UNIT 4 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS_BIOCHEMISTRY

1. BIOCHEMISTRY
UNIT IV
Nucleic acid metabolism
and genetic information
transfer

2. CONTENT

3. INTRODUCTION
• Nucleic acid are polymers that consist of nucleotide
residues.
• Located in nuclei of cell
• Hereditary determinants of living organisms
• Nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous
• base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.
• Types are Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) & Ribonucleic
acid (RNA)
• Nucleic acids contain two pyrimidine (cytosine and
thymine) and two purine (adenine and guanine) bases.

4. Biosynthesis of purine and
pyrimidine nucleotides

8. Hyperuricemia
• Hyperuricemia is an excess of uric acid in the blood.
Uric acid passes through the liver, and enters to the
bloodstream

9. Gout
• Gout is a metabolic disease associated with
overproduction of uric acid
• In severe hyperuricemia, crystals of sodium urate
get deposited in the soft tissues, particularly in the
joints.
• This causes inflammation in the joints resulting in
a painful
gout arthritis.

10. Organization of mammalian genome

12. Structure of DNA and RNA
and their functions

14. DNA REPLICATION
• DNA is the genetic material. When the cell divides, the
daughter cells receive an identical copy of genetic
information from the parent cell.
• Replication is a process in which DNA copies itself to
produce identical daughter molecules of DNA.
Replication is carried out with high fidelity which is
essential for the survival of the species.
• Synthesis of a new DNA molecule is a complex process
involving a series of steps.

15. DNA replication is
semiconservative,
bidirectional process

17. Protein Synthesis

18. Protein Synthesis
Proteins make up all living materials

19. • Proteins are composed
of amino acids –
there are 20 different
amino acids
• Different proteins are
made by combining
these 20 amino acids
in different
combinations

20. • Proteins are manufactured (made) by the ribosomes

21. • Function of proteins:
1. Help fight disease
2. Build new body tissue
3. Enzymes used for digestion
and other chemical reactions
are proteins
(Enzymes speed up the rate
of a reaction)
4. Component of all cell
membranes

31. Protein Synthesis

32. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
INHIBITORS
• A protein synthesis inhibitor is a
substance that stops or slows the growth
or proliferation of cells by disrupting the
processes that lead directly to the
generation of new proteins.

33. PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS
INHIBITORS
EXAMPLES

34. •THANK YOU