The document provides information on ancient Rome, including:
1) Rome was founded in 753 BC on the banks of the Tiber River and was led by a series of kings until the Roman Republic was established in 509 BC.
2) According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, who were raised by a she-wolf. Romulus later killed Remus and became Rome's first king.
3) The Roman Republic lasted from 509 BC to 27 BC, during which the city expanded its territory through military conquests. The Republic transitioned into the Roman Empire under Augustus in 27 BC.
According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on the Palatine Hill along the Tiber River. Rome transitioned through a monarchy, republic, and empire over the centuries. As a republic from 509 to 27 BC, Rome was ruled by elected officials and grew to control the Mediterranean world through military conquests. Augustus became Rome's first emperor in 27 BC, beginning the Roman Empire that lasted until 476 AD, spreading Roman culture across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East while experiencing political and economic crises before its fall.
The document provides an overview of ancient Roman civilization from its origins to its fall. It discusses:
- The founding of Rome in the 8th century BC according to legend by Romulus on the Palatine Hill.
- The early systems of government including the Roman Kingdom and Republic which transitioned to the Roman Empire beginning in the 1st century BC.
- The expansion of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean and organization into provinces.
- Roman culture including architecture, art, literature, philosophy, engineering works, religion and the influence of Latin.
- The eventual decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD marking the end of the ancient period.
The document provides an overview of Roman civilization, including its economy, society, culture, architecture, and art. The Roman economy consisted of agriculture, livestock, crafts, and trade, facilitated by expansion of the Empire and infrastructure like roads. Roman society had citizens, non-citizens, slaves, and women held different legal statuses. Roman culture included law, Latin language, polytheistic religion later replaced by Christianity, and contributions to literature. Architecture such as aqueducts, temples, amphitheaters, and baths endured. Art embraced sculpture, painting, and mosaics emulating Greek styles.
Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on the banks of the Tiber River. According to legend, the twins were abandoned and raised by a she-wolf. Romulus later killed Remus and became Rome's first king. Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic with elected magistrates and grew powerful through military conquests. It eventually became an empire under Augustus in 27 BC, spanning the Mediterranean world. The Roman Empire fell in 476 AD as the western half declined due to military and economic issues while the eastern half continued as the Byzantine Empire.
The document provides an overview of Roman civilization, including its economy, society, culture, architecture, and art. The Roman economy centered around agriculture, livestock, crafts, and trade within the large empire and abroad. Society was stratified but included citizens, freemen, slaves, and women. Roman culture had a significant impact through its Latin-based languages, legal system, and the adoption of Christianity. Famous Roman architectural achievements included aqueducts, temples, amphitheaters, and infrastructure to support cities laid out in a grid pattern. Roman art incorporated sculpture, painting, and mosaic techniques.
Ancient Greek civilization began between the Ionian Sea and the Aegean Sea in a mountainous region called Hellas. This terrain influenced the development of independent city-states rather than large kingdoms. Two early civilizations, the Minoans and Mycenaeans, preceded ancient Greek civilization. The Archaic period saw the rise of poleis and the spread of Greek culture through colonization. The Classical period was defined by the growth of Athenian democracy and Spartan oligarchy and wars with Persia. The Hellenistic period began with the conquests of Philip and Alexander the Great, spreading Greek culture further and dividing Greece into Hellenistic kingdoms.
The document summarizes the key institutions of the early Roman Republic. It describes how Rome transitioned to a republican form of government after tyrants were driven from power, establishing the senate as the most powerful governing body composed of patricians and establishing the roles of consuls and the social classes of patricians and plebeians.
According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on the Palatine Hill along the Tiber River. Rome transitioned through a monarchy, republic, and empire over the centuries. As a republic from 509 to 27 BC, Rome was ruled by elected officials and grew to control the Mediterranean world through military conquests. Augustus became Rome's first emperor in 27 BC, beginning the Roman Empire that lasted until 476 AD, spreading Roman culture across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East while experiencing political and economic crises before its fall.
The document provides an overview of ancient Roman civilization from its origins to its fall. It discusses:
- The founding of Rome in the 8th century BC according to legend by Romulus on the Palatine Hill.
