Unit testing involves testing individual units or components of an application to ensure they operate as expected. Benefits include improved quality, easier bug catching, safer refactoring, and avoiding fear of changes. A good unit test is automated, independent, isolated, deterministic, fast, unitary, readable, and maintainable. Unit testing frameworks like xUnit provide structures like test fixtures, test cases, assertions, and test runners. Tests can use test doubles like mocks and stubs when dependencies cannot be used directly. State verification tests the object state, while behavior verification asserts interactions with dependencies.
Unit testing involves testing individual units or components of an application to verify that each unit performs as expected. A unit test automates the invocation of a unit of work and checks the expected outcome without relying on other units. Good unit tests are automated, repeatable, easy to implement, run quickly and consistently, and isolate the unit from its dependencies. Integration testing differs in that it involves testing units using real dependencies rather than isolated fakes or stubs. Test-driven development involves writing tests before code so that tests fail initially and then pass after the code is implemented. Unit testing frameworks like NUnit provide attributes to mark tests, expected exceptions, setup and teardown methods, and assertions to validate outcomes.
Everyone says you should test your designs, but expects you to know what that testing should be. Here we briefly look at the kinds of tests (software) engineers might encounter and what the terms being used actually mean. Finally we settle on Unit Testing as a good place to begin the testing process.
NUnit is a unit testing framework for .NET that allows developers to write and run repeatable tests to determine whether code is functioning as intended. Key features of NUnit include support for multiple test assemblies and configuration files, attributes and assertions to structure tests and validate results, and the ability to group tests into categories and run them in isolated test environments using theories and data-driven approaches.
A unit test is an automated piece of code that invokes a unit of work in the system and checks a single assumption about its behavior. A unit of work spans a single logical functional use case that can be invoked through a public interface, such as a method or class. Unit tests are fully automated, isolated, repeatable, fast, and test a single concept. Frameworks like JUnit and MUnit provide tools for writing unit tests in Java and Mule applications.
Unit Testing with NUnit introduces unit testing and the NUnit testing framework. It demonstrates writing basic tests for a method that finds the closest number in an array to a given input. The document emphasizes that unit testing leads to code that is easier to change and improve, as tests allow refactoring without breaking existing functionality. It also notes that code should be designed and structured to facilitate testing, and legacy code without tests is difficult to refactor safely.
Unit testing allows developers to test individual modules of an application to check for functional correctness. In Xcode, a unit test target can be created for an existing project to write and run unit tests. Unit tests should be independent, fast, and isolated. Dependency injection techniques like constructor injection and property injection allow injecting mock objects to test asynchronous code. Test doubles like stubs and mocks can fake object interactions and behavior to isolate the code being tested.
Unit testing involves testing individual units or components of an application to verify that each unit performs as expected. A unit test automates the invocation of a unit of work and checks the expected outcome without relying on other units. Good unit tests are automated, repeatable, easy to implement, run quickly and consistently, and isolate the unit from its dependencies. Integration testing differs in that it involves testing units using real dependencies rather than isolated fakes or stubs. Test-driven development involves writing tests before code so that tests fail initially and then pass after the code is implemented. Unit testing frameworks like NUnit provide attributes to mark tests, expected exceptions, setup and teardown methods, and assertions to validate outcomes.
Everyone says you should test your designs, but expects you to know what that testing should be. Here we briefly look at the kinds of tests (software) engineers might encounter and what the terms being used actually mean. Finally we settle on Unit Testing as a good place to begin the testing process.
NUnit is a unit testing framework for .NET that allows developers to write and run repeatable tests to determine whether code is functioning as intended. Key features of NUnit include support for multiple test assemblies and configuration files, attributes and assertions to structure tests and validate results, and the ability to group tests into categories and run them in isolated test environments using theories and data-driven approaches.
A unit test is an automated piece of code that invokes a unit of work in the system and checks a single assumption about its behavior. A unit of work spans a single logical functional use case that can be invoked through a public interface, such as a method or class. Unit tests are fully automated, isolated, repeatable, fast, and test a single concept. Frameworks like JUnit and MUnit provide tools for writing unit tests in Java and Mule applications.
Unit Testing with NUnit introduces unit testing and the NUnit testing framework. It demonstrates writing basic tests for a method that finds the closest number in an array to a given input. The document emphasizes that unit testing leads to code that is easier to change and improve, as tests allow refactoring without breaking existing functionality. It also notes that code should be designed and structured to facilitate testing, and legacy code without tests is difficult to refactor safely.
Unit testing allows developers to test individual modules of an application to check for functional correctness. In Xcode, a unit test target can be created for an existing project to write and run unit tests. Unit tests should be independent, fast, and isolated. Dependency injection techniques like constructor injection and property injection allow injecting mock objects to test asynchronous code. Test doubles like stubs and mocks can fake object interactions and behavior to isolate the code being tested.
What is TestNG in Selenium? TestNG is a data driven framework that allows to group, prioritise and order your test case in the most convenient manner YOU descire. Let's see more about it.
There are different types of action filters in MVC including authorization filters, action filters, and result filters. Action filters can be applied to individual action methods or all methods on a controller. The main action filter methods are OnActionExecuting which runs before the action method, OnActionExecuted which runs after, OnResultExecuting before the ActionResult, and OnResultExecuted after. References for more information on action filters are provided.
