This document is a report on an industrial attachment at Jann Group, a leading Bangladeshi manufacturer and exporter of knitted garments. It discusses the production processes at Jann Group, which include knitting, dyeing, washing, printing, and garment manufacturing. It also covers other departments like marketing, import/export, and merchandising. The objectives of the report are to document the experience for future reference, gain knowledge about the ready-made garment sector, understand commercial and shipping procedures, compare classroom and practical learning, and study Jann Group's manufacturing and quality control processes.
The document provides an overview of the total textile finishing process. It discusses various finishing machines and their functions, including squeezers, slitting machines, stenter machines, tube compactors, open width compactors, and raising machines. It also covers different types of finishing processes like softening, stiffening, antimicrobial finishing, UV protection, fireproofing, and nano-finishing. The document includes machine parameters, process flow charts, and development points for quality control.
This document provides information about the technical package (tech pack) for garment manufacturing. It discusses what a tech pack includes such as fashion flats, color combinations, fabric details, and stitching/construction details. The tech pack contains all specifications needed before production and is prepared by the designer and merchandiser to guide the sampling and bulk manufacturing processes. It aims to communicate all style requirements to ensure proper execution of orders.
This document provides the calculations to determine the daily production rate of a knitting machine given various machine specifications and operating parameters. It first calculates the production rate of a single machine as 4.97 kg/day with 54 feeders. It then scales this up to the total production rate across all feeders of 228.123 kg/day at 85% efficiency. It also provides an alternative calculation method reaching the same result and examples for calculating production rates using different machine specifications.
This document summarizes an experiment calculating the production capacity of a circular knitting machine. It provides equations for calculating the total fabric length, width, and production capacity based on machine parameters like diameter, gauge, speed, and fabric properties like weight and construction. When the equations are applied to a machine with a 23" diameter, 24 gauge, 35 RPM speed, and producing a 160 gsm plain single jersey fabric, the results show a production capacity of 63 meters of fabric per hour that is 1.33 meters wide, for a total production of 13.4 kg per hour or 107.2 kg per shift.
This document provides an overview of the manufacturing process and chemicals used in the denim industry. It discusses the evolution of denim fabric and defines key terms. The manufacturing process involves several steps: warping, indigo dyeing via chemical reduction and oxidation methods, sizing, weaving, and finishing. Various chemicals are used at different stages, including pre-treatment chemicals, dyeing chemicals, sizing agents, printing/coating chemicals, and finishing chemicals. Hazards associated with different chemicals are also reviewed. Process control is important for indigo dyeing quality. The document is a comprehensive reference on denim production and the involved chemicals.
Knitting Technology | Study On Knitting Technology | Sweater/ V-bed Flat Knit...Md Rakibul Hassan
This document discusses knitting technology and the features of V-bed flat knitting machines. It describes two types of knitwear production: cut and sewing, and fully fashioned. Fully fashioned knitwear shapes portions of the garment during knitting by increasing or decreasing loops along the selvedges. A V-bed flat knitting machine has two stationary needle beds and uses latch needles. Different fabrics like single jersey, ribbing, and cardigan stitches can be produced by activating different needle bed cams. Shaping is done through widening by adding needles or narrowing by removing needles to transfer loops.
This document discusses the relationship between gram per square meter (GSM), yarn count, stitch length, and fabric construction. It provides data on the GSM, yarn count, and stitch length of various knit fabrics including single jersey, interlock, rib fabrics, pique, fleece, and more. The conclusion emphasizes that GSM can vary according to yarn count for the same fabric type. Finished GSM, yarn count, and stitch length are interrelated and important specifications for knit fabric production.
This document provides information about Montex Fabrics Ltd, a 100% export oriented composite knit industry in Bangladesh. Some key details:
- The factory was established in 2000 in Gazipur with an investment of 70 crore taka and has certifications including ISO 9001:2000.
- It produces basic t-shirts, sweaters, and other knitwear and garments for export with a production capacity of 7 tons/day for knitting and 70,000 pieces/day for sewing.
- The factory has over 6000 employees across its knitting, dyeing, finishing, printing and other sections. It aims to provide quality products on time to satisfy customers.
The document provides an overview of the total textile finishing process. It discusses various finishing machines and their functions, including squeezers, slitting machines, stenter machines, tube compactors, open width compactors, and raising machines. It also covers different types of finishing processes like softening, stiffening, antimicrobial finishing, UV protection, fireproofing, and nano-finishing. The document includes machine parameters, process flow charts, and development points for quality control.
This document provides information about the technical package (tech pack) for garment manufacturing. It discusses what a tech pack includes such as fashion flats, color combinations, fabric details, and stitching/construction details. The tech pack contains all specifications needed before production and is prepared by the designer and merchandiser to guide the sampling and bulk manufacturing processes. It aims to communicate all style requirements to ensure proper execution of orders.
This document provides the calculations to determine the daily production rate of a knitting machine given various machine specifications and operating parameters. It first calculates the production rate of a single machine as 4.97 kg/day with 54 feeders. It then scales this up to the total production rate across all feeders of 228.123 kg/day at 85% efficiency. It also provides an alternative calculation method reaching the same result and examples for calculating production rates using different machine specifications.
This document summarizes an experiment calculating the production capacity of a circular knitting machine. It provides equations for calculating the total fabric length, width, and production capacity based on machine parameters like diameter, gauge, speed, and fabric properties like weight and construction. When the equations are applied to a machine with a 23" diameter, 24 gauge, 35 RPM speed, and producing a 160 gsm plain single jersey fabric, the results show a production capacity of 63 meters of fabric per hour that is 1.33 meters wide, for a total production of 13.4 kg per hour or 107.2 kg per shift.
This document provides an overview of the manufacturing process and chemicals used in the denim industry. It discusses the evolution of denim fabric and defines key terms. The manufacturing process involves several steps: warping, indigo dyeing via chemical reduction and oxidation methods, sizing, weaving, and finishing. Various chemicals are used at different stages, including pre-treatment chemicals, dyeing chemicals, sizing agents, printing/coating chemicals, and finishing chemicals. Hazards associated with different chemicals are also reviewed. Process control is important for indigo dyeing quality. The document is a comprehensive reference on denim production and the involved chemicals.
Knitting Technology | Study On Knitting Technology | Sweater/ V-bed Flat Knit...Md Rakibul Hassan
This document discusses knitting technology and the features of V-bed flat knitting machines. It describes two types of knitwear production: cut and sewing, and fully fashioned. Fully fashioned knitwear shapes portions of the garment during knitting by increasing or decreasing loops along the selvedges. A V-bed flat knitting machine has two stationary needle beds and uses latch needles. Different fabrics like single jersey, ribbing, and cardigan stitches can be produced by activating different needle bed cams. Shaping is done through widening by adding needles or narrowing by removing needles to transfer loops.
This document discusses the relationship between gram per square meter (GSM), yarn count, stitch length, and fabric construction. It provides data on the GSM, yarn count, and stitch length of various knit fabrics including single jersey, interlock, rib fabrics, pique, fleece, and more. The conclusion emphasizes that GSM can vary according to yarn count for the same fabric type. Finished GSM, yarn count, and stitch length are interrelated and important specifications for knit fabric production.
This document provides information about Montex Fabrics Ltd, a 100% export oriented composite knit industry in Bangladesh. Some key details:
- The factory was established in 2000 in Gazipur with an investment of 70 crore taka and has certifications including ISO 9001:2000.
- It produces basic t-shirts, sweaters, and other knitwear and garments for export with a production capacity of 7 tons/day for knitting and 70,000 pieces/day for sewing.
- The factory has over 6000 employees across its knitting, dyeing, finishing, printing and other sections. It aims to provide quality products on time to satisfy customers.
This document describes an industrial training report for Aman Tex Limited, a knit dyeing and garment manufacturing company in Bangladesh. It includes sections on the company overview, layout, departments, machinery, processes, and raw materials. Some key details:
- Aman Tex is a 100% export-oriented knit composite industry located in Gazipur, Bangladesh. It has various certifications and complies with labor standards.
- The company has different sections for knitting, dyeing, finishing, garments production, maintenance, and administration.
- The knitting section contains various circular, flatbed, and stripe knitting machines from Fukuhara primarily for single jersey, rib, and fle
This document summarizes the differences between feeder stripes, engineering stripes, and auto stripes in knitted fabrics. It explains that:
Feeder stripes are small repeating patterns less than 1.9 inches that can be produced on most circular knitting machines at low cost. Engineering stripes are large non-repeating patterns across the whole garment produced using special finger devices that increase costs. Auto stripes are repeating patterns greater than 1.9 inches that require computers and special finger machines, resulting in higher costs than feeder stripes. The document also discusses when auto stripes are needed over feeder stripes and the invention of multi-feeder machines to reduce auto stripe machine use.
(Over Dyeing) to dye for a second or third time with a different color. Over dyeing is such a rewarding way of rescuing an ugly or unsatisfactory colored cloth. It gives uneven look. sometimes over dyeing doesn’t mean all-time dyeing the garment which is previously dyed. Over dyeing may be normal dyeing or piece dyeing process.