- The early systems of government including the Roman Kingdom and Republic which transitioned to the Roman Empire beginning in the 1st century BC.
- The expansion of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean and organization into provinces.
- Roman culture including architecture, art, literature, philosophy, engineering works, religion and the influence of Latin.
- The eventual decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD marking the end of the ancient period.
The document provides an overview of Roman civilization, including its economy, society, culture, architecture, and art. The Roman economy consisted of agriculture, livestock, crafts, and trade, facilitated by expansion of the Empire and infrastructure like roads. Roman society had citizens, non-citizens, slaves, and women held different legal statuses. Roman culture included law, Latin language, polytheistic religion later replaced by Christianity, and contributions to literature. Architecture such as aqueducts, temples, amphitheaters, and baths endured. Art embraced sculpture, painting, and mosaics emulating Greek styles.
Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on the banks of the Tiber River. According to legend, the twins were abandoned and raised by a she-wolf. Romulus later killed Remus and became Rome's first king. Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic with elected magistrates and grew powerful through military conquests. It eventually became an empire under Augustus in 27 BC, spanning the Mediterranean world. The Roman Empire fell in 476 AD as the western half declined due to military and economic issues while the eastern half continued as the Byzantine Empire.
The document provides an overview of Roman civilization, including its economy, society, culture, architecture, and art. The Roman economy centered around agriculture, livestock, crafts, and trade within the large empire and abroad. Society was stratified but included citizens, freemen, slaves, and women. Roman culture had a significant impact through its Latin-based languages, legal system, and the adoption of Christianity. Famous Roman architectural achievements included aqueducts, temples, amphitheaters, and infrastructure to support cities laid out in a grid pattern. Roman art incorporated sculpture, painting, and mosaic techniques.
Ancient Greek civilization began between the Ionian Sea and the Aegean Sea in a mountainous region called Hellas. This terrain influenced the development of independent city-states rather than large kingdoms. Two early civilizations, the Minoans and Mycenaeans, preceded ancient Greek civilization. The Archaic period saw the rise of poleis and the spread of Greek culture through colonization. The Classical period was defined by the growth of Athenian democracy and Spartan oligarchy and wars with Persia. The Hellenistic period began with the conquests of Philip and Alexander the Great, spreading Greek culture further and dividing Greece into Hellenistic kingdoms.
The document summarizes the key institutions of the early Roman Republic. It describes how Rome transitioned to a republican form of government after tyrants were driven from power, establishing the senate as the most powerful governing body composed of patricians and establishing the roles of consuls and the social classes of patricians and plebeians.
Roman society was stratified, with Roman citizens having the most rights and privileges, followed by freedmen, then slaves. Roman citizens had political and civil rights, including the right to vote, own property, and marry other citizens. At first, patricians, who were wealthy noble families, had more rights than plebeians, but plebeians gained equal legal standing after social conflicts. Women had limited rights and could not vote. Slaves had no rights and were the property of their owners.
The document provides an overview of the history and society of Ancient Rome from its origins as a small settlement to the establishment of a republic and eventual transition to an empire. It discusses the early monarchy period and establishment of a republic ruled by consuls in 509 BC. It describes the struggle between patricians and plebeians and the gradual acquisition of rights and political power by the plebeian class. It also covers the agricultural economy based on slave labor, social issues around land ownership, religion, engineering practices, architecture, and art forms in Ancient Rome.
The Roman Civilization document provides an overview of the origins and development of ancient Rome from its founding by Romulus and Remus through the transition from republic to empire. It describes Rome's strategic location and fertile soil which allowed it to develop. It then discusses the early republic and the social divisions between patricians and plebeians. Finally, it outlines the Roman system of government including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and how the republic eventually transitioned to an empire under Julius Caesar and Augustus.
The document provides background on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. Over time Rome became a large, prosperous city under Etruscan kings. The Romans then overthrew the Etruscans and established a republic with elected leaders. Rome expanded across Italy and the Mediterranean, fighting three Punic Wars against Carthage to gain dominance of the region.