Test-driven development (TDD) involves writing unit tests before writing application code. TDD promotes writing high-quality code and prevents regressions. It follows a "red-green-refactor" process of writing a failing test, making it pass by writing minimal code, and refactoring the code. Unit test frameworks allow automating tests and isolating code dependencies using techniques like stubs, fakes, and mocks. Tests should be organized into test classes and follow a lifecycle of setup, execution, and teardown.
The document compares the Java unit testing frameworks JUnit and TestNG. JUnit was one of the first unit testing frameworks for Java but TestNG was created later to provide more out-of-the-box features. Both frameworks can be used for unit testing but TestNG provides more support for test grouping, parallelization, data-driven and parameterized tests. While JUnit is sufficient for basic unit testing, TestNG has additional features that make it more suitable for integration and acceptance testing scenarios.
Introduction to testing with MSTest, Visual Studio, and Team Foundation Serve...Thomas Weller
Intro to the MSTest framework (aka. Visual Studio Unit Testing), some additional tools (e.g. Moq, Moles, White), how this is supported in Visual Studio, and how it integrates into the broader context of the TFS environment.
TestNG is a testing framework for Java that provides flexibility in test configuration and execution. It allows tests to be run in parallel and in groups. Key features include dependency management between tests using annotations, parameterized testing, exception handling, and listeners to customize reporting. TestNG offers more flexibility and features than JUnit, while both frameworks can be used together in TestNG's mixed mode.
TestNG is an automated testing framework for Java that supports unit testing and integration testing. It is similar to JUnit but designed to be more flexible. TestNG allows writing test code and adding annotations to define tests, groups, dependencies between tests, parameterized tests, and more. TestNG configurations and tests can be defined in XML files to control test execution order and filtering.
This document provides an introduction to JUnit, a unit testing framework for Java. It discusses key concepts like unit testing, test phases (setup, exercise, verify, teardown), test fixtures, JUnit features, annotations like @Test and @Before, assertion statements to validate test results, and best practices for writing unit tests. The goal of JUnit and unit testing is to test code at the component level to find and fix bugs early in the development process.
Beginners - Get Started With Unit Testing in .NETBaskar K
Beginners - Get started with unit testing in .NET. Introduction to unit testing and mocking.. List of unit testing frameworks available in .NET - NUnit, xUnit.net, Visual Studio unit test framework. List of mocking frameworks available in .NET - Moq, Rhino Mocks, FakeItEasy, NSubstitue, JustMock, and TypeMock. Introduction to Visual Studio Unit Testing Framework, NUnit and xUnit.net.
This document introduces Nfluent, an ergonomic check library for .NET TDD that aims to make tests more fluent to write, read, and troubleshoot. It discusses how Nfluent provides auto-completion of available checks, clear error messages, and the ability to create custom check methods. The document also presents Nfluent's definition of done.
Unit tests give developers and testers a quick way to look for logic errors in the methods of classes in Visual C#, Visual Basic, and Visual C++ projects. A unit test can be created one time and run every time that source code is changed to make sure that no bugs are introduced.
IT Talk in Odessa for QA Automation/SDET engineers on 26/12/2016:
https://dou.ua/calendar/13626/
https://dataart.ru/events/odessa/it-talk-odessa-testng-vs-junit/
JUnit 4 code on github: https://github.com/a-oleynik/junit-workshop/tree/junit-4.13.2
TestNG code on github: https://github.com/a-oleynik/testng-workshop
Webinar on youtube (it was the next version but only a few slides and details were added): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3C-Nu5mkyOQ&t=3189
This document provides an overview of TestNG, an open source automated testing framework. It discusses TestNG annotations that can be used to identify test methods and configure test execution. It also covers TestNG XML for defining test suites, groups, parameters. The document explains how to integrate TestNG with Selenium for browser automation and how to use TestNG listeners.
Unit testing in WordPress provides time-saving and infallible testing by checking code assumptions in an automated way. PHPUnit is a commonly used CLI tool for running and reporting WordPress unit tests. Effective unit tests should be isolated, readable, quick, and follow an Arrange, Act, Assert pattern where preconditions are set up, the code is invoked, and results are asserted to expected behavior.
Why another test framework in dotnet ? In this presentation, I will try to convince you to switch to xUnit. Main concepts & extensibility points are covered here. Happy testing !
The document discusses NUnit, an open source unit testing framework for .NET. It describes what NUnit is, how to install and use it, key concepts like test fixtures and methods, and provides an example of writing unit tests for a calculator class using NUnit's attributes. The document also covers running tests via the NUnit GUI or console, and examining the output XML file for test results.
This presentation describes the some of the major functionality of JUnit4 and TestNG .Each topic contains example so that a viewer can understand the usage and apply them in their code.
This document provides information about TestNG, an open source Java testing framework created by Cédric Beust. It discusses TestNG features like annotations, parameters, data-driven testing, dependencies, and integration with Selenium. TestNG allows writing flexible tests with features like data providers, groups, parallel test execution, and built-in assertions. The document also provides references to learn more about TestNG through books, tutorials, videos and the TestNG website.