This document provides contact information for Mazadul Hasan sheshir, a student in the 13th batch of the Wet Processing Technology program at Southeast University in Bangladesh. It lists his student ID, email address, and the department and address for Southeast University's Department of Textile Engineering.
This document provides organizational details for the fabrics finishing department of Fariha Knit Tex Ltd, including:
1. An organogram showing the required and existing positions in finishing, with a total workforce of 349 people and a variance of 68 positions.
2. Machine-wise manpower requirements and existing staffing for positions like assistant supervisors, operators, and helpers across various finishing machines.
3. Job responsibilities of the AGM and other managerial staff in the finishing department.
This document discusses a project report submitted by two students, Ariful Islam and Mazadul Hasan, on knit dyeing faults and remedies. The report was submitted to their professor Rajib Shaha at Southeast University to fulfill the requirements for their B.Sc. in Textile Engineering. The report acknowledges the support received from their university, supervising professor, and the management and staff at Knit Concern Ltd. where they completed their industrial training.
This document summarizes scouring and bleaching processes in textiles. Scouring removes impurities like oils, wax and dirt to make materials hydrophilic. Bleaching destroys natural colors to produce a white material. Key points include: scouring uses saponification and emulsification, while bleaching uses hypochlorite or peroxide reactions; continuous processes use a J-box machine and batch processes use a kier boiler; the mechanisms and importance of each process are described.
Production Calculation of Single Jersey Circular Knitting m/c জুবায়ের আহমেদ ত্বহা
The document calculates the production of a single jersey circular knitting machine. It provides details of the machine such as diameter, gauge, speed, and efficiency. Using the course and wale densities, GSM, and machine specifications, it determines the production length per hour is 45.09 meters. It then calculates the total width as 1.08 meters. Finally, it concludes that the production capacity of the machine is 7.79 kilograms per hour.
This document discusses the parts and functions of a circular knitting machine. It outlines 23 main parts of the machine including the creel, pulley belt, tension disk, inlet and outlet stop motion, yarn guide, MPF wheel, MPF, feeder ring, disk drum, pattern wheel, feeder, needle track, needle, sinker, sinker ring, cam box, cam, Lycra attachment device, Lycra stop motion, cylinder, cylinder balancer, and air gun nozzle. It provides a brief description of the purpose and function of several key parts like the creel, VDQ pulley, tension disk, MPF, feeder, needle, and sinker. The objective is to understand how
This document describes an experiment on problems and maintenance of a rib circular knitting machine. It introduces the basic elements of the machine: needles, sinkers, and cams. The objectives are to understand how to set up the basic elements, perform maintenance, and understand their functions. It then describes the machine parts and provides step-by-step procedures for replacing broken needles, sinkers, and defective cams. The conclusion states the experiment teaches about problems, maintenance, and specifications of the rib circular knitting machine.
Merchandising involves matching goods to customer needs through product presentation. A merchandiser converts design inspirations into products that meet consumer demands. Key responsibilities of a merchandiser include collecting buyer addresses, sending samples, negotiating orders, monitoring production quality and delivery timelines, and ensuring timely shipment. Effective merchandising requires knowledge of materials, production processes, regulations and documentation like purchase orders, costing, and timelines.
This document provides information about fancy yarns from Amsler Tex. It defines fancy yarn as having varied characteristics like thickness, color, and raw material that give fabrics a unique aesthetic. It then lists and describes different types of fancy yarns that can be produced using Amsler devices, including slub yarn, multi-count yarn, and multi-twist yarn. The document also explains concepts like the working principles of drafting and twisting systems, yarn measurement, effect coding, and how to simulate fabrics digitally before production.
VDQ pulley (Variable Dia for Quality Pulley): It is a very important part of the machine. It controls the quality of the product. Altering the position of the tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric.
The yarn realization is the most important factor to assess the technical performance and profitability of spinning mills. Yarn realization means conversion of raw material in percentage terms into finished yarn. This articles described What are the key factors affecting yarn realization and how to manage it.
This document provides information about various textile dyeing and finishing machines. It begins with an introduction to dyeing processes and dyeing machines in general. It then describes several specific types of machines in more detail, including jigger dyeing machines, pad batch dyeing machines, mercerizing machines, sanforizing machines, and thermosol dyeing machines. It also provides examples of dyeing and chemical recipes used with some of these machines. Finally, it lists some popular companies that manufacture dyeing and finishing equipment.
Study on functions of different parts of circular knitting machine.pptx (1)SanyBarua
This document presents a study on the functions of different parts of a circular knitting machine. It begins with an introduction on circular knitting machines and the different types. It then discusses the various parts of a circular knitting machine, including needles, cylinder, cam, cam box, sinker, and VDQ pulley. For each part, it provides a brief description and image. The document concludes that modern machines now feature on-board computers to monitor and control important functions like speed and detect issues.
This document describes different methods of desizing fabrics. Desizing is necessary to remove starch-based sizing agents applied to warp yarns before weaving. The key methods discussed are hydrolytic desizing using water and microorganisms, acid desizing using dilute acid solutions, and enzymatic desizing using enzymes like malt extract. Oxidative desizing using oxidizing agents like sodium bromite is also covered, which oxidizes and depolymerizes the starch sizing agents. The document provides details on the processes and chemicals involved in each desizing method.
The document discusses textile finishing processes. It begins by introducing textiles and their basic components and materials. It then describes the major departments of textiles - spinning, weaving, and wet-processing. Wet-processing involves pretreatments like scouring and bleaching, dyeing and printing, and finishing treatments like calendaring to impart properties like softness and durability. Specific mechanical finishing processes are also outlined, including sueding, raising, shearing, and decating. Calendaring is discussed in detail as a process that smoothes fabrics and modifies properties.
The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
Micro Fiber Ltd. is a knit composite textile mill located in Ramarbagh, Narayangonj, Bangladesh. The mill has several departments including knitting, dyeing, printing, finishing, and garments. It processes materials like cotton, polyester-cotton blends, and melange yarns to produce gray and dyed knitted fabrics. The mill has over 5,000 employees and manufactures around 8,000 kg of gray fabric and 22-24 tons of dyed fabric per day. The report provides details on the mill's operations, management systems, raw materials, production processes, quality control, and other functions.
Industrial attachment of University Of South Asia( Batch Day 21st )inshanshopno
The factory has a knitting section that produces various knit fabrics like single jersey, interlock, pique polo, viscose, lycra, nylon, polyester, and rib fabrics. It uses quality yarns and has a production capacity of 12,000 kg of fabrics per day. The knitting section houses various circular, flatbed, and auto stripe knitting machines from brands like Pailung and Fukuhara. It produces fabrics in yarn counts ranging from 16-42 and in various fiber types to meet customer demands.
Zyta Apparels Limited is a woven garment manufacturing and exporting company located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is a subsidiary of the Armana Group, one of the largest business conglomerates in Bangladesh. The report provides an overview of Zyta's operations, including its production facilities, products, customers, and commitments to environmental and social standards. It also describes the various departments involved in garment production, from merchandising and design to cutting, sewing, washing, finishing, and shipping. The internship allowed the author to gain first-hand experience of Zyta's management and technical processes across the apparel supply chain.
This document describes an industrial training report for Aman Tex Limited, a knit dyeing and garment manufacturing company in Bangladesh. It includes sections on the company overview, layout, departments, machinery, processes, and raw materials. Some key details:
- Aman Tex is a 100% export-oriented knit composite industry located in Gazipur, Bangladesh. It has various certifications and complies with labor standards.
- The company has different sections for knitting, dyeing, finishing, garments production, maintenance, and administration.
- The knitting section contains various circular, flatbed, and stripe knitting machines from Fukuhara primarily for single jersey, rib, and fle
This document summarizes the differences between feeder stripes, engineering stripes, and auto stripes in knitted fabrics. It explains that:
Feeder stripes are small repeating patterns less than 1.9 inches that can be produced on most circular knitting machines at low cost. Engineering stripes are large non-repeating patterns across the whole garment produced using special finger devices that increase costs. Auto stripes are repeating patterns greater than 1.9 inches that require computers and special finger machines, resulting in higher costs than feeder stripes. The document also discusses when auto stripes are needed over feeder stripes and the invention of multi-feeder machines to reduce auto stripe machine use.
(Over Dyeing) to dye for a second or third time with a different color. Over dyeing is such a rewarding way of rescuing an ugly or unsatisfactory colored cloth. It gives uneven look. sometimes over dyeing doesn’t mean all-time dyeing the garment which is previously dyed. Over dyeing may be normal dyeing or piece dyeing process.
This document provides contact information for Mazadul Hasan sheshir, a student in the 13th batch of the Wet Processing Technology program at Southeast University in Bangladesh. It lists his student ID, email address, and the department and address for Southeast University's Department of Textile Engineering.
This document provides organizational details for the fabrics finishing department of Fariha Knit Tex Ltd, including:
1. An organogram showing the required and existing positions in finishing, with a total workforce of 349 people and a variance of 68 positions.
2. Machine-wise manpower requirements and existing staffing for positions like assistant supervisors, operators, and helpers across various finishing machines.