The Roman civilization originated in Italy from the city of Rome between 800 BC to 500 AD. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from Britain to Egypt and as far east as Mesopotamia. Roman culture was heavily influenced by Greek culture and adopted Greek ideas of government, law, architecture, art and literature. The Roman Republic established around 500 BC was later transformed into a monarchy and then an Empire under Augustus Caesar. The Pax Romana period from 27 BC to 180 AD saw the expansion and consolidation of Roman power. Key innovations included advancements in engineering, architecture, sanitation and the development of Latin as the lingua franca of Western Europe.
The document summarizes the rise of the Roman Empire from 500 BC to 500 AD. It describes how Rome conquered the Mediterranean region through military victories over Carthage in the Punic Wars, establishing its dominance. It also discusses aspects of Roman society such as government, law, daily life, and the impact of geography in allowing the empire to thrive.
According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus, who were fed by a she-wolf as infants. Romulus became the first king of Rome. Over the next centuries, Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic as the Etruscan kings were overthrown. As a republic Rome expanded through military conquests, granting citizenship to more people over time. Eventually the republic transitioned again to an empire under Augustus in 27 BC, which reached its peak size before declining due to military, economic and social issues and finally fell in 476 AD with the deposition of the last emperor.
The document summarizes the origins and political evolution of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It describes how Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus and eventually grew into a vast empire governed by a monarchy, republic, and imperial system. The republic collapsed due to internal conflicts and unrest, leading to the rise of Julius Caesar and Octavian Augustus, who transformed Rome into a centralized empire spanning from Britain to Persia. However, by the 3rd century AD, the empire began suffering economic and military crises that ultimately led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
The document summarizes the history of Rome from its founding through the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It discusses the early Roman kings including Romulus, the establishment of the Roman Republic around 509 BC, the conflicts between the patricians and plebeians, the Punic Wars against Carthage, and the Gracchi reforms. It also covers Julius Caesar's conquests and dictatorship, his assassination in 44 BC, and the rise of Augustus who ended the Republic and established the Roman Empire. The document concludes with the decline of the Western Empire due to invasions by groups like the Huns and Vandals, culminating in the fall of Rome in 476 AD.
The document provides an overview of the history and government of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome transitioned from being ruled by kings to a republic governed by the Senate. It then outlines the four main social classes in Roman society - slaves, plebeians, equestrians, and nobles. Several important figures are also discussed, including Julius Caesar, as well as some iconic locations in Rome like the Colosseum and Circus Maximus.
Ancient Rome was located on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River, situated on seven hills which provided strategic advantages. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC after Romans overthrew their Etruscan rulers. Power was shared between the patrician nobility and the plebeians, though plebeians gained more rights over time. Rome expanded through conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean region, destroying the rival city of Carthage. Internal conflicts emerged between those wishing to maintain the status quo and those pushing for reforms as wealth inequality grew.
The document discusses a Roman senator who is worried about the growing power of military generals in Rome's government. Some senators want to use violence against generals to prevent them from gaining power in the senate, fearing the generals could become dictators. The revised scenario asks you to write a few sentences with your thoughts on whether using violence against generals would be acceptable to save the Roman Republic.
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River in Italy that united in 750 BC to form the city of Rome. The geography of Italy, with mountains and a good climate, allowed Romans to grow crops and use hills for defense. Rome expanded its territory over centuries through military conquests until it ruled a vast empire throughout the Mediterranean region by the 1st century AD. The Roman Republic established around 509 BC was replaced by the Roman Empire when Julius Caesar became dictator in 44 BC, ending the Republic.
Rome was located in Italy on seven hills along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus. Over centuries, Rome grew from a monarchy to a republic to a vast empire, reaching its peak under Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century AD. The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD due to factors like corruption, civil wars, attacks from barbarian tribes, and overexpansion. The Roman army was a formidable force due to its discipline, tactics, and technology. Rome had a pantheon of major gods like Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, and Mars as well as many other deities.