This document provides an introduction to unit testing using the NUnit framework. It defines unit testing as developer tests that validate code works as expected. Unit tests are part of the construction cycle and sit between technical design and QA testing in the software development lifecycle. Benefits of unit testing include early defect detection, better code design, regression protection, and learning new APIs. The document then describes NUnit attributes that mark test fixtures and methods. It also covers NUnit assertions for verification. Examples are provided of test-driven development and using NUnit for continuous integration.
TestNG is an automated testing framework that introduces improvements over JUnit, such as supporting annotations, testing integrated classes by default without creating new instances, and flexible runtime configuration of test groups and parallel testing. It uses Java features like annotations and allows configuration of test suites, classes, methods, and more using XML files.
TDD is a design technique where tests are written before code to determine requirements. The Red-Green-Refactor process is followed: 1) Write a test that fails (red), 2) Write minimum code to pass the test (green), 3) Refactor code. TDD ensures quality, keeps code simple and testable, and allows for rapid change. Writing tests first helps design by clarifying requirements and preventing bugs.
What is TestNG in Selenium? TestNG is a data driven framework that allows to group, prioritise and order your test case in the most convenient manner YOU descire. Let's see more about it.
There are different types of action filters in MVC including authorization filters, action filters, and result filters. Action filters can be applied to individual action methods or all methods on a controller. The main action filter methods are OnActionExecuting which runs before the action method, OnActionExecuted which runs after, OnResultExecuting before the ActionResult, and OnResultExecuted after. References for more information on action filters are provided.
Test-driven development (TDD) involves writing unit tests before writing application code. TDD promotes writing high-quality code and prevents regressions. It follows a "red-green-refactor" process of writing a failing test, making it pass by writing minimal code, and refactoring the code. Unit test frameworks allow automating tests and isolating code dependencies using techniques like stubs, fakes, and mocks. Tests should be organized into test classes and follow a lifecycle of setup, execution, and teardown.
The document compares the Java unit testing frameworks JUnit and TestNG. JUnit was one of the first unit testing frameworks for Java but TestNG was created later to provide more out-of-the-box features. Both frameworks can be used for unit testing but TestNG provides more support for test grouping, parallelization, data-driven and parameterized tests. While JUnit is sufficient for basic unit testing, TestNG has additional features that make it more suitable for integration and acceptance testing scenarios.
Introduction to testing with MSTest, Visual Studio, and Team Foundation Serve...Thomas Weller
Intro to the MSTest framework (aka. Visual Studio Unit Testing), some additional tools (e.g. Moq, Moles, White), how this is supported in Visual Studio, and how it integrates into the broader context of the TFS environment.
TestNG is a testing framework for Java that provides flexibility in test configuration and execution. It allows tests to be run in parallel and in groups. Key features include dependency management between tests using annotations, parameterized testing, exception handling, and listeners to customize reporting. TestNG offers more flexibility and features than JUnit, while both frameworks can be used together in TestNG's mixed mode.
TestNG is an automated testing framework for Java that supports unit testing and integration testing. It is similar to JUnit but designed to be more flexible. TestNG allows writing test code and adding annotations to define tests, groups, dependencies between tests, parameterized tests, and more. TestNG configurations and tests can be defined in XML files to control test execution order and filtering.
This document provides an introduction to JUnit, a unit testing framework for Java. It discusses key concepts like unit testing, test phases (setup, exercise, verify, teardown), test fixtures, JUnit features, annotations like @Test and @Before, assertion statements to validate test results, and best practices for writing unit tests. The goal of JUnit and unit testing is to test code at the component level to find and fix bugs early in the development process.
Beginners - Get Started With Unit Testing in .NETBaskar K
Beginners - Get started with unit testing in .NET. Introduction to unit testing and mocking.. List of unit testing frameworks available in .NET - NUnit, xUnit.net, Visual Studio unit test framework. List of mocking frameworks available in .NET - Moq, Rhino Mocks, FakeItEasy, NSubstitue, JustMock, and TypeMock. Introduction to Visual Studio Unit Testing Framework, NUnit and xUnit.net.
This document introduces Nfluent, an ergonomic check library for .NET TDD that aims to make tests more fluent to write, read, and troubleshoot. It discusses how Nfluent provides auto-completion of available checks, clear error messages, and the ability to create custom check methods. The document also presents Nfluent's definition of done.
Unit tests give developers and testers a quick way to look for logic errors in the methods of classes in Visual C#, Visual Basic, and Visual C++ projects. A unit test can be created one time and run every time that source code is changed to make sure that no bugs are introduced.
IT Talk in Odessa for QA Automation/SDET engineers on 26/12/2016:
https://dou.ua/calendar/13626/
https://dataart.ru/events/odessa/it-talk-odessa-testng-vs-junit/
JUnit 4 code on github: https://github.com/a-oleynik/junit-workshop/tree/junit-4.13.2
TestNG code on github: https://github.com/a-oleynik/testng-workshop
Webinar on youtube (it was the next version but only a few slides and details were added): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3C-Nu5mkyOQ&t=3189
This document provides an overview of TestNG, an open source automated testing framework. It discusses TestNG annotations that can be used to identify test methods and configure test execution. It also covers TestNG XML for defining test suites, groups, parameters. The document explains how to integrate TestNG with Selenium for browser automation and how to use TestNG listeners.