3. Job responsibilities of the AGM and other managerial staff in the finishing department.
This document discusses a project report submitted by two students, Ariful Islam and Mazadul Hasan, on knit dyeing faults and remedies. The report was submitted to their professor Rajib Shaha at Southeast University to fulfill the requirements for their B.Sc. in Textile Engineering. The report acknowledges the support received from their university, supervising professor, and the management and staff at Knit Concern Ltd. where they completed their industrial training.
This document summarizes scouring and bleaching processes in textiles. Scouring removes impurities like oils, wax and dirt to make materials hydrophilic. Bleaching destroys natural colors to produce a white material. Key points include: scouring uses saponification and emulsification, while bleaching uses hypochlorite or peroxide reactions; continuous processes use a J-box machine and batch processes use a kier boiler; the mechanisms and importance of each process are described.
Production Calculation of Single Jersey Circular Knitting m/c জুবায়ের আহমেদ ত্বহা
The document calculates the production of a single jersey circular knitting machine. It provides details of the machine such as diameter, gauge, speed, and efficiency. Using the course and wale densities, GSM, and machine specifications, it determines the production length per hour is 45.09 meters. It then calculates the total width as 1.08 meters. Finally, it concludes that the production capacity of the machine is 7.79 kilograms per hour.
This document discusses the parts and functions of a circular knitting machine. It outlines 23 main parts of the machine including the creel, pulley belt, tension disk, inlet and outlet stop motion, yarn guide, MPF wheel, MPF, feeder ring, disk drum, pattern wheel, feeder, needle track, needle, sinker, sinker ring, cam box, cam, Lycra attachment device, Lycra stop motion, cylinder, cylinder balancer, and air gun nozzle. It provides a brief description of the purpose and function of several key parts like the creel, VDQ pulley, tension disk, MPF, feeder, needle, and sinker. The objective is to understand how
This document describes an experiment on problems and maintenance of a rib circular knitting machine. It introduces the basic elements of the machine: needles, sinkers, and cams. The objectives are to understand how to set up the basic elements, perform maintenance, and understand their functions. It then describes the machine parts and provides step-by-step procedures for replacing broken needles, sinkers, and defective cams. The conclusion states the experiment teaches about problems, maintenance, and specifications of the rib circular knitting machine.
Merchandising involves matching goods to customer needs through product presentation. A merchandiser converts design inspirations into products that meet consumer demands. Key responsibilities of a merchandiser include collecting buyer addresses, sending samples, negotiating orders, monitoring production quality and delivery timelines, and ensuring timely shipment. Effective merchandising requires knowledge of materials, production processes, regulations and documentation like purchase orders, costing, and timelines.
This document provides information about fancy yarns from Amsler Tex. It defines fancy yarn as having varied characteristics like thickness, color, and raw material that give fabrics a unique aesthetic. It then lists and describes different types of fancy yarns that can be produced using Amsler devices, including slub yarn, multi-count yarn, and multi-twist yarn. The document also explains concepts like the working principles of drafting and twisting systems, yarn measurement, effect coding, and how to simulate fabrics digitally before production.
VDQ pulley (Variable Dia for Quality Pulley): It is a very important part of the machine. It controls the quality of the product. Altering the position of the tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric.
The yarn realization is the most important factor to assess the technical performance and profitability of spinning mills. Yarn realization means conversion of raw material in percentage terms into finished yarn. This articles described What are the key factors affecting yarn realization and how to manage it.
This document provides information about various textile dyeing and finishing machines. It begins with an introduction to dyeing processes and dyeing machines in general. It then describes several specific types of machines in more detail, including jigger dyeing machines, pad batch dyeing machines, mercerizing machines, sanforizing machines, and thermosol dyeing machines. It also provides examples of dyeing and chemical recipes used with some of these machines. Finally, it lists some popular companies that manufacture dyeing and finishing equipment.
Study on functions of different parts of circular knitting machine.pptx (1)SanyBarua
This document presents a study on the functions of different parts of a circular knitting machine. It begins with an introduction on circular knitting machines and the different types. It then discusses the various parts of a circular knitting machine, including needles, cylinder, cam, cam box, sinker, and VDQ pulley. For each part, it provides a brief description and image. The document concludes that modern machines now feature on-board computers to monitor and control important functions like speed and detect issues.
This document describes different methods of desizing fabrics. Desizing is necessary to remove starch-based sizing agents applied to warp yarns before weaving. The key methods discussed are hydrolytic desizing using water and microorganisms, acid desizing using dilute acid solutions, and enzymatic desizing using enzymes like malt extract. Oxidative desizing using oxidizing agents like sodium bromite is also covered, which oxidizes and depolymerizes the starch sizing agents. The document provides details on the processes and chemicals involved in each desizing method.
The document discusses textile finishing processes. It begins by introducing textiles and their basic components and materials. It then describes the major departments of textiles - spinning, weaving, and wet-processing. Wet-processing involves pretreatments like scouring and bleaching, dyeing and printing, and finishing treatments like calendaring to impart properties like softness and durability. Specific mechanical finishing processes are also outlined, including sueding, raising, shearing, and decating. Calendaring is discussed in detail as a process that smoothes fabrics and modifies properties.
The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
Micro Fiber Ltd. is a knit composite textile mill located in Ramarbagh, Narayangonj, Bangladesh. The mill has several departments including knitting, dyeing, printing, finishing, and garments. It processes materials like cotton, polyester-cotton blends, and melange yarns to produce gray and dyed knitted fabrics. The mill has over 5,000 employees and manufactures around 8,000 kg of gray fabric and 22-24 tons of dyed fabric per day. The report provides details on the mill's operations, management systems, raw materials, production processes, quality control, and other functions.
Industrial attachment of University Of South Asia( Batch Day 21st )inshanshopno
The factory has a knitting section that produces various knit fabrics like single jersey, interlock, pique polo, viscose, lycra, nylon, polyester, and rib fabrics. It uses quality yarns and has a production capacity of 12,000 kg of fabrics per day. The knitting section houses various circular, flatbed, and auto stripe knitting machines from brands like Pailung and Fukuhara. It produces fabrics in yarn counts ranging from 16-42 and in various fiber types to meet customer demands.
Zyta Apparels Limited is a woven garment manufacturing and exporting company located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is a subsidiary of the Armana Group, one of the largest business conglomerates in Bangladesh. The report provides an overview of Zyta's operations, including its production facilities, products, customers, and commitments to environmental and social standards. It also describes the various departments involved in garment production, from merchandising and design to cutting, sewing, washing, finishing, and shipping. The internship allowed the author to gain first-hand experience of Zyta's management and technical processes across the apparel supply chain.
This document provides an overview of knit garment merchandising in Bangladesh. It begins with an introduction to the Bangladeshi garment industry and merchandising process. It then discusses the definition and qualifications of a good merchandiser, outlining the typical merchandising procedure. The document also covers important merchandising documents, costing and consumption calculations, basic industry knowledge, inspection processes, letters of credit documentation, and concludes with a brief summary. The primary purpose is to serve as a reference guide for those studying or working in garment merchandising.
- Abanti Colour Tex operates a knitting section that produces knitted fabrics using various knitting machines.
- The knitting section contains over 20 knitting machines ranging from 21-42 inches in diameter and gauges ranging from 24-84.
- Key processes in the knitting section include sample fabric production, setting machines, bulk production, and quality control before sending fabrics to dyeing.
- Major equipment includes knitting machines from Taiwan and Japan, GSM cutters, electronic balances, and inspection machines.
- The knitting section is overseen by a production manager and supervisor with operators, fitters, and a knitting
This document describes a report submitted by a student on their industrial attachment at Four Knit Wear LTD, a knitwear manufacturing company in Bangladesh. The student gained experience in the company's garments, knitting, dyeing, and merchandising sections. The report provides an overview of the company's vision, mission, management structure, and the student's responsibilities in each department.
The document discusses an industrial attachment report from students of the Textile Engineering Department at Southeast University who completed a two-month internship at Paramount Textile Ltd., a leading textile manufacturer in Bangladesh. The report provides details about the company, including its history, facilities, production processes, and departments. It also describes the objectives of the internship program, which were to gain practical knowledge about textile production and management systems to complement the students' academic studies.
The document provides information about Niagara Textiles Limited, a knit composite factory located in Bangladesh. It details the factory's profile, products, staffing, quality policies, strengths, welfare facilities, philosophy, values, and compliance practices. Key points include that it is a 100% export-oriented knit garment factory with knitting, dyeing, finishing and sewing units. It has over 5000 employees and produces items like t-shirts, polo shirts, and other men's, women's and kids' knitwear.
The document provides an overview of Niagara Textiles Ltd., a knit composite factory located in Bangladesh. It details the factory's profile, products, staffing, quality policies, strengths, welfare facilities, philosophy, values, and compliance practices. Key points include that it is a 100% export-oriented knit garment factory established in 2000, employs over 4,996 workers, has knitting, dyeing, printing, cutting, sewing, and finishing departments, and is committed to quality, social compliance, and worker welfare.
The document provides details about Mohammad Royhan and Abdullah Hil Kafi's internship at N.A.Z Bangladesh Ltd., a knit composite factory. It includes information about the company's history, leadership, location, products produced, and departments within the factory. The report is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Textile Engineering and Management from BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology.