The Roman Republic was founded in 509 BC after the overthrow of the last Roman king. It established a balanced system of government with two consuls as executive magistrates, a senate of wealthy landowners, and popular assemblies for citizens. The republic expanded Roman control through military conquests including the Punic Wars against Carthage, led by generals like Scipio Africanus. These victories established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean world.
The Roman civilization originated in Italy in the 8th century BC and went on to become a great empire that dominated the Mediterranean world for over 1000 years. Rome was originally ruled by kings, then became a republic with elected leaders around 500 BC. It expanded greatly through military conquests such as the Punic Wars against Carthage. By the 1st century BC civil wars led to the rise of the Roman Empire under Augustus, bringing stability. The Empire reached its peak territory by the 2nd century AD but declined due to invasions and internal problems, finally falling in 476 AD.
Rome began as a small city-state founded by Romulus and Remus along the Tiber River in Italy. It grew to become a large empire due to its strategic location along major trade routes. Rome conquered neighboring lands and expanded its territory through military campaigns. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched across Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia and had over 50 million inhabitants living under its rule. However, internal conflicts and invasions by external groups like the Visigoths eventually weakened the Western Roman Empire, leading to its collapse in 476 AD. Meanwhile, the Eastern Roman Empire continued on from Constantinople and is referred to as the Byzantine Empire.
The Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE after the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy, organizing the government into a combination of aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy with citizens electing consuls and a senate to advise them. Society was divided between the wealthy patrician class and the plebeian majority, who engaged in occasional strikes to gain more political power. The republican government structure consisted of two annually elected consuls, the senate which controlled finances and foreign policy, and plebeian tribunes who could veto consular decisions and advocate for the common people.
1. The Roman Republic expanded greatly through military conquests like the Punic Wars, gaining territory around the Mediterranean.
2. Internal conflicts and civil wars plagued the Republic for 100 years as expansion led to social and economic problems.
3. Octavian, later known as Augustus, became Rome's first emperor in 31 BC, ending the Republic and beginning imperial rule. He established a stable centralized government and economic reforms.
Roman civilization originated in the city of Rome, founded in the 8th century BC along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus. Roman society was divided between patricians and plebeians, and later included slaves. The government transitioned from a monarchy to a republic to an empire. The Roman Empire reached its peak between the 1st and 2nd centuries AD during the Pax Romana, but economic and political crises led to the Western Empire's fall in 476 AD. Roman influence is still seen today through language, laws, and Christianity.
- Rome was founded in 753 BC by Latins on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River. It was originally ruled by kings but became a republic in 509 BC and then an empire in 27 BC under Augustus.
- The Roman Republic expanded across Italy and the Mediterranean through military conquests. It was eventually replaced by the Roman Empire after civil wars.
- The Empire reached its greatest extent in the 2nd century AD but declined due to military overspending and invasions by Germanic tribes. Rome fell in 476 AD after being sacked by the Ostrogoths.
Roman society was stratified, with Roman citizens having the most rights and privileges, followed by freedmen, then slaves. Roman citizens had political and civil rights, including the right to vote, own property, and marry other citizens. At first, patricians, who were wealthy noble families, had more rights than plebeians, but plebeians gained equal legal standing after social conflicts. Women had limited rights and could not vote. Slaves had no rights and were the property of their owners.
The document provides an overview of the history and society of Ancient Rome from its origins as a small settlement to the establishment of a republic and eventual transition to an empire. It discusses the early monarchy period and establishment of a republic ruled by consuls in 509 BC. It describes the struggle between patricians and plebeians and the gradual acquisition of rights and political power by the plebeian class. It also covers the agricultural economy based on slave labor, social issues around land ownership, religion, engineering practices, architecture, and art forms in Ancient Rome.
The Roman Civilization document provides an overview of the origins and development of ancient Rome from its founding by Romulus and Remus through the transition from republic to empire. It describes Rome's strategic location and fertile soil which allowed it to develop. It then discusses the early republic and the social divisions between patricians and plebeians. Finally, it outlines the Roman system of government including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and how the republic eventually transitioned to an empire under Julius Caesar and Augustus.
