1) The document discusses various binary codes like BCD, excess-3 code, and Gray code and how to convert between them. It also discusses weighted and non-weighted binary codes. 2) Multiplexers and demultiplexers are discussed along with different types of multiplexers defined by the number of select lines. Flip-flops, including SR, D, JK, and T flip-flops are also covered. 3) Additional topics covered include binary addition and subtraction using different number systems like 9's and 10's complement, parity generators and checkers, and half and full adders.

1. EE T45 PULSE AND DIGITAL
CIRCUITS
Unit-3

4. Don’t care conditions

5. CODE CONVERSION
There is a wide variety of binary codes used in digital systems.
Some of these codes are. Many times it is required binary coded
decimal (BCD), Excess-3 code and Gray code to convert one code
to another. Binary codes are codes which are represented in
binary system with modification from the original ones.
Weighted Binary Systems
Non Weighted Codes
Weighted Binary Systems
Weighted binary codes are those which obey the positional
weighting principles, each position of the number represents a
specific weight. The binary counting sequence is an example.

6. Decimal 8421 2421 5211 Excess-3
• 0 0000 0000 0000 0011
• 1 0001 0001 0001 0100
• 2 0010 0010 0011 0101
• 3 0011 0011 0101 0110
• 4 0100 0100 0111 0111
• 5 0101 1011 1000 1000
• 6 0110 1100 1010 1001
• 7 0111 1101 1100 1010
• 8 1000 1110 1110 1011
• 9 1001 1111 1111 1100

7. • Non Weighted Codes
• Non weighted codes are codes that are not
positionally weighted. That is, each position
within the binary number is not assigned a fixed
value
• Gray Code:
• It is a weighted code and is a special case of unit
distance code. These codes are also called cyclic
code.
• Applications: If we use gray code to represent
disk position then error due to improper brush
alignment can be reduced.

10. • Excess 3 Code:
• It is a Non weighted code and is a modified form of
BCD code. The excess 3 code can be derived from the
natural BCD code by adding 3 to each coded number.

15. 2 to 1 multiplexer and 4 to 1 multiplexer with ENABLE input

20. DE MUX

30. FLIP FLOPS
• A device that exhibits two stable states is
extremely useful as a memory element in a
binary system.
• Any electrical circuit that has these
characteristics falls into the category of the
device known as Flip Flop.
• While a logic gate is the most basic building
block of combinational logic, its counterpart in
sequential logic is the flip-flop.

31. FLIP FLOPS
• SR flip-flop
• D flip-flop: Has just one input in addition to
the CLOCK input. ...
• JK flip-flop: A common variation of the SR flip-
flop. ...
• T flip-flop: This is simply a JK flip-flop whose
output alternates between HIGH and LOW
with each clock pulse.

41. 7’s Complement Representation

42. 8’s Complement Representation

43. 9’s Complement Representation

44. 10’s Complement Representation

45. 15’s Complement Representation

46. 16’s Complement Representation

52. 9’s Complement subtraction

53. 10’s Complement subtraction

54. BCD ADDITION & SUBTRACTION
• Procedure of BCD Addition

57. Procedure of BCD Subtraction
• (For BCD subtraction refer 9’s & 10’s
Complement subtraction)

59. DeMorgan’s Theorem

60. MINIMIZATION OF BOOLEAN
FUNCTIONS

78. Example -2 BINARY TO EXCESS 3
CONVERTER

81. Example-3
BINARY TO GRAY CODE CONVERTER

82. K map simplification

83. Binary to Gray code converter

84. PARITY GENERATOR & CHECKER

88. MULTIPLEXER.
• A multiplexer or MUX, also called a data
selector, is a combinational circuit with more
than one input line, one output line and more
than one selection line.
MUX Types
2-to-1 (1 select line)
4-to-1 (2 select lines)
8-to-1 (3 select lines)
16-to-1 (4 select lines)

89. 2 to 1 multiplexer

90. 4 to 1 multiplexer
Y = I0𝑆1 𝑆0 +I1𝑆1 S0+I2S1𝑆0 +I3S1S0

99. FLIP FLOPS
• A device that exhibits two stable states is
extremely useful as a memory element in a
binary system.
• Any electrical circuit that has these
characteristics falls into the category of the
device known as Flip Flop.
• While a logic gate is the most basic building
block of combinational logic, its counterpart in
sequential logic is the flip-flop.

100. FLIP FLOPS
• SR flip-flop
• D flip-flop: Has just one input in addition to
the CLOCK input. ...
• JK flip-flop: A common variation of the SR flip-
flop. ...
• T flip-flop: This is simply a JK flip-flop whose
output alternates between HIGH and LOW
with each clock pulse.

118. HALF ADDER AND FULL ADDER
-HALF ADDER

119. HALF ADDER

120. FULL ADDER