The document discusses the industrial attachment of a student at N. A. Z Bangladesh Ltd, a knit composite factory. It provides an overview of the company's operations, including its various departments, production capacities, and raw materials used. The student expresses gratitude to the many people at the factory and university who provided guidance and support during the training period.
The Industrial Attachment is the most effective way for Textile Engineering student to be achieved the knowledge about the practical field of the Textile Manufacturing. It brings an opportunity to all the learners to enrich their academic knowledge by practicing with the experts of the practical field of textile. The internationally recognized buyers or clients are looking for those countries for producing their apparel products where different types of industries have established as a one stop source for the global apparel market, satisfy and meet customer’s expectation by developing and providing product and services on time which offer value in terms of Quality, Low price, Safety & Environmental Impact. And also assure complete compliance with the international quality standard and also provide the employees internationally acceptable working condition Bangladesh. There are varies Textile Industries & Garments those are producing high quality textile & apparel products. GTA Sports Ltd is one of them. GTA Sports has a number of sister concerns in the family. Niagara Textile is one of them. GTA Sports is one of the biggest knit garments manufacturers & exporters. They have different types of knitting, dyeing, cutting, sewing & finishing process. All the machines, equipments & chemicals used in different process are well branded. They produce various types of knit products for their buyer those are coming from various countries such as North America, South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Eastern Asia, Southeast Asia, Mid East, and Africa. They follow all the system for their machines maintenance so production can not hamper. In this report I have tried to give some information about GTA Sports Ltd and I observed that they are produce high quality Garments and fulfill the requirements of buyers by following various internationally recognized method. So I am highly pleasure for that I had an opportunity to complete my two month internship at GTA Sports Ltd, which is one of the most modern industries of the country.
Industrial attachment of m.s dyeing, printing & finishing ltd. by md omar...Rhymeles Hredoy
The document provides details about Mohammad Omar Faruk's internship at M.S Dyeing, Printing & Finishing Ltd., including:
- An introduction to the importance of practical, hands-on experience for an engineering student.
- Background on M.S Dyeing, Printing & Finishing Ltd., a composite knit fabrics and garments manufacturer located in Narayanganj.
- Outlines of the report contents which cover company profile, manpower, layout, raw materials, production, maintenance, utilities, inventory, cost analysis, and marketing.
This document provides an overview of Mitali Fashions Ltd., a knit composite garment factory in Bangladesh. It discusses the company's establishment in 2000, leadership, expansion, and certification. The factory has various production sections including knitting, dyeing, finishing, garments, and quality control. It employs over 5,000 people and produces knitwear and garments for major international brands. The document also includes organizational charts, maps of the factory premises, and lists of raw materials and major customers.
This document provides information about an industrial internship at Rupa Fabrics Ltd, a knit dyeing and finishing company in Bangladesh. It includes:
1. An overview of the company's profile, production capacity and certifications. Rupa Fabrics produces basic t-shirts, sweaters and knit fabrics for export.
2. Details on the production processes used, including knitting, dyeing, finishing and garment manufacturing. Knitting is done on circular and flatbed machines in various gauges. Dyeing and finishing include processes like batching, laboratory testing, knit dyeing, and finishing.
3. Descriptions of the management structure and responsibilities of roles like the general manager
The document provides information about Niagara Textiles Ltd, including its objectives, history, facilities, production capacity, and machinery. It summarizes that Niagara Textiles Ltd is a leading textile manufacturer in Bangladesh established in 2001 with over 5,000 employees. It has separate knitting, dyeing, and garment divisions with a daily production capacity of 50,000 pieces of garments. The factory is well equipped with modern machinery and ensures compliance with environmental and social standards.
This document provides information about the shirt manufacturing process at Alema Textile (Pvt.) Ltd. It begins with an introduction to the student submitting the report, Jotan Banik, and includes their name, ID number, and department. The next sections provide an overview of Alema Textile, including its vision, mission, products, markets, and factory information.
The core of the document is the description of Alema Textile's shirt manufacturing process. This includes 14 main steps: design, dyeing, printing, cutting, shaping, serial numbering, sewing, washing, drying, ironing, folding, packing, leveling, and bundling. It provides details on the processes and equipment used at
The document provides details about the knitting department of Epyllion Knitex Ltd. and Epyllion Fabrics Ltd., including the types and capacities of knitting machines and fabrics produced. It lists the daily and monthly production capacities for jersey, interlock, rib, and fleece fabrics totaling over 27,000 kg per day.
This document is a report submitted by Sohail Mittal to Lovely Professional University as part of a summer training project on the sales and marketing of products by Neenu Knitwear. The report includes sections on acknowledging those who provided guidance and support, declaring the work as original, certifying the project, an executive summary providing an overview of the garment industry in Ludhiana and Neenu Knitwear, and details on the company, products, sales methods, objectives, findings and infrastructure. The overall aim was to understand how Neenu Knitwear operates and its product range to analyze sales.
The document discusses the training and evaluation system at JCT Fabrics in India. It provides background on JCT Fabrics and the Indian textile industry. It then describes the current training process, which includes developing an annual training calendar and identifying training topics. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the current training system, get employee feedback, and develop an improved evaluation system. Limitations and the research methodology used are also outlined.
The document discusses the training and evaluation system at JCT Fabrics. It provides details about the company, its products, markets, and departments. Regarding training, it describes the current process which includes a yearly calendar, identifying topics, internal or external training, and feedback forms. Employee feedback found issues like no individual feedback or learning evaluation. The objectives of the study were to examine the current system and draft an improved evaluation process. Suggestions include using Kirkpatrick's model and forms to evaluate technical, behavioral and performance aspects of trainings.
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Professor Giuseppe Colangelo, Jean Monnet Professor of European Innovation Policy, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Nathaniel Lane, Associate Professor in Economics at Oxford University, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Katharine Kemp, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law & Justice at UNSW Sydney, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Tim Capel, Director of the UK Information Commissioner’s Office Legal Service, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
The remarkable life of Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.pptx
University of south asia rasel
1. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 1 of 48
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ASIA
Banani, Dhaka-1213
Report
on
INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT (code-411)
At
Jann Group
Road-02, Plot-04, Abdullah Bog, North Badda, Dhaka.
Project Title: Industrial Attachment Garments
This Project Report is submitted to the University of South Asia as a Partial
requirement for the Fulfillment of the Degree Bachelor of Science in Engineering.
Supervised By:
Dr. Engr. Md. Mashiur Rahman Khan, MIEB
Guest Faculty of University of South Asia and
Associate Professor and Head
Department of Apparel Manufacturing Engineering (BUTEX)
Submitted By:
Md. Rashel Mondol ID No: 161-0094-020 (EV-34)
Program: Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering, EV-34
University of South Asia
2. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 2 of 48
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At first my gratefulness goes to Almighty Allah to give my strength and ability to complete the
industrial training and this report. I have made my life more bountiful. May you name be exalted,
honored and glorified.
Now I wish to take this excellent opportunity to thank a lot of people who have
assisted and inspired me in the completion of our training period.
Dr. Md. Mashiur Rahman khan my supervisor, to whom I am extremely indebted
for his tremendous support and guidance throughout my training period. Being
working with him I have not only earned valuable knowledge but was also
inspired by his innovativeness which helped enrich my experience to a greater
extent. His ideas and way of working was truly remarkable.
I would like to thank the management of the JANN GROUP MILLS LTD for
giving me the opportunity to do the industrial training successfully and also their
valuable suggestions. My deepest appreciation goes to Mr. Raja, Deputy
General Manager, JANN GROUP MILLS LTD for his permission to conduct my
industrial training without which it would be uncompleted. The generous support
is greatly appreciated. I would also like to JANN GROUP MILLS LTD for helping
me to complete industrial training successfully. My gratitude also goes to all the
employees of JANN GROUP MILLS LTD for their sincere co-operation, support
and valuable advices.
3. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 3 of 48
JANN GROUP MILLS LTDone of the leading manufacturers & exporters
of a wide range of knitted garments. This company earned a good
reputation in the market by manufacturing superior quality products in
various designs and in vibrant range of colors. This companies have set
all the standards of quality and the satisfaction of the customers is our
prime concern. It endeavor to make their customers happy. Here the
production process runs from making yarn to fabric and from fabric to
finished garment.
JANN GROUP MILLS LTD is engaged inprocessing rawfabric to finished
products and exports these products to different countries. Its factory is
situated in Road-02, Plot-04, Abdullah Bog, North Badda, Dhaka. and
head office is in Gulshan-1, Dhaka. I worked in the factory and paid
occasionalvisits to the head office in order to cope up with the production
process. I worked with almost all the departments; especially in Marketing
Department, Import and Export Department and Merchandising
Department. After the global financial crisis, customer’s perception has
become as a most important and sensitive Issue of companies. It is of
course not just important for garments. It is something that needs to be
addressed in relation to all companies.
This company help me to learn about Knitting, Dyeing, Washing, Printing
and Garments. My Industrial training was about all of this sector. I gain
lots of practical knowledge from every sectorof this company. In Knitting,
Dyeing, Washing, Printing and Garments i learned about many kinds of
new machinery, many types of chemical and especially many type of
fabrics. I also learned from them maintenance policy and when I know
from them about their management policyit really was a great experience
of my life. I attached almost all details what I gained from this company.
4. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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Address- Corporate office
House no 08, Road no 01
Gulshan Avenue , Gulsan-1,
Dhaka-1212,Bangladesh.
Website-www. http://janncomposite.com/
Contact Details- Phone no. 880 2 58811313
Fax no. 880 25 881 13 13
Email: info@janncomposite.com
JANN GROUP MILLS LTD is one of the large groups in Bangladesh and high GDP
contributor. This is a large factory with all the facilities to composite yarn. Here the
production process runs from making yarn to fabric and from fabric to finished garment.
In this age, Bangladesh is flourished with RMG sector where this division has its
immense contribution. It has three high capacity garments manufacturing plants where
it can produce 24.30 million pieces knit apparels per annum with the help of
sophisticated machinery and trained manufacturing team.
Their plant and human capabilities allow them to undertake any bulk production of
garments in shortest delivery period.
Sample lead time is 7 – 10 days.
Productions lead time is 60 – 90 days after order confirmation.
ICTML. (Apparel Manufacturing Section)
The factory has been awarded WRAP, ISO 9001-
2000, SEDEX (SMETA) and DISNEY Certificate for its quality products and
Compliance
Year of Establishment 2004
Business lines
Employee Number Manufacturing and marketing of wide range of knit apparels.
Product Management -250
Production -8333
Production Capacity T-Shirt, Polo shirt, Sweatshirt, Fleece shirt, Ladies Tops, etc.
775,000 Pcs/Month
Export Market Europe, USA, Japan
6. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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Introduction
RMG (Ready Made Garment) is very important and helpful for our Bangladesh.
Bangladesh has emerged as a key player in RMG (Ready Made Garment) sector since
1978. Textiles and clothing account for about 85% of total export earnings of
Bangladesh. Out of which, 80% comes from the apparel sector which covers the major
products of knit and woven shirts, blouses, trousers, skirts, shorts, jackets, sweaters,
sports wears and many more casual and fashion items. Starting from Buttons, labels,
apparel papers, threads, and all other products are found here. Even services like
dying, washing, and ironing are also found in the corners of Industrial areas of
Bangladesh.
The garment industry of Bangladesh has been the key export division and a main
source of foreign exchange for the last 25 years. At present, the country generates
about $5 billion worth of products each year by exporting garment. The industry
provides employment to about 3 million workers of whom 90% are women. I have
completed this report on the basis of all the department of RMG sector such as
Merchandising Department, Commercial Department, Production Department, Supply
Chain Department, Human Resource Department, and Compliance Department. So
by completing this report I get overall idea about RMG sector, so its carry more value
than any books.
I preferred this attachment in JANN GROUP MILLS LTD, which is a 100% export
oriented knit industry. For continuing the study of internship in the JANN GROUP
MILLS LTD I almost worked all the sections of this company and tried to find out the
activities, planning and many other things as well. In context, I have discussed about
these things deliberately to let you know about.
7. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 7 of 48
Objectives
Its documents for future.
To know detail about RMG sector.
Information gathers about commercial.
Getting idea about shipping procedure.
Comparison between class room learning and practical learning.
Knowledge gather about RMG sector related other organization.
To achieve new idea about knit garments manufacturing process.
To focus on the valuable part of Internship Report.
To have skill labor for quality product.
To study the present market composition for the Bangladeshi garment product
about Market diversification.
Opportunity of behavioral theory practice in our garments sector.
Regularly behavioral theory practice in garments industry.
To do a merchandising practice in the factory.
Identify the additional services that the existing companies are going to avail.
To relate the use of groupware and collaborative systems with future trends in
managers' roles and responsibilities.
To identify merchandising and total production system.
To find the current scenario of backward supply chain status of ICTML.
To find the ways of improving the backward linkage of the supply chain for
ICTML.
8. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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Limitations of the study
1. Unfortunately due to the company’s limitations (business secrecy and
confidentiality), I was unable to acquire sufficient information.
2. Personal barriers like inability to understand some official terms; office decorum
etc. created a few problems for me.
3. Time was also a limitation. Gathering a huge amount of information during working
for only two months was really a difficult job.
4. Merchandiser doesn’t have enough time to give the information elaborately.
5. Lack of organizing chain of command.
6. Lack of instruction book, and any change. They are following traditional business.
7. I may have to suffer for lack of supply chain management.
8. No other garment’s data has been compared with this data. There might be some
discrepancies with other factory’s supply chain scenario.
9. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 9 of 48
2. Different Section of “JANN GROUP MILLS LTD”
2.1. Knitting
2.2. Dyeing
2.3. Washing
2.4. Printing
2.5. Garments
2.6. IE
2.7. Merchandising
13. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 13 of 48
2.1.3-Sampling department
2.1.3.1-Sequence of Sampling:
1ST Pattern → 2ND Pattern → Counter Sample → Salesman Sample → Photo
Sample → Approval Sample (Size Set, Mock-Up) →Pre- Production Sample →
Production Sample → Shipping Sample.
2.1.3.2-First Pattern:
First pattern is the first physical version of any garment as per the artwork done by
designer and for developer.
Human Mind → Sketch → Paper Pattern → Sample
2.1.3.3-Second Pattern:
Usually designer /developer always ask for some changes to the first pattern.
Second pattern is made as per comments.
2.1.3.4-Counter Sample:
Where first pattern is made on designers artwork, Counter sample is to make not on
designer's artwork, has to follow another sample given by the merchandiser.
2.1.3.5-Salesman Sample:
Salesman sample is made when price is confirmed and orders are on speculation,
usually in l size in all color combinations of expected order. Buyer held a meeting with
its customer and record their response on order quantity per color, size etc. And finally
place order to their vendor.
14. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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2.1.3.6-Photo Sample:
Photo samples are made with actual color and material to be worn by the models on
the event of shooting for catalog.
2.1.3.7-Approval Sample:
In any discrete period of time, whenever it required any revision in the sample, a new
sample is made (sometimes mock-up is workable too) as per new specification. It is
sent to buyer for his approval of the conformity that-the revision is done correctly.
SIZE SET: Consists of 1 pc from each size for each color combination.
MOCK UP: Any part of the garment to make for particular purpose, not complete
garment Pre- Production Sample When material for bulk production arrived, factory
makes a sample with the actual material and sends to buyer.
2.1.3.8-Production Sample:
It is a reference to the buyer that the bulk is being produced as per specifications.
Buyer wants to be assured that correct material is sourced & line workmanship
conformed to the quality level.
2.1.3.9-Shipping Sample:
A sample is kept from every Pre-Shipping inspection to be referred, if required, after
the order has been delivered. Usually for any disputes (e.g. Claim) shipping samples
is important.
2.1.3.10-Responsibilities of sampling department:
Getting clarifications about style details from merchandiser.
Checking pattern’s workability.
Preparation of different samples and getting the buyer’s approval.
Informing quality related problems, encountered during preparing samples, to
QC.
Minimizing operations and consumption.
15. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 15 of 48
2.2.1-Spreading & Cutting department
2.2.2-Process Flow Chart of Fabric Cutting Department:
Marker making
↓
Fabric Spreading
↓
Marker placing on to the lay
↓
Cutting the fabric
↓
Numbering/Stickering
↓
Checking
↓
Sorting and Bundling
16. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 16 of 48
2.2.3-Marker making:
Marker making is the process of determining the most efficient layout of
Pattern pieces for a specified style, fabric, and distribution of sizes (requires
Time, skill and concentration)
The Nap/ One/ Way marker (abbreviated N/O/W) is made with every pattern
placed with the “down” direction of the pattern in the same direction.
This mode is necessary for fabrics that are asymmetric.
All patterns are placed on-grain, and in the “down” direction, which is usually
toward the left edge (starting point where the legend is written).
The Nap/One/ Way marker is the highest quality but least efficient of the three
nap directions for a marker.
The Nap/ Either/ Way marker (abbreviated N/E/W) is made where there is no
restriction of which way the pattern are oriented.
The patterns may be oriented either “down” or “up”, placed wherever they fit
best, only making sure that the patterns are on-grain.
The Nap/ Either/ Way marker is usually the most efficient mode yielding the
highest fabric utilization.
The Nap/ Up/& Down marker (abbreviated N/U/D) is more efficient than the
Nap/ One/ Way marker, but not as efficient as the Nap/ Either/ Way marker.
In order to get a better fit between the patterns, alternating sizes of patterns are
oriented in opposite directions.
This method is yields moderately good fabric utilization, and good quality.
17. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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Factor of Marker making:
Marker making is a critical step in the manufacturing process.
By retaining strict control over this critical step, they keep the fabric
consumption as low as possible.
It also ensures that the issues that affect quality will be given proper attention.
These include placing patterns on grain, keeping patterns paired, and attending
to details such as drill holes and notches.
Depending on the relative efficiency of each marker produced, the company
may save or waste thousands of dollars a year.
Marker Efficiency:
Area of patterns in the marker plan X 100%
Total area of the marker plan
2.2.4-Spreading:
Spreading Mode: Nap one way & face one way spreading
Most common spreading method that can also be done manually.