The document provides background on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. Over time Rome became a large, prosperous city under Etruscan kings. The Romans then overthrew the Etruscans and established a republic with elected leaders. Rome expanded across Italy and the Mediterranean, fighting three Punic Wars against Carthage to gain dominance of the region.
The Roman civilization originated in Italy from the city of Rome between 800 BC to 500 AD. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from Britain to Egypt and as far east as Mesopotamia. Roman culture was heavily influenced by Greek culture and adopted Greek ideas of government, law, architecture, art and literature. The Roman Republic established around 500 BC was later transformed into a monarchy and then an Empire under Augustus Caesar. The Pax Romana period from 27 BC to 180 AD saw the expansion and consolidation of Roman power. Key innovations included advancements in engineering, architecture, sanitation and the development of Latin as the lingua franca of Western Europe.
The document summarizes the rise of the Roman Empire from 500 BC to 500 AD. It describes how Rome conquered the Mediterranean region through military victories over Carthage in the Punic Wars, establishing its dominance. It also discusses aspects of Roman society such as government, law, daily life, and the impact of geography in allowing the empire to thrive.
According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus, who were fed by a she-wolf as infants. Romulus became the first king of Rome. Over the next centuries, Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic as the Etruscan kings were overthrown. As a republic Rome expanded through military conquests, granting citizenship to more people over time. Eventually the republic transitioned again to an empire under Augustus in 27 BC, which reached its peak size before declining due to military, economic and social issues and finally fell in 476 AD with the deposition of the last emperor.
The document summarizes the origins and political evolution of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It describes how Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus and eventually grew into a vast empire governed by a monarchy, republic, and imperial system. The republic collapsed due to internal conflicts and unrest, leading to the rise of Julius Caesar and Octavian Augustus, who transformed Rome into a centralized empire spanning from Britain to Persia. However, by the 3rd century AD, the empire began suffering economic and military crises that ultimately led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
The document summarizes the history of Rome from its founding through the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It discusses the early Roman kings including Romulus, the establishment of the Roman Republic around 509 BC, the conflicts between the patricians and plebeians, the Punic Wars against Carthage, and the Gracchi reforms. It also covers Julius Caesar's conquests and dictatorship, his assassination in 44 BC, and the rise of Augustus who ended the Republic and established the Roman Empire. The document concludes with the decline of the Western Empire due to invasions by groups like the Huns and Vandals, culminating in the fall of Rome in 476 AD.
The document provides an overview of the history and government of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome transitioned from being ruled by kings to a republic governed by the Senate. It then outlines the four main social classes in Roman society - slaves, plebeians, equestrians, and nobles. Several important figures are also discussed, including Julius Caesar, as well as some iconic locations in Rome like the Colosseum and Circus Maximus.
Ancient Rome was located on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River, situated on seven hills which provided strategic advantages. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC after Romans overthrew their Etruscan rulers. Power was shared between the patrician nobility and the plebeians, though plebeians gained more rights over time. Rome expanded through conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean region, destroying the rival city of Carthage. Internal conflicts emerged between those wishing to maintain the status quo and those pushing for reforms as wealth inequality grew.
The document discusses a Roman senator who is worried about the growing power of military generals in Rome's government. Some senators want to use violence against generals to prevent them from gaining power in the senate, fearing the generals could become dictators. The revised scenario asks you to write a few sentences with your thoughts on whether using violence against generals would be acceptable to save the Roman Republic.
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River in Italy that united in 750 BC to form the city of Rome. The geography of Italy, with mountains and a good climate, allowed Romans to grow crops and use hills for defense. Rome expanded its territory over centuries through military conquests until it ruled a vast empire throughout the Mediterranean region by the 1st century AD. The Roman Republic established around 509 BC was replaced by the Roman Empire when Julius Caesar became dictator in 44 BC, ending the Republic.
Rome was located in Italy on seven hills along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus. Over centuries, Rome grew from a monarchy to a republic to a vast empire, reaching its peak under Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century AD. The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD due to factors like corruption, civil wars, attacks from barbarian tribes, and overexpansion. The Roman army was a formidable force due to its discipline, tactics, and technology. Rome had a pantheon of major gods like Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, and Mars as well as many other deities.
