This document discusses universal banking in India. Universal banking combines commercial banking, investment banking, insurance, and other financial activities under one roof. In India, the Narsimham Committee Report and S.H. Khan Committee Report in 1998 advised consolidating the banking industry through mergers and integrating financial activities, suggesting universal banking. Some large domestic financial institutions in India have been permitted to become universal banks, such as ICICI in 2000. Universal banking allows for economies of scale, profitable diversification, better resource utilization, easy marketing using existing brand names, and one-stop shopping convenience for customers. However, it also presents challenges such as different regulatory requirements for banks versus other financial institutions, lack of expertise in long-term lending, and