Fabric roll is kept on a roller stand and fabric end is being pulled by two
spreading operators (thus unwinding fabric from freely rotating roll) walking
along both sides of cutting table.
While using machine, the lose end of fabric is being held by catcher and
machine carries the rolls along table thus unwinding and spreading the fabric
in the process.
Every layer has to start from same end thus spreading machine has to come
back to starting position without spreading the fabric. This return movement of
spreading machine is called as “dead heading”
18. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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Spreading Mode: Nap either way & face to face spreading
The quickest spreading method while using spreading machine.
Difficult to achieve manually.
The machine carry the fabric roll while the end is being held in place by catcher,
at layer end fabric is not cut just folded and held by another catcher while the
fabric is being laid by the machine during it’s return movement also.
Spreading Mode: Nap one-way face to face spreading
Most time consuming method of spreading.
The lose end of fabric is being held by catcher and machine carries the rolls
along table thus unwinding and spreading the fabric in the process.
At layer end the fabric is being cut, turntable rotate the fabric roll by 180 degree
and return back to starting position without.
Now from the starting end the second layer is being laid face to face.
19. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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Spreading Mode: Nap either way & face one way spreading
The lose end of fabric is being held by catcher and machine carries the rolls
along table thus unwinding and spreading the fabric in the process.
At layer end the fabric is being cut, turntable rotate the fabric roll by 180 degree
and start spreading the second layer from the opposite end face one way. There
is no dead heading by the machine in this spreading mode.
20. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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Vertical blade
Reciprocates up and down
Corners and curves can be cut accurately
Most versatile and commonly used
Blades length - 6 to 14 inches
Spread depth depends on blade length & adjustable height of the blade guard
All of the pieces cut from a lay are identical
2.2.6-Stickering:
Sticker carry details : style no, size, ply no, bundle no., date issued
Operations may be incorporated for payment purposes, control of work and
facilitating quality control
2.2.7-Checking:
Here all the cutting parts have to check properly. Find out the faults and take apart
from here and cut same part of the garment in same shade.
2.2.8-Sorting&Bundiling:
Small batches of garments move from one work station to another in a
controlled way
Tens, dozens, 2 dozens, etc.
Bundle ticket consists of:
Order no
Bundle no
Quantity
Style no
Size
Section
21. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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2.3.1-Sewing department
Process Flow Chart for Garments Sewing Department:
Product analysis
↓
Set up target for production
↓
Set up machine layout on the basis of target
↓
Set up operator layout on the basis of target
↓
Line balancing
↓
Line setup
↓
Distribution all the processes
↓
Cutting parts received section
↓
Cutting parts distribution to the operator and helper
↓
Complete parts making individually
↓
Line QC check
↓
Line quality audit
↓
Counting output and checking with the target
↓
Final quality check (for each Garment)
22. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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2.3.1.1-Production system:
Progressive bundle system-
Sewing operations are laid out in sequence.
Each operator receives a bundle, does his work, reties the bundle and passes
it to the next operator.
There is a storage facility such as rack, bin or table for storing the inter-process
work between each operation.
The work is routed by means of tickets.
This system is the most widely used system in the garment industry today. It is
used in shirt factories, jeans factories, jacket factories, etc.
23. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
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Unit production system
A unit production system (UPS) is a computer-controlled production line.
It is a type of line layout that uses an overhead transport system to move
individual units from work-station to work station for assembly.
All the parts for a single garment are advanced through the production line
together by means of a hanging carrier that travels along an overhead
conveyor.
Production operations are completed without removing the parts from the
carrier.
Automated materials handling replaces the traditional system of bundling, tying
and untying, and manually moving garment parts.
Electronic data can be collected from workstations, which provides payroll and
inventory data, immediate tracking of styles, and costing and performance data
for prompt decision.
24. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 24 of 48
2.3.1.2-Sewing Sequence of T-shirt:
Left side shoulder joining
↓
Neck piping
↓
Piping joining
↓
Right side shoulder joining
↓
Neck Chap tack
↓
Main labeling joining
↓
Sleeve hem
↓
Sleeve joining
↓
Arm hole chap tack
↓
Main label joining
↓
Bottom hem
Sewing Sequence of tank top
1st shoulder joining
↓
Neck piping
↓
2nd shoulder inside tack
↓
2nd shoulder joining
↓
2nd shoulder outside tack
↓
Label making
↓
Label attaching
↓
Armhole piping
↓
Armhole inside tack
↓
Side seam
↓
Bottom hem
25. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
University Of South Asia
Page 25 of 48
2.3.1.3-Seams:
The basic function of a seam is to hold pieces of fabric together.
To perform its function correctly, the seam should have properties or
characteristics closely allied to those of the fabrics being sewn.
The careful selection of the most appropriate seam, a suitable stitch type
together with the correct thread and machine settings for the fabric and end
product is of paramount importance.
Classification of seams:
Superimposed seam
Lap seam
Bound seam
Flat seam
Edge finishing
2.3.1.4-Stitch classification:
28. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
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2.4.1-Quality Assurance department
2.4.1.1-Responsibilities of quality department
To impart quality in the product.
To ensure that the product has achieved the quality parameters of buyers.
To restrict the defects entering into the final product.
Main function of quality department is to carry out inspection.
Inspection can be defined as the visual examination or review of raw materials,
partially finished components of the garments and completely finished
garments in relation to some standards, specifications, or requirements, as well
as measuring the garments to check if they meet the required measurements.
2.4.1.2-Inspection terms:
Sample: A sample consists of one or more units of a product drawn from a lot
or batch, the units of the sample being selected at random without regards to
their quality. The number of units of a product in the sample is the sample size.
Lot or batch: Means ‘Inspection lot’ or ‘Inspection Batch’ that is a collection of
units of a product from which a sample is to be drawn and inspected.
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Lot or batch size: The lot or batch size is the number of units of a product in a
lot or batch
Percent defective = Number of defectives
-------------------------------------× 100
Number of units inspected
2.4.1.3-Identification of defects:
Major Defect: A defect that, if conspicuous on the finished product, would cause
the item to be second.
Minor Defect: A defect that would not cause the product to be termed as a
second either because of severity or location.
Second: A ‘Second’ is a garment with a conspicuous defect that affects the
salability or serviceability of the item.
Cutting defects:
Frayed edges
Fuzzy, ragged or serrated edges
Ply-to-ply fusion
Single-edge fusion
Pattern precision- Under-cut, Over-cut
Notches
Drills
Sewing defects:
Needle Damage
Feed Damage
Skipped stitches
Thread breaks
Broken stitches
Seam grin
Seam pucker
Pleated seams
Wrong stitch density
Uneven stitch density
Staggered stitch
Improperly formed stitches
Oil spots or stains
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Seaming defects:
Incorrect or uneven width of inlay
Irregular or incorrect shape of sewing line
Insecure back stitching
Twisted seam
Mismatched checks or stripes
Mismatched seam
Extraneous part caught in a seam, an unrelated piece showing through the
seam
Reversed garment part
Blind stitching showing on the face side
Wrong seam or stitch type used
Wrong shade of thread used
Checks for final inspection:
Open seams
Skipped stitches
Cracked stitches
Stitches/inch
Uneven seams
Crooked, puckered, curled, pleated seams
Needle and feed cuts
Unclipped threads and Long ends
Raw edge
Snaps, fasteners, buttons
Labels
Elastic
Measurements
Mends or repairs
Stripe
Hems
Trim
Broken needle
Distortion
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2.4.1.4-AQL: Accepted quality level:
The AQL is the maximum percent defective that, for the purpose of sampling
inspection can be considered satisfactory as a process average.
The AQL is a designated value of percent defective that the customer indicates
will be accepted most of the time by the acceptance sampling procedures to be
used.
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2.5.1.-Finishing & Packaging department
2.5.1.1-About Finishing
Finishing is the last stage of garment production where garment gets its final
look.
In this department each garment undergoes different finishing processes.
It undergoes for quality check for several number of time which sets the garment
free from defects.
Buyer specifications and instructions are strictly maintained.
2.5.1.2-Operations performed at finishing stage:
Thread cutting: Uncut threads affect the presentation of finished and packed
garments. Therefore, it is necessary to cut and trim the loose and uncut
threads.
Stain removal: Removal of the following type of stains: Oil, yellow, black and
paint spots, stains due to color bleeding, ink, rust, tracing marks, yellow stains,
and hard stains
Seam ironing: Ironing of garments using steam ironing tables with vacuum
boards.
Final finishing: The entire garment is finished using various finishing
equipment’s.
Tagging and packing: The pass pieces are brought to the tagging and packing
section. It is the responsibility of the packing supervisors to provide the tagging
operators with the appropriate price and brand tags. He also instructs the
tagging operator as to where and how the tag has to be placed. The most
important thing to be kept in mind while placing the tag is to match the size
mentioned on the main label and the size on tag. The step after the tagging is
to pack the garments as per the specification of the buyer.
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2.5.1.3-Presentation checking and cartoon packing
First Checkers check the packed garments for the following things:
Poly bags are as per specification.
Tags and price stickers are as per specification.
Packing is secured or not if specified.
Poly bags should not be soiled and torn.
Hangers are there or not if specified.
Garment has been folded as per specification etc.