The Roman Republic was founded in 509 BC after the overthrow of the last Roman king. It established a balanced system of government with two consuls as executive magistrates, a senate of wealthy landowners, and popular assemblies for citizens. The republic expanded Roman control through military conquests including the Punic Wars against Carthage, led by generals like Scipio Africanus. These victories established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean world.
The Roman civilization originated in Italy in the 8th century BC and went on to become a great empire that dominated the Mediterranean world for over 1000 years. Rome was originally ruled by kings, then became a republic with elected leaders around 500 BC. It expanded greatly through military conquests such as the Punic Wars against Carthage. By the 1st century BC civil wars led to the rise of the Roman Empire under Augustus, bringing stability. The Empire reached its peak territory by the 2nd century AD but declined due to invasions and internal problems, finally falling in 476 AD.
Rome began as a small city-state founded by Romulus and Remus along the Tiber River in Italy. It grew to become a large empire due to its strategic location along major trade routes. Rome conquered neighboring lands and expanded its territory through military campaigns. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched across Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia and had over 50 million inhabitants living under its rule. However, internal conflicts and invasions by external groups like the Visigoths eventually weakened the Western Roman Empire, leading to its collapse in 476 AD. Meanwhile, the Eastern Roman Empire continued on from Constantinople and is referred to as the Byzantine Empire.
The Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE after the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy, organizing the government into a combination of aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy with citizens electing consuls and a senate to advise them. Society was divided between the wealthy patrician class and the plebeian majority, who engaged in occasional strikes to gain more political power. The republican government structure consisted of two annually elected consuls, the senate which controlled finances and foreign policy, and plebeian tribunes who could veto consular decisions and advocate for the common people.
1. The Roman Republic expanded greatly through military conquests like the Punic Wars, gaining territory around the Mediterranean.
2. Internal conflicts and civil wars plagued the Republic for 100 years as expansion led to social and economic problems.
3. Octavian, later known as Augustus, became Rome's first emperor in 31 BC, ending the Republic and beginning imperial rule. He established a stable centralized government and economic reforms.
Roman civilization originated in the city of Rome, founded in the 8th century BC along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus. Roman society was divided between patricians and plebeians, and later included slaves. The government transitioned from a monarchy to a republic to an empire. The Roman Empire reached its peak between the 1st and 2nd centuries AD during the Pax Romana, but economic and political crises led to the Western Empire's fall in 476 AD. Roman influence is still seen today through language, laws, and Christianity.
- Rome was founded in 753 BC by Latins on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River. It was originally ruled by kings but became a republic in 509 BC and then an empire in 27 BC under Augustus.
- The Roman Republic expanded across Italy and the Mediterranean through military conquests. It was eventually replaced by the Roman Empire after civil wars.
- The Empire reached its greatest extent in the 2nd century AD but declined due to military overspending and invasions by Germanic tribes. Rome fell in 476 AD after being sacked by the Ostrogoths.
Ancient RomeBeginning in the eighth century B.C., Anciencheryllwashburn
Ancient Rome
Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands.
Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion.
They then instead had a council known as the 'senate' which ruled over them. From this point on one speaks of the 'Roman Republic'.
Early Rome was governed by kings, but after only seven of them had ruled, the Romans took power over their own city and ruled themselves
The word 'Republic' itself comes from the Latin (the language of the Romans) words 'res publica' which mean 'public matters' or 'matters of state'.
The senate under the kings had only been there to advise the king. Now the senate appointed a consul, who ruled Rome like a king, but only for one year. - This was a wise idea, as like that, the consul ruled carefully and not as a tyrant, for he knew that otherwise he could be punished by the next consul, once his year was up.
Rome knew four classes of people. This division was very important to the Romans.
The lowest class were the slaves. They were owned by other people. They had no rights at all. The next class were the plebeians. They were free people. But they had little say at all.
The second highest class were the equestrians (sometimes they are called the 'knights'). Their name means the 'riders', as they were given a horse to ride if they were called to fight for Rome. To be an equestrian you had to be rich.
The highest class were the nobles of Rome. They were called 'patricians'. All the real power in Rome lay with them.
