The Pythagorean Theorem and Distance Formula are explained. The Pythagorean Theorem states that for a right triangle, a2 + b2 = c2, where a and b are the legs and c is the hypotenuse. The Distance Formula calculates the distance between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) as √(x1 - x2)2 + (y1 - y2)2. An example of each formula is worked out.