Unit testing in WordPress provides time-saving and infallible testing by checking code assumptions in an automated way. PHPUnit is a commonly used CLI tool for running and reporting WordPress unit tests. Effective unit tests should be isolated, readable, quick, and follow an Arrange, Act, Assert pattern where preconditions are set up, the code is invoked, and results are asserted to expected behavior.
Why another test framework in dotnet ? In this presentation, I will try to convince you to switch to xUnit. Main concepts & extensibility points are covered here. Happy testing !
The document discusses NUnit, an open source unit testing framework for .NET. It describes what NUnit is, how to install and use it, key concepts like test fixtures and methods, and provides an example of writing unit tests for a calculator class using NUnit's attributes. The document also covers running tests via the NUnit GUI or console, and examining the output XML file for test results.
This presentation describes the some of the major functionality of JUnit4 and TestNG .Each topic contains example so that a viewer can understand the usage and apply them in their code.
This document provides information about TestNG, an open source Java testing framework created by Cédric Beust. It discusses TestNG features like annotations, parameters, data-driven testing, dependencies, and integration with Selenium. TestNG allows writing flexible tests with features like data providers, groups, parallel test execution, and built-in assertions. The document also provides references to learn more about TestNG through books, tutorials, videos and the TestNG website.
This document provides an introduction to unit testing using the NUnit framework. It defines unit testing as developer tests that validate code works as expected. Unit tests are part of the construction cycle and sit between technical design and QA testing in the software development lifecycle. Benefits of unit testing include early defect detection, better code design, regression protection, and learning new APIs. The document then describes NUnit attributes that mark test fixtures and methods. It also covers NUnit assertions for verification. Examples are provided of test-driven development and using NUnit for continuous integration.
TestNG is an automated testing framework that introduces improvements over JUnit, such as supporting annotations, testing integrated classes by default without creating new instances, and flexible runtime configuration of test groups and parallel testing. It uses Java features like annotations and allows configuration of test suites, classes, methods, and more using XML files.
TDD is a design technique where tests are written before code to determine requirements. The Red-Green-Refactor process is followed: 1) Write a test that fails (red), 2) Write minimum code to pass the test (green), 3) Refactor code. TDD ensures quality, keeps code simple and testable, and allows for rapid change. Writing tests first helps design by clarifying requirements and preventing bugs.
JUnit is an open source unit testing framework for Java applications. It was written by Erich Gamma and Kent Beck and is part of the xUnit family of unit testing frameworks. JUnit allows developers to write test cases that test individual classes and methods. These test cases can be grouped into test suites and run automatically to ensure code meets requirements and to catch errors early in the development process. JUnit includes annotations like @Test to identify test methods and asserts to validate method output. It integrates with development tools like Eclipse to provide test results.
JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java programming language. It was originally written by Kent Beck and Erich Gamma. Some key points:
- JUnit was one of the first unit testing frameworks for Java and has become the de facto standard.
- It allows writing and running repeatable tests to help find and prevent bugs. Tests are written in plain Java classes and methods.
- JUnit provides annotations like @Test, @Before, @After to identify test methods and set up/tear down methods.
- It includes assertions for validations and will report failures immediately. Tests can be organized into test suites.
Automation testing uses tools to write and execute test scripts to compare actual and expected results. It can save time and costs compared to manual testing if properly planned and scoped. Popular automation testing tools include QTP, Rational Robot, and Selenium. Unit testing frameworks like JUnit help find problems early using annotations to identify test setup and methods. Assertions in test methods verify code outputs match expectations.
Unit Testing Basics discusses the definition, types, benefits, and best practices of unit testing. The key points are:
- Unit tests verify small elements of code like classes or methods and have characteristics like being fast, isolated, repeatable, and self-checking.
- Different types of tests include unit tests, component tests, system tests, and functional tests which test at different scopes and have varying execution times.
- Well-designed unit tests provide benefits like documentation, error detection, and code improvements. Tests should be written before code using techniques like test-driven development.
- Frameworks like EasyMock can be used to create test doubles and mock objects to isolate the system under test and verify
Unit testing and acceptance testing have different purposes:
- Unit testing is done by developers during development to test individual code units and find faults, while acceptance testing is done after development and specified by customers to test that system meets requirements.
- Unit tests are automated and test small parts of code, while acceptance tests test larger parts of the system or whole system and are often manual.
- Unit tests are written before code is developed, while acceptance tests are written after code is developed to verify it meets customer needs.
Principles and patterns for test driven developmentStephen Fuqua
Developed to help introduce key topics in Test Driven Development, for new and veteran developers alike. Some examples are language-specific (C# / MSTest / Moq), but the principles apply to any object oriented language.
Unit testing involves testing individual units or components of an application to ensure they operate as expected. The UnitTest++ and HippoMocks frameworks allow writing and running unit tests in C++. UnitTest++ provides macros and functions to define tests and make assertions while HippoMocks allows mocking dependencies to isolate units during testing.
JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java that allows developers to write and run repeatable automated tests to determine whether changes introduce bugs. Key features include annotations to identify test methods, assertions to validate expected results, and test runners to execute tests. Tests are organized into classes following conventions like naming test classes with "Test" and methods with "test". JUnit provides components like fixtures, assertions, test suites, and rules to structure tests. It supports various testing scenarios including parameterized, ignored, timed, and exception tests.
Unit tests test individual methods, integration tests test interactions between components, functional tests verify outputs without checking internals, and end-to-end tests perform complex scenarios like payments. Acceptance tests replicate user behaviors across the entire application. Performance tests evaluate behavior under load. Smoke tests check proper functioning after deployment. Frameworks like JUnit, TestNG, Cucumber, and Mockito support different test types.
QtTest is a unit testing framework that comes with Qt. It provides classes and methods for building test fixtures to test units of code. QtTest allows testing signals without needing to write slots using QSignalSpy. It can also simulate user events like mouse clicks and key presses. While QtTest is useful for unit testing, it does not provide isolation of dependencies between units. Tests using QtTest should focus on testing one thing at a time and creating new objects for each test to isolate the code being tested.
Slides from Software Testing Techniques course offered at Kansas State University in Spring'16 and Spring'17. Entire course material can be found at https://github.com/rvprasad/software-testing-course.
Unit testing involves writing individual units of code to determine if they are functioning properly, where a unit is the smallest testable part like a method or class; it ensures code is properly designed and functions as intended when client uses the interface, but should not rely on external resources or other subsystems to avoid integration testing. Unit testing finds bugs early, allows for safe refactoring, and improves code quality and developer focus through documentation and feedback from running tests automatically.
This document provides an introduction to JUnit, Mockito, and PowerMockito for unit testing in Java. It defines unit testing and describes JUnit as a unit testing framework for Java that provides annotations, assertions, and test runners. Mockito allows mocking of dependencies to test classes in isolation using annotations like @Mock, @Spy, and @InjectMocks. PowerMockito extends Mockito to allow mocking of final, static, and private methods. The document provides examples of using Mockito and PowerMockito annotations and methods to mock dependencies, exceptions, void and private methods.
JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java that allows developers to write and run repeatable automated tests of Java code. Key aspects of JUnit include:
1. Tests are written by creating test classes that extend JUnit's TestCase class and contain test methods with names beginning with "test".
2. Tests use JUnit's assert methods like assertEquals to make assertions and determine whether the test passed or failed.
3. Annotations like @Before and @After allow setting up fixtures that run before and after each test.
4. The TestRunner class collects and runs all test cases and reports results.
5. Tests can be organized into test suites to group related tests and control execution
The document discusses best practices for unit testing code. It defines what a unit test is and explains why unit testing is important for finding bugs early and increasing quality assurance. It provides terminology around unit testing, including definitions of test-driven development, test fixtures, assertions, and mocks. The document outlines several best practices for writing unit tests, such as making tests consistent, atomic, single responsibility, self-descriptive, and separating tests by business module and type. It also advises not including conditional logic, loops, exception handling, or test logic in production code.
Software testing
Developers Belief on Software Testing
Developers Responsibility for testing
Test writing methods
State based testing
Behavioural/interaction based testing
Writing a Testable Code
Flaw 1 - Constructor does Real Work
Flaw 2 - API lies about it's real dependencies
Flaw 3 - Brittle Global State & Singletons
Testing Frameworks and tools for Java...
Mockito and PowerMock...
Testing Models
Stubs Based Testing Model
Mocked Objects Based Testing Model
JUit 4.+ and TestNG
https://www.adroitlogic.com
https://developer.adroitlogic.com
This document provides an introduction to test-driven development (TDD). It defines TDD, discusses its principles and benefits, and demonstrates techniques like "fake it till you make it" and triangulation through an example coding exercise. The key points are that TDD involves writing automated tests before code, following a red-green-refactor process, and helps create loosely coupled, well-tested code through incremental design. It encourages practicing TDD through coding katas and reading related literature.
Apache Spark é um framework para processamento de dados distribuído que suporta processamento em lote e em streaming. Ele possui APIs para manipulação de dados estruturados e não estruturados de forma paralela em clusters. Apache Spark também fornece ferramentas para armazenamento, recuperação e análise de grandes volumes de dados.
Kafka is an open-source message broker that provides high-throughput and low-latency data processing. It uses a distributed commit log to store messages in categories called topics. Processes that publish messages are producers, while processes that subscribe to topics are consumers. Consumers can belong to consumer groups for parallel processing. Kafka guarantees order and no lost messages. It uses Zookeeper for metadata and coordination.
This document discusses Cassandra and how it influences application development. It covers relational and column family databases, Cassandra concepts like its architecture and CQL, and how to model data in Cassandra including the conceptual, logical and physical modeling process. It also discusses Cassandra specific concepts like primary keys, partition keys, clustering columns, and anti-patterns to avoid.
This document provides an overview of recommender systems including background information, implementation details, and a demonstration. It discusses machine learning applications like unsupervised learning, linear regression, and gradient descent algorithms. It covers content-based filtering using known product features and collaborative filtering to identify unknown product features. Examples are given on using linear regression and gradient descent to make predictions for skills data and handle unknown values.