The greatest challenge the Roman Republic faced was that of the Carthaginians. Carthage was a very powerful city in North Africa which, much like Rome, controlled its own empire. The fight between the two sides was a long one and took place on land and on sea.
The most famous incident came when the great Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed the mountain chain of the Alps to the north of Italy with all his troops, including his war-elephants, and invaded Italy. Though Rome in the end won and Carthage was completely destroyed in the year 146 BC.
Rome's most famous citizen was no doubt Julius Caesar. He was a Roman politician and general who, without having any orders to do so, conquered the vast territory of the Gauls to the north of his province in France.
In the year 49 BC Caesar crossed the small river between his province and Italy, called the river Rubicon, and conquered Rome itself which he then ruled as a dictator.
His military campaigns also took him to Egypt where he met the famous Cleopatra.
His life though was ended as he was inf ...
The document provides an overview of the geography, society, government, and history of Ancient Rome. It describes how Rome began as a small village along the Tiber River that grew into a large city due to its strategic location. Rome eventually conquered the Italian peninsula and became a republic ruled by patricians and plebeians. The republic expanded Rome's territories through military conquests but internal conflicts weakened it, leading to the rise of the Roman Empire under Augustus Caesar. The empire reached its peak but later declined as barbarian tribes invaded its borders.
According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on the Palatine Hill along the Tiber River. Rome transitioned through a monarchy, republic, and empire over the centuries. As a republic from 509 to 27 BC, Rome was ruled by elected officials and the senate, and expanded across the Mediterranean through military conquests. Augustus became Rome's first emperor in 27 BC, beginning the Roman Empire that lasted until 476 AD, controlling lands around the Mediterranean Sea and governing through a system of provinces. The empire declined due to political, economic, social, and military instability before being sacked by Germanic tribes, marking the end of ancient Rome.
The document summarizes the origins and history of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It describes how Rome was founded by Romulus on the banks of the Tiber River and later conquered by the Etruscans. It then outlines the major periods of Roman history including the Monarchy, Roman Republic, and Roman Empire. Key events like the rule of Julius Caesar and the division of the empire are also summarized.
The document summarizes the origins and history of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It describes how Rome was founded by Romulus on the banks of the Tiber River and later conquered by the Etruscans. It then outlines the major periods of Roman history including the Monarchy, Roman Republic, and Roman Empire. It provides key events and leaders that shaped Rome such as the overthrow of the Etruscan kings, Julius Caesar's rise to power, and the division of the empire before its eventual fall.
The document summarizes the origins and history of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus on the banks of the Tiber River. It then outlines the three main periods of Roman history: the Monarchy (753-509 BC), the Roman Republic (509-27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC-476 AD). The Republic established democracy and saw Rome's expansion throughout the Mediterranean. The Empire began when Augustus took power, establishing the Pax Romana and making Christianity the official religion. However, by the 5th century AD, the Western Empire was weakened by invasion and instability and fell in 476 AD.
The document summarizes the origins and history of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It describes how Rome was founded by Romulus on the banks of the Tiber River and later conquered by the Etruscans. The early government was a monarchy which transitioned to a republic with power shared between elected magistrates, the senate, and citizen assemblies. The republic gave way to an empire beginning with Augustus which reached its peak territorial extent before experiencing a series of crises that led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
The Romans created the largest empire in antiquity, starting with the founding of Rome in 753 BC and ending with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Over this 1200 year period, Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic and then an empire that dominated territories across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Key events included the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC, the Punic Wars with Carthage, the expansion across the Mediterranean under the empire, and the division of the empire into Western and Eastern halves in 395 AD prior to the fall of the Western Empire.
The document summarizes the origins and history of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus on the banks of the Tiber River. Rome was originally ruled by kings, then became a republic with elected magistrates and shared power between the comitias, magistrates, and senate. Eventually the republic transitioned into an empire beginning with Augustus in 27 BC. The empire reached its peak but then declined due to various political, economic, and social instabilities before finally falling in 476 AD.
The document summarizes the origins and history of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It describes Rome being founded by