Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
Standard safety precautions are the basic infection prevention and control measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agent from both unrecognized and unrecognized sources of infection.
The elements of Standard Precautions include:
Hand hygiene.
Use of gloves and other barriers (e.g., mask, eye protection, face shield, gown).
Handling of patient care equipment and linen.
Environmental control.
Prevention of injury from sharps devices, and patient placement.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
Standard safety precautions are the basic infection prevention and control measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agent from both unrecognized and unrecognized sources of infection.
The elements of Standard Precautions include:
Hand hygiene.
Use of gloves and other barriers (e.g., mask, eye protection, face shield, gown).
Handling of patient care equipment and linen.
Environmental control.
Prevention of injury from sharps devices, and patient placement.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Hospital-acquired infections are caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens; the most common types are bloodstream infection (BSI), pneumonia (eg, ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP]), urinary tract infection (UTI), and surgical site infection (SSI).
A. Standard Precautions-Standard precautions are to be followed for all patients, irrespective of their infection status.
These are to be used to avoid contact with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions regardless of whether contaminated grossly with blood or not; non intact skin; and mucous membrane.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients
Infection control measure to be undertaken by hospital- Use standard precaution for the care of all patients.
This general mandate is necessary because it is sometimes not known if the patient is colonized or infected with certain pathogenic microorganisms.
Barrier precautions reduce the need to handle sharps.
B. Transmission Precautions- The second tier condenses the disease-specific and categories approach to isolation into new transmission categories to be taken based on the route of transmission of organisms like contact precautions, airborne precautions, etc.
These precautions are designed for specific patients with highly transmissible pathogens
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Hospital-acquired infections are caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens; the most common types are bloodstream infection (BSI), pneumonia (eg, ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP]), urinary tract infection (UTI), and surgical site infection (SSI).
A. Standard Precautions-Standard precautions are to be followed for all patients, irrespective of their infection status.
These are to be used to avoid contact with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions regardless of whether contaminated grossly with blood or not; non intact skin; and mucous membrane.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients
Infection control measure to be undertaken by hospital- Use standard precaution for the care of all patients.
This general mandate is necessary because it is sometimes not known if the patient is colonized or infected with certain pathogenic microorganisms.
Barrier precautions reduce the need to handle sharps.
B. Transmission Precautions- The second tier condenses the disease-specific and categories approach to isolation into new transmission categories to be taken based on the route of transmission of organisms like contact precautions, airborne precautions, etc.
These precautions are designed for specific patients with highly transmissible pathogens
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Universal precautions refers to the practice of avoiding contact with patients’ bodily fluids,
by means of the wearing of nonporous such as medical gloves, goggles, and face shields.
• Medical instruments, especially scalpels and hypodermic needles should be handled
carefully and disposed of properly in a sharps container.
• Pathogens fall into two broad categories, blood borne (carried in the body fluids) and air
borne. Standard universal precautions cover both types.
• Universal precautions should be practiced in any environment where workers are exposed to
bodily fluids, such as: Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid,
cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, bodily fluids that do not
require such precautions include: Feces, nasal secretions, urine, vomitus, perspiration,
sputum, saliva
• Universal precautions are the infection control techniques that were recommended
following the AIDS outbreak in the 1980s. Essentially it means the every patient is treated as
if they are infected and therefore precautions are taken to minimize risk. Essentially,
universal precautions are good hygiene habits such as washing and the use of gloves and
3. CONDITIONS INDICATING ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONS
• Disease with airborne transmission (e.g. tuberculosis)
• Disease with droplet transmission (e.g. mumps, rubella,influenza,
pertusis)
• Transmission by direct or indirect contact with dried skin (e.g.
colonization with MRSA) or contaminated surfaces.
• Or any combination of the above.
• Universal precautions are recommended not only for doctors, nurses
and patients, but for health care support workers. Some support
workers, most notably laundry and housekeeping staff, may be required
to come into contact with patients or bodily fluids.
4. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
• Barrier protection should be used at all times to prevent skin and
mucous membrane contamination with blood, body fluids containing
visible blood, or other body fluids. The type of barrier protection used
should be appropriate for the type of procedures being performed and
the type of exposure anticipates. Examples of barrier protection include
disposable, lab coats, gloves, and eye and face protection.
5. • Gloves are to be worn when there is potential for hand or skin contact with blood, other potentially infectious material, or items
and surfaces contaminated with these materials
• Wear face protection (face shield) during procedure that are likely to generate droplet of blood or body fluid to prevent
exposure to mucus membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes.
• Wear protective body clothing when there is a potential for splashing of blood or body fluids,
• Never try to pipette by mouth. Use mechanic pipetting devices instead.
• Wash hands or other skin surface, thoroughly and immediately if contaminate with blood, body fluids containing visible blood or
other body fluids to which universe precautions apply.
• Wash hands immediately after gloves are removed.
• Avoid accidental injuries that can be caused by needles, scalpel blades, laboratory instruments, etc., when performing
procedures, cleaning instruments, handling sharp instruments, and disposing of used needles, pipettes etc.
• Used needles, disposable syringes, scalpel blades pipettes, and other sharp items are to be placed in puncture resistant
containers marked with a biohazard symbol for disposal.
6. PRECAUTIONS ISSUES OF CONCERN
• Airborne precautions should be used for the following infections and
conditions
1. Aspergillosis
2. Herpes Zoster
3. Measles
4. Monkey Pox
5. Severe acute respiratory syndrome
6. Small pox
7. Tuberculosis
8. Varicella Zoster
7. PRECAUTIONS ISSUES OF CONCERN
• Droplet precautions should be used for the followin infections and
conditions
1. Adenovirus
2. Haemophilus influenzae type b
3. Influenza , pandemic
4. Neisseria meningitis
5. Mumps
6. Mycoplasma pneumonia
7. Parvovirus
8. Pertussis
9. Yersinia pestis
10. Group A streptococcus
11. Rhinovirus
12. Rubella
13. Viral hemorrhagic fever
14. Ebola
15. Lassa fever
8. PRECAUTIONS ISSUES OF CONCERN
• Contact precautions should be used for the
following infections and conditions
1. Abscess
2. Adenovirus
3. Diphtheria
4. Hepatitis A
5. Viral conjunctivitis
6. Lice
7. TB
8. Small Pox
9. Polio myelitis
10. Monkey pox
11. Parainfluenza virus
12. Scabies