This presentation was presented by Ricardo Wendell and I in QCon Rio 2015. Here we talk about data lakes, agile analytics and how to implement it with Hadoop and Spark.
More from João Paulo Leonidas Fernandes Dias da Silva (7)
Using Query Store in Azure PostgreSQL to Understand Query PerformanceGrant Fritchey
Microsoft has added an excellent new extension in PostgreSQL on their Azure Platform. This session, presented at Posette 2024, covers what Query Store is and the types of information you can get out of it.
SMS API Integration in Saudi Arabia| Best SMS API ServiceYara Milbes
Discover the benefits and implementation of SMS API integration in the UAE and Middle East. This comprehensive guide covers the importance of SMS messaging APIs, the advantages of bulk SMS APIs, and real-world case studies. Learn how CEQUENS, a leader in communication solutions, can help your business enhance customer engagement and streamline operations with innovative CPaaS, reliable SMS APIs, and omnichannel solutions, including WhatsApp Business. Perfect for businesses seeking to optimize their communication strategies in the digital age.
E-commerce Development Services- Hornet DynamicsHornet Dynamics
For any business hoping to succeed in the digital age, having a strong online presence is crucial. We offer Ecommerce Development Services that are customized according to your business requirements and client preferences, enabling you to create a dynamic, safe, and user-friendly online store.
Most important New features of Oracle 23c for DBAs and Developers. You can get more idea from my youtube channel video from https://youtu.be/XvL5WtaC20A
Transform Your Communication with Cloud-Based IVR SolutionsTheSMSPoint
Discover the power of Cloud-Based IVR Solutions to streamline communication processes. Embrace scalability and cost-efficiency while enhancing customer experiences with features like automated call routing and voice recognition. Accessible from anywhere, these solutions integrate seamlessly with existing systems, providing real-time analytics for continuous improvement. Revolutionize your communication strategy today with Cloud-Based IVR Solutions. Learn more at: https://thesmspoint.com/channel/cloud-telephony
Artificia Intellicence and XPath Extension FunctionsOctavian Nadolu
The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of how you can use AI from XSLT, XQuery, Schematron, or XML Refactoring operations, the potential benefits of using AI, and some of the challenges we face.
How Can Hiring A Mobile App Development Company Help Your Business Grow?ToXSL Technologies
ToXSL Technologies is an award-winning Mobile App Development Company in Dubai that helps businesses reshape their digital possibilities with custom app services. As a top app development company in Dubai, we offer highly engaging iOS & Android app solutions. https://rb.gy/necdnt
Mobile app Development Services | Drona InfotechDrona Infotech
Drona Infotech is one of the Best Mobile App Development Company In Noida Maintenance and ongoing support. mobile app development Services can help you maintain and support your app after it has been launched. This includes fixing bugs, adding new features, and keeping your app up-to-date with the latest
Visit Us For :
Everything You Need to Know About X-Sign: The eSign Functionality of XfilesPr...XfilesPro
Wondering how X-Sign gained popularity in a quick time span? This eSign functionality of XfilesPro DocuPrime has many advancements to offer for Salesforce users. Explore them now!
What to do when you have a perfect model for your software but you are constrained by an imperfect business model?
This talk explores the challenges of bringing modelling rigour to the business and strategy levels, and talking to your non-technical counterparts in the process.
E-Invoicing Implementation: A Step-by-Step Guide for Saudi Arabian CompaniesQuickdice ERP
Explore the seamless transition to e-invoicing with this comprehensive guide tailored for Saudi Arabian businesses. Navigate the process effortlessly with step-by-step instructions designed to streamline implementation and enhance efficiency.
UI5con 2024 - Keynote: Latest News about UI5 and it’s EcosystemPeter Muessig
Learn about the latest innovations in and around OpenUI5/SAPUI5: UI5 Tooling, UI5 linter, UI5 Web Components, Web Components Integration, UI5 2.x, UI5 GenAI.
Recording:
https://www.youtube.com/live/MSdGLG2zLy8?si=INxBHTqkwHhxV5Ta&t=0
Microservice Teams - How the cloud changes the way we workSven Peters
A lot of technical challenges and complexity come with building a cloud-native and distributed architecture. The way we develop backend software has fundamentally changed in the last ten years. Managing a microservices architecture demands a lot of us to ensure observability and operational resiliency. But did you also change the way you run your development teams?
Sven will talk about Atlassian’s journey from a monolith to a multi-tenanted architecture and how it affected the way the engineering teams work. You will learn how we shifted to service ownership, moved to more autonomous teams (and its challenges), and established platform and enablement teams.
Malibou Pitch Deck For Its €3M Seed Roundsjcobrien
French start-up Malibou raised a €3 million Seed Round to develop its payroll and human resources
management platform for VSEs and SMEs. The financing round was led by investors Breega, Y Combinator, and FCVC.
2. What’s unit testing?
• Software development process.
• Tests smallest parts of an application.
• Individually and independently.
• Always automated.
