin RB6, data input/output on pin RB7, and a high voltage on the MCLR pin to enter programming mode. A variety of commands are used to program memory locations, read data, increment addresses, and erase memory. The process involves loading data, programming/erasing locations, and verifying the results.
The document provides troubleshooting tips and techniques for Cisco Data center switches including the Cisco Nexus 7000, Catalyst 6500 VSS, and high CPU utilization issues. It discusses using commands like show processes cpu sorted, debug netdr capture, and show ip cef to troubleshoot traffic flow and switching paths. It also covers troubleshooting software upgrades on the Nexus 7000 and gathering core dumps and logs to debug process crashes.
- Junos software is located on the compact flash by default.
- All platforms running Junos OS use a separate process with protected memory space for each routing protocol.
- The maximum number of configurations recoverable by default using the rollback command is 100.
This document provides instructions for setting up and running an OpenAirInterface (OAI) eNodeB using USRP X310 and USRP B210 hardware:
1. Install dependencies and build OAI with USRP support. Configure eNB parameters and interface settings.
2. Run the eNB executable, specifying the configuration file.
3. Additional steps are provided to build and run an OAI UE, connect to an EPC, and troubleshoot issues.
The document discusses the Cisco Catalyst 6500 series chassis and components. It provides details on the different chassis models, supervisor engines, line cards, and modules available. It also covers features like redundant power supplies, Route Processor Redundancy, EtherChannels, Unidirectional Link Detection, and Flex Links.
This document provides information on advanced root cause analysis techniques for VMware ESX environments. It discusses log file locations and purposes, how to increase logging levels for specific drivers to provide more debug information, listing and setting loadable module parameters, setting up serial logging and remote syslog, and forcing crashes to collect memory dumps. The document aims to equip support engineers with tools and techniques for thorough troubleshooting when initial logs are insufficient.
VMware’s Nathan Small who works as a Staff Engineer at Global Support Services has put together a great presentation about Advanced Root Cause Analysis. The presentation was designed to give you more insight into how a VMware Technical Support Engineer reviews logs, gathers data and performs in-depth analysis. Nathan is hoping to show you the skills they’re using every day to help determine the root cause for an issue in your environment. With this core knowledge, you will become more self-sufficient within your own environment and be able to diagnose an issue as it occurs rather than after the damage has been done.
Routers, switches, hubs, and bridges are networking devices that operate at different layers of the OSI model. Routers operate at layer 3 and use logical IP addresses to route packets between networks. Switches operate at layer 2 and use MAC addresses to segment collision domains and allow for full duplex communication within a broadcast domain. Hubs operate at layer 1 and are used to connect network segments but do not segment collision domains. Bridges are software-based devices that operate at layer 2 and segment broadcast domains but have fewer ports and are slower than switches.
General lab documentation~cisco router configurationsayedatif
The document provides information about Cisco router configuration including:
- Cisco IOS software uses different command modes like user EXEC, privileged EXEC, global configuration, and interface configuration modes to access commands.
- It describes how to configure IP addresses, routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, IGRP, and BGP.
- It also covers getting help, working with configuration files, and monitoring router and link status using LED indicators.
This document discusses different types of loaders used in computer systems. It describes compile and go loaders, which are simple to implement but waste memory and require retranslating programs each time. A general loader scheme is presented that accepts object modules and places machine instructions and data in memory in an executable format, requiring less memory than an assembler. Absolute loaders place programs at prescribed locations, but require specifying addresses and make subroutine linkages difficult. Relocating loaders independently assemble segments, use relocation bits to solve relocation issues, transfer vectors for linking, and length information for allocation, but are not suited for external data and the transfer vector increases size.
Communication & switching networks lab manualMUSAAB HASAN
1) The document describes a lab manual for a networking experiment involving configuring switches and routers.
2) It provides tasks to connect PCs to a switch, change the switch name and interface settings, and configure routing protocols like RIP and OSPF on routers.
3) The tasks are accompanied by explanations of commands needed to complete the configurations on switches and routers.
OAM 3G Network Ericsson discusses operation and maintenance of Ericsson's 3G radio access network. Session 1 covers the OSS, EMAS and other tools used for network operation. Session 2 discusses commissioning radio base stations, replacing modules, backing up network nodes, and upgrading base station capacity. Key tools include OSS, EMAS, element manager and scripts for configuration tasks. Proper planning, tools and procedures are needed for tasks like commissioning, module replacement, backups and hardware upgrades.
This document discusses input/output (I/O) in computer systems. It describes how I/O devices connect to the system bus and exchange data with the processor and memory. There are three main mechanisms for I/O - program-controlled polling, interrupts, and direct memory access (DMA). Interrupts allow devices to signal the processor when data is ready, while DMA allows direct transfer of data between a device and memory without processor involvement. The document outlines the implementation of these different I/O mechanisms.
The document discusses routers and Cisco IOS. It describes how Cisco IOS is the operating system that controls routing and switching functions. It then explains the basic components and functions of routers, including memory components like ROM, RAM, NVRAM and Flash memory. It also discusses router interfaces, bootup sequence, and configuration modes.
This document discusses system organization and input/output device interfaces. It covers several topics:
1. Single bus architecture with memory-mapped I/O and interface circuits to connect devices to the bus.
2. Program-controlled I/O using polling and interrupts to handle asynchronous devices.
3. Direct memory access (DMA) for high-speed transfer of blocks of data between memory and I/O devices.
4. Details of interrupt handling including priorities, nesting, and vectored interrupts.
The document provides an overview of configuring a network operating system using Cisco IOS. It discusses accessing Cisco IOS devices through the console port or remotely using Telnet or SSH. It describes the command line interface and command structure of Cisco IOS, including different modes like privileged EXEC mode, global configuration mode, and interface configuration mode. It also covers setting the hostname, limiting access, saving configurations, and verifying connectivity between devices on the network.