Once, checking is done they send the garments for the carton packing. The following
things are kept in mind during carton packing:
Number of garments to be packed in one carton.
Ratio asked for example S:M:L=2:1:1
Packing the garments in the cartons as per specified.
Closing the cartons with cello tape.
Sealing the cartons with plastic cord.
Writing on carton information like: Store or buyer name, buyer's address, ratio,
net weight of the carton etc.
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2.7-IE
Industrial Engineering - A New Concept of Apparel Engineering
2.7.1-Industrial engineering: It is concerned with the development, improvement,
implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge,
information, equipment, energy, materials, analysis and synthesis, as well as the
mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods
of engineering design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from
such systems or processes
2.7.2-Nature of the Work Industrial engineers determine the most effective ways for
an organization to use the basic factors of production - people, machines, materials,
information, and energy - to make or process a product or produce a service. They are
the bridge between management goals and operational performance. They are more
concerned with increasing productivity through the management of people, methods
of business organization, and technology than are engineers in other specialties, who
generally work more with products or processes.
To solve organizational, production, and related problems most efficiently, industrial
engineers
Study the product and its requirements
Use mathematical methods to meet product requirements
Design manufacturing and information systems
Develop management control systems for financial planning and cost analysis
Design production planning and control systems to coordinate activities and
control product quality
Design or improve systems for the physical distribution of goods and services
Determine which plant location has the best combination of raw materials
availability, transportation, and costs
Develop wage and salary administration systems and job evaluation programs
2.7.3-SMV
o Meaning of the Abbreviation- Standard Minute Value
o It should be expressed always in Minutes
o Time taken by a standard operator to complete any given operation/s with pre-
defined conditions
o BSI 100= 100% performance operator is the standard operator
2.7.4-Uses Of SMV:
1. Making Production Plan
2. Target setting
3. Factory Efficiency Setting
4. Capacity Plan
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2.7.5- I’m attaching some formula for Industrial engineering:-
1. SMV
SMV = Basic time + (Basic time × Allowance)
2. Basic time
Basic time = Observed time × Rating
3. Observed time
Observed time = Total Cycle time / No of cycle
4. Rating
Rating = (Observed Rating ×Standard rating) / Standard rating
5. Daily output
Daily output = Work hour / SMV
6. Efficiency=
7. Production=
8. Man power=
9. Minute=
10. Factory capacity
Factory capacity = (Work hour / SMV) ×Total worker × Working day * Efficiency
11. CPM
CPM = (Total overhead cost of the month / No of SMV earners Work minutes)
×Efficiency
12. Required no of operator
Required no of operator = Target daily output / Daily output per operator
𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏×𝑺𝑴𝑽
𝑴𝒂𝒏 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓×𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏×𝑺𝑴𝑽
𝑺𝑴𝑽
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏×𝑺𝑴𝑽
𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲×𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏×𝑺𝑴𝑽
𝑴𝒂𝒏 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓×𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
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2.8 Merchandising
2.8.1-Merchandising denotes all the planned activities to execute and dispatch the
merchandise on time taking into consideration the 4 R’s of expediting Right Cost, Right
Quantity, Right Quality and Right Time.
2.8.2-Functions of Merchandisers:
Costing
Programming.
Yarn Procurement Arrangements.
Production Scheduling (or) Route CARD Drafting.
Accessories arrangement (order placing follow-ups).
Approval of various processor’s sewing operations and finishing processes.
Pattern approval (or) Dummy size set approval.
Size set approval.
Preproduction sample follow-ups.
Pilot run inspection.
In process inspection.
Production controlling.
Identifying shortages and make arrangements for the shortages.
Shortage quantity and quality following quality control procedures.
Following quality assurance procedures.
Maintaining the junior’s activities of in house and sub-contractor units.
Buyer communication.
Communication with production units, processing units and other third party’s
(vendors).
Proper reporting.
Highlighting to the management.
Record maintenance (Records pertaining to merchandising).
Developing samples.
Placement of orders.
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Taking measures for consistent production.
Taking preventive actions to maintain the targeted Performance level in all areas of
merchandising.
Attending meetings with superiors and furnishing the required details about
merchandising.
1. Sample order execution:
After the receipt of the Specification, pertaining to the sample order, the merchandiser
has to understand what the requirements of buyers are. Sometimes there may be
amendments related to any of the specifications in the sample order sheet. It is the
duty of the merchandiser to execute sample order and dispatch on time the “Right
quality.”
2. Costing:
The merchandisers should know the following details while costing.
Yarn cost.
Process cost (Knitting, Bleaching, and Raising etc.)
Rates pertaining to various sewing operations.
CMT (Cut Make Trim) Rate.
Ironing charges, packing charges and accessories rate.
Overheads.
Shortage (or) wastage 3%.
Free on Board (FOB) (Transport charges) 2% to 3%.
Insurance 2%-3%,
Buyers’ agents commission 5%-6%,
Quota rate per garment.
Profit 15% - 20%
3. Programming:
Most probably programming is done by production manager. In some companies it is
done by the merchandisers. The following factors considered in programming.
1. Allowances:
Fabric structure
Dia. fixation (knitting dia., calendaring dia. and compacting dia.)
Process loss (shrinkage etc.)
Size wise piece weight
Extra quantity required
Size wise requirement (dia., colour (or) combination)
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4. Route card Drafting (or) Production Scheduling:
For each and every order Route card (or) Production scheduling is to be done by the
merchandisers. It facilitates the merchandiser to follow up the orders in planned
manner. The following details (or) aspects should be considered in drafting (or)
scheduling.
Design
No. of sewing operations
No.of processes
despatcher date
No. of Components
Type of stitches
Order quantity
Production capacity of the in houses (or) sub-contractors unit and processing units.
Prioritizing the other factors
Targeted dates for various processes (or) stages of merchandising.
Actual finishing date (To cross check the deviation between the planning and actual
performance any stage (or) Process). Targeted dates for all the stages of
merchandising should be decided. Actual dates on which a particular process (or)
operation is actually done should also be entered in production scheduling. The
merchandisers are accountable for the deviation.
5. Accessories arrangements:
Merchandiser has to make arrangements for the timely delivery of the required
accessories to the
Concerned units. Accessories requisition slip may be used for requirement purpose.
The merchandiser has to cross check the actual requirements after verifying the
details furnished in accessories requisition form. After the receipt of accessories
quality check will be done.
6. Approvals:
Approval is an authentication of all required conformances related to a process (or) an
operation. The merchandisers should know the quality parameters of various
processes and sewing operations before approvals. There should not heron
conformities. Evidences for approval should be cross checked to confirm that all the
approvals having made properly.
7. Approval of various processes sewing operations and finishing processes:
The various process of sewing operations and finishing process such as patter
making, cutting,
Sewing, ironing will be approved by the technical merchandisers
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8. Pattern approvals:
Patterns should be approved for
Measurement
Style and fit
Allowances
Accuracy of pattern
If there is any non-conformance in pattern that should be corrected before it is used in
production Pattern approval samples will be received from the concerned units and
approved by the approval department (or) merchandisers, If there is non-conformance
in any size sample revised sample for that size should be againsubmitted for approval.
9. Size set approvals:
Size set approvals are made by the approval department or) by the merchandisers.
All the quality
Parameters related to various processes, sewing operations have to be cross
checked. The below
Mentioned aspects should be considered.
Measurements
Aesthetics
Process quality
GSM
Piece shrinkage
Washing fastness of the piece
Sewing operation quality
Print (or) embroidery position
Labeling instructions.
Size set approval seat will be prepared in triplicate.
Washing fastness of garment should be verified.
Shrinkage in garment can also be verified.
11. Pre-production samples:
This samples should he submitted on time to the concerned person (Buyers, buyer
agents office buying office). All the quality parameters have to be verified. In case of
non-conformances it will be mentioned in the approval sheet by the concerned
persons. Sometime we may have to submit the revised samples after the required
rectifications.
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11. Pilot run inspection:
Pilot run denotes the first production garments quality parameters are verified and
preventive measures can be taken. The follow up team should do pilot run inspection
to identify the various defects and it will be rectified in production.
12. In process inspection:
In process means in between any process (or) sewing operation (or) any activities
related to execution of an order. We can have procedures for frequency and adequacy.
In case of major non- conformities we have to highlight the problems of quality at the
right time to the right person without fail. Consistent follow up inspection is a must to
confirm that all the required quality procedures are adopted by the concerned units
and preventive actions are taken to enhance the performance.
13. Production controlling:
Controlling should be right from the operative level also. Efforts should be taken to
control the nonconformities during production. Consistent supervision is essential to
control the non-conformances. Periodical quality check should be done after an hour.
14. Shortage problem:
The merchandiser has to identify the shortages of any material that is yarn, fabric,
accessories etc. right at the initial stages. After identifying the shortages steps are to
be taken for the arrangement of required materials on time. In case of shortages also
we have to follow the quality control and quality assurance procedure without fail.
Quality of the material should not be compromised.
15. Following quality control procedures:
In some companies written quality procedures are available in quality manual. The
merchandiser has to know all the procedures of quality control. In all processes and
operations quality procedures should be followed very strictly. It has to inculcate the
importance of procedures to subordinates, in house units (or) own units, and sub-
contractors.
Following quality assurance procedures:
All the required test procedures (as required by the buyer) should be followed very
strictly without partiality. Evidences for testing (test reports) tested samples, tested
swatches, tested accessories) should be maintained properly. Before cutting, the
merchandiser has to confirm that the concerned unit has got all the required approvals
properly from the authorized person.
16. Monitoring the junior activities:
The merchandiser has to monitor his sub-ordinates. He has to teach to the
subordinates about the quality procedures. He has to give instructions to them before
going for factory visits. He has to discuss the various activities to be executed on a
particular day. The merchandiser has to control the activities of the subordinates so
that the performance of the followed team is good.
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17. Monitoring the activities of in-house unit (or) sub-contractor units:
The merchandiser has to monitor the activities of in-house unit (or) sub-contractor
units. He has to confirm that all the quality control procedures and quality assurance
procedures are followed up properly by them (or) not. He has to inculcate the
importance of adopting quality procedures to attain the planned performance level.
18. Buyer communication:
The merchandiser has to go through the faxes coming from buyers and he has to send
reply on time. Sometimes he has to furnish the production status of a particular order
to the concerned buyer on time. The below mentioned are some of the duties of buyer
communication,
Sample execution
Amendments
Comments on the send samples
Sample order sheet
Buyer visit
Production status
Sending sample, swatches, Accessories regarding the approvals.
19. Communication with others:
The merchandiser has to interact with in-house units, sub-contractors, vendors and
job workers of various processing. Through proper interaction only we make
arrangements for the timely supply of the required materials to the concerned persons.
He has to know the production status from various units which will be helpful in proper
follow and proper importing.
20. Proper Reporting:
The merchandiser has to furnish (or) best the report to the right person at the right
time. He has to give reports for the below mentioned activities
Sample execution
Approvals
Testing procedures
Production status
Programming
Shortage details
Inspection details arid status.
Production status for meting etc.
Report from inspection agencies, testing labs
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21. High Lighting:
The merchandiser has to highlight the major problems in merchandising at the right
time without fail. Highlighting will facilitate the superiors to take the necessary steps to
tackle the problems on time. Proper decision is made due to timely highlighting.
22. Record maintenance:
The merchandiser has to maintain quality records pertaining to various buyer orders.
Proper filing should he done, who can utilize the services of subordinates in record
maintenance. The below mentioned are some examples.
Sample details
Sample Inspection Reports
Testing Reports
Evidence of approvals
Proper filing (Buyer wise, order wise)
Pattern Approval sheet/size set approval sheet (copy)
Pilot run Inspection Report
Fabric Inspection report
Mid Inspection Report
Inspection report from buying office, buying agents and inspection agencies.
Test reports from inspection agencies and labs
Production status reports
Production status reports related to meetings
Pre-final inspection reports
Final inspection reports etc.
23. Developing samples:
Some buyers will give specifications (or) diagram (or) patterns from which you may
have to develop samples. Samples may be fabric with required knit structure (or)
garments with required specification. The merchandiser has to consider all the quality
parameters related to the samples to be developed. In case of nonconformities in the
samples developed, revised samples may be send for approval purpose. It is the duty
of the merchandiser to dispatch the developed samples on to the concerned buyers
by means of consistent follow-up.
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24. Placements of orders:
Priority is given to Approved sub-contractors after evaluation (when the production
capacity is not sufficient) order is placed to new manufacturers also orders can be
placed to in-house units also. In some companies, merchandiser is accountable (or)
responsible to find out the right manufacturers after proper evaluation. At the initial
stages small quantity order will be placed. After verifying their performance large
quantity orders will be placed. Yarn may be procured by the concerned unit (or) it may
be supplied by the supplier (the main manufacturer). In case of CMT order after the
confirmation of average piece weight of a particular size, processed fabric is delivered
to the concerned unit by the supplier.
25. Taking measures for consistent production:
It is the duty of the merchandiser to monitor the merchandising activities in accordance
with the production scheduling. He is accountable for the execution of each and every
process (or) an operation within the targeted time. He has to take the necessary step
for the consistent production by tackling the problems in merchandising. (e.g.)
Quality of yarn
Replacing good quality yarn
Consistent arrangement for fabric
Timely arrangements for the timely supply of accessories.
Shortage quantities follow up.
26. Preventive actions:
Detection of defects is not only the duty of merchandiser. He has to take preventive
actions to eliminate deviations in all the stages of merchandising.
27. Attending meetings with superiors:
Meetings may be conducted for general discussions about order execution (or) for
implementing new systems like ISO (or) it may be a status meeting. In case of
production status meeting the production details about various buyers’ order will be
collected by the merchandiser from different units and will furnished to superiors. The
merchandiser is accountable to answer the various questions raised by the superiors
pertaining to the execution of the allotted orders
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4. Maintenance
In the apparel industry, machine maintenance department is one that works silently.
They don’t get recognized much for their work. In the organized garment factories,
maintenance people work closely with Industrial Engineering department when it
comes for shop floor machine maintenance. In many factories management does not
concern about their performance. So machine mechanics just do their job to keep
machine running and always do breakdown maintenance.
A factory can gain substantial benefit by setting up defined work responsibility and
making list of activities to be done by maintenance department other than just repairing
machines when it breakdown.
Some of the tangible benefits of performing given activities well are
Reduced machine breakdown,
Lower maintenance cost
Lower product cost
Improved Machine performance
The maintenance activities can be broadly classified into two major categories, such
as machine breakdown maintenance and preventive maintenance. Main reasons of
frequent machine breakdown in shop floor include lack of maintenance, or use of spare
parts of substandard quality or faculty operations. Breakdown maintenance is always
undesirable because breakdown causes loss of production, man hours and revenue.
Machine breakdown disturbs the production of particular operations and subsequent
operations by delaying feeding.
To improve performance of the machine maintenance (mechanics) department,
factory should introduce preventive maintenance instead of following breakdown
maintenance.
Following activities are necessary to improve machine performance.
Prepare a checklist – Prepare a check list what all things they need to do daily basis.
They should have plan for scheduled machine maintenance plan with other works.
Like, planning for machine requirement, attachment, guides and presser foots required
for next style.
Prepare Maintenance schedule - The first step is setting up the preventive
maintenance program is proper scheduling of the maintenance plan. Make a database
of all types of sewing machines and other machines you have in the factory. Other
machines like cutting machines, pressing tables, irons etc. You must have machine
numbers on each machine types. Keep account of number of machines operational
and number of machines those are not in use.
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Make machine maintenance card and hang this cards on each machine to stop
forgetting and missing checking of any machine on the scheduled date. Include list of
thing to check in the machine maintenance card. See the fig for example. Improving
awareness and motivating maintenance team – In sewing factory maintenance
department involved in providing machine pressure foots, work guides and
attachment. Industrial engineering department need to share style information and list
of machines, attachment and guides required for the upcoming orders with production
schedule of the upcoming orders with maintenance department.
If factory is giving incentive to sewing operators and other staff, maintenance
department need to be included under performance incentive scheme.
Prepare maintenance of records and reports. Accurate recording of the day to day
maintenance work is essential for exercising effective control over the maintenance
program, planning, the replacement and procurement of store and spares.
Initiate making record of machine breakdown time daily, type of machines that got
breakdown, time required to repair or restart the machine. This record will help you to
find top 20% machines that cause 80% of machine breakdown.
4.1-OPERATION INVOLVED in MAINTENANCE:
Setting: Setting is the activities to set or install the machine parts or required
ancillaries. Adjustment also complementary word to setting used for appropriate
setting.
Checking: Checking means investigation of machine condition. It is very important
work in case of maintenance. It is very skilled depends work as successful
maintenance that depends on correct fault detection.
Repairing: Repairing or altering of spares & equipment (if necessary) is to be detected
& necessary measures are taken (repairingalteringsettingadjustment) .
Overhauling: It is the work of maintenance, but not frequent or schedule work. It is
done as per as necessary.
4.2-TYPES of MAINTENANCE:
1. Preventive maintenance.
2. Productive maintenance.
3. Routineschedule maintenance. (Cleaning, checking, lubricating)
4. Remedial maintenance.
5. Restorative maintenanceemergency maintenance.
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5. Conclusion
In conclusion I can say that this internship report is really essential for every student
of Textile engineering to get idea about textile industry. By completing this report I
have got overall idea of RMG sector and these may be helpful to know about the
technical and management knowledge of garments industry also these sector related
organizations. This is a huge sector and yet to discover the whole.
I want to thank my department Head & my Supervisor for giving me great opportunity
of learning. This Internship program will help me in the further challenges of life. I try
my best to make this project enriched with lots of apparel related documents. JANN
GROUP MILLS LTD. is really a good experience for me because every person of there
so much helpful and give me the proper methods of practical learning. So, at last, there
is a hope of eradicating all the obstacles and become the leader of garment industries
in near future.
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1. www.nhk-ast.com.
2. http://textilecalculation.blogspot.com
3. http://textilelearner.blogspot.com
4. textileapex.blogspot.com
5. www.denimjeans.com
6. http://apparelmerchandisingworld.blogspot.com