13. A (N)unit test structure
[TestFixture]
public class SimpleTest
{
[Test]
public void ShouldDoSomething()
{
//Given
//When
//Then
}
}
14. A simple class (SUT)
public class Calculator
{
private double amount;
public Calculator ()
{
amount = 0;
}
public void SetAmount(double value)
{
amount = value;
}
public double GetAmount()
{
return amount;
}
public Calculator Add(double value)
{
amount += value;
return this;
}
}
15. A simple (N)unit test
[TestFixture]
public class CalculatorTest
{
[Test]
public void ShouldAddAPositiveAmount()
{
//Given
Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
var initialAmount = 10;
var amountToAdd = 30;
var expectedAmount = 40;
calculator.SetAmount(initialAmount);
//When
calculator.Add(amountToAdd);
//Then
Assert.AreEqual(expectedAmount, calculator.GetAmount());
}
}
16. A class with a dependency
public class Calculator
{
private double amount;
private MathProcessor mathProcessor;
public Calculator (MathProcessor mathProcessor)
{
amount = 0;
self.mathProcessor = mathProcessor;
}
public void SetAmount(double value)
{
amount = value;
}
public double GetAmount()
{
return amount;
}
public Calculator Add(double value)
{
if (value > 1000000) {
amount = mathProcessor.Add(amount, value);
} else {
amount += value;
}
return this;
}
}
17. A test using mock
[TestFixture]
public class CalculatorTest
{
[Test]
public void ShouldUseMathProcessorForLargeNumbers()
{
//Given
var initialAmount = 10;
var amountToAdd = 3000000;
var expectedAmount = 3000010;
var mathProcessorMock = new Mock<MathProcessor>();
mathProcessorMock.Setup(m=>m.Add()).
Returns(expectedAmount);
Calculator calculator =
new Calculator(mathProcessor.Object);
calculator.SetAmount(initialAmount);
//When
calculator.Add(amountToAdd);
//Then
mathProcessorMock.Verify(m=>m.Add(initialAmount, amountToAdd));
}
}
24. State vs Behaviour cont.
• Excessive use of mocking can lead to the following
issues:
• Tests can be harder to understand.
• Tests can be harder to maintain.
• Tests can become less trustworthy.
• Tests can become tautological.
25. Unit Tests Myths
• It’s a waste of time
• It makes changes more difficult to make
• It slows down the development process
• But it’s such simple code, why write a test?
• Unit testing increases development costs
26. Making your code testable
• Avoid using singletons and/or static classes and
methods.
• If it’s not possible, try using DI.
• Avoid too many dependencies (more than 3).
29. References
• The Art of Unit Testing, 2nd Edition, Osherove, Roy
• xUnit Test Patterns, Meszaros, Gerard
• http://googletesting.blogspot.com.br/search/label/Tot
T
• http://artofunittesting.com/
Editor's Notes
Unit testing is a software development process in which the smallest testable parts of an application, called units, are individually and independently scrutinised for proper operation. Unit testing is always automated.
1) To focus on quality from the start - it’s impossible for a QA to ad-hoc test the whole system. The best person to test a functionality is the one who developed it.
2) To automate tests - unit tests should always be automated. Automation prevents human errors like forgetting to test a functionality.
3) To catch bugs earlier in the development process - the later in the development process you find a bug, the more expensive it will be to fix it.
1) To document your code - an example in code is better than lots of lines of text documentation.
2) To improve design (if using TDD) - writing tests first makes your design evolve as needed. You implement a small functionality, makes sure it works and then evolves it. Following this process iteratively often leads to a more simple and elegant design than trying to do everything up front.
3) To allow safe refactoring - refactoring without unit tests is dangerous and error prone.
4) To reduce fear - unit tests encourage us to make changes without the fear of breaking anything.
A unit test is an automated piece of code that invokes the unit of work being tested, and then checks some assumptions about a single end result of that unit.
A unit of work is a single logical functional use case in the system that can be invoked by some public interface.
A unit of work can span a single method, a whole class or multiple classes working together to achieve one single logical purpose that can be verified.
1) Integration tests are tests that verify the interface between system components or modules, like external services, databases and file systems.
2) End to end tests are tests that traverse all the system layers (e.g. from the UI down to the database).
Both types of tests can be automated.
Needs to be able to be fully automated. There’s should be no need for any external intervention in order to run the test.
2) It can be run in any order if part of many other tests. There should be no dependencies between tests.
3) It has full control over all the pieces running. Doubles may be used to achieve this isolation when needed. A unit test runs in memory. There’s no DB or File access, for example.
4) Consistently returns the same result (deterministic). You always run the same test, so no random numbers, for example. Save those for integration tests.
1) Runs fast.
2) Tests a single logical concept in the system.
3) Readable.
4) Maintainable.
5) Trustworthy. When you see its result, you don’t need to debug the code just to be sure.
xUnit - is the collective name for several unit testing frameworks that derive their structure and functionality from Smalltalk's SUnit.
SUnit, designed by Kent Beck in 1998. It was written in a highly-structured object-oriented style, which lent easily to contemporary languages such as Java (JUnit) and C# (NUnit).
Test Runner - Is an executable program that runs tests implemented using an xUnit framework and reports the test results.
Test Case - Is the most elemental class. All unit tests are inherited from here.
Test Fixtures - A test fixture (also known as a test context) is the set of preconditions or state needed to run a test. The developer should set up a known good state before the tests, and return to the original state after the tests.
Test Suites - A test suite is a set of tests that all share the same fixture. The order of the tests shouldn't matter.
Assertions - An assertion is a function or macro that verifies the state (or behaviour) of the unit under test. Usually an assertion expresses a logical condition that is true for results expected in a correctly running system under test (SUT). Failure of an assertion typically throws an exception, aborting the execution of the current test.
Test Result Formatter - A test runner produces results in one or more output formats. In addition to a plain, human-readable format, there is often a test result formatter that produces XML output.
Whenever the SUT has a dependency and it’s not possible (or desirable) to use the actual implementation, we use test doubles to satisfy this dependency so our tests can run properly.
1) Dummy objects are passed around but never actually used. Usually they are just used to fill parameter lists.
2) Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an InMemoryTestDatabase is a good example).
3) Stubs are objects that provide canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test.
We use stubs when we want to isolate our SUT from its dependencies.
4) Spies are stubs that also record some information based on how they were called. One form of this might be an email service that records how many messages it was sent.
5) Mocks are objects that are pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive.
We use mocks when we want to test the behaviour of our SUT. We do that by verifying if the expected methods of the mock were called or not.
A mock framework (Moq, RhinoMocks, etc.) can create both mocks and stubs.
The differences between mocks and stubs are the following:
You DO NOT assert against stubs. They are used only to replace the actual dependency implementation in order to isolate the SUT from its dependencies.
You DO/MUST assert against mocks. Most mocks frameworks provide a method called verify which is used to check whether the expectations that were set on the mock object were met, i.e, the methods were actually called.
We can say that mocks are stubs that are used in assertions. A mock can make a test fail, a stub can’t.
It’s when, after you call the method under test, you assert against the object state to check if this method left the object in the expected state.
In this case we want to make sure the method under test sets the object state correctly.
It’s when, after you call the method under test, you assert against the mock(s) to check if the expectations were met, i.e, the expected methods on the mock(s) were called.
In this case we want to make sure the method under test is calling its dependencies methods correctly. (Right order, right parameters, etc.)
When to test state?
Whenever it’s possible, i.e, when the method under test changes the state of the object being tested or returns a result (not void).
When to test behaviour?
1) When the method under test has no side effect on the object being tested and/or does not return a result. Example: a Save method which does not change the state of the object being saved but calls a Logger class to log success or failure of the Save method.
2) When testing the return result and/or state of the object under test is not enough to guarantee correctness. Example: A Save method that returns the saved object also needs to decide if it should log to the file system or send an email, depending on a given business rule, although its result will always be the same (The saved object).
3) When the number and order of the calls to dependencies methods matter. If you need to guarantee that a call to the Save method will send only one email or log only one entry to the file system.
Sometimes, testing only the behaviour does not guarantee that the returned result will be correct. You may end up just checking if the dependencies are being called correctly and not if they are doing the right thing.
Excessive use of mocking can lead to the following issues:
1) Tests can be harder to understand - all that mock set up can distract you from the actual purpose of the test.
2) Tests can be harder to maintain - When you set up a mock you’re leaking implementation details into your test. If you change the implementation you also need to change your tests. Tests should know little or nothing about the implementation and focus only in the public interface of the SUT.
3) Tests can become less trustworthy - When you tell a mock how to behave, the only assurance you get with your tests is that your code will work if your mocks behave exactly like your real implementations. This can be very hard to guarantee, and the problem gets worse as your code changes over time, as the behaviour of the real implementations is likely to get out of sync with your mocks.
4) Tests can become tautological, i.e, redundant. A tautological tests it’s just a copy of the implementation.
1) What’s a waste of time?
· Fixing the same bugs over and over
· Writing and rewriting proofs throughout the development process
· Fixing one bug, only to have another one magically appearing somewhere else
· Getting interrupted in the middle of coding and completely losing your way.
Resistance to unit testing is understandable, but many developers come around to understand its benefits once they complete a project with unit testing.
2) Not only is this false, it’s in fact the opposite. One of the biggest benefits of doing unit testing is the ability to implement large changes and immediately check that your changes have been done properly. Making changes and then later realizing that it’s affected other parts of your software, and then trying to isolate what caused the issue, is what not only makes changes difficult to make, it also causes developers to be wary of making changes.
3) Running unit tests might initially make the process seem slower, but the reality is that it saves time by preventing mistakes and recognizing them before the process goes too far. It also allows developers to have more confidence in the work they’ve already completed, thus clearing the way for progress. And throughout the life of the development process, the advantages of using unit testing can result in spending less time.
4) It seems simple, until something goes wrong. And then things aren’t so simple any more. Writing a unit test, even for simple code, adds stability and security to a project.
5) By decreasing the difficulty of implementing large changes, developers can be more flexible to the needs of the product itself, thus increasing chances for financial success.
Static classes and methods are harder to mock/stub.
2) Dependency injection. Inject the object returned by the singleton or static method into your SUT.
3) If your SUT has too many dependencies your test may become harder to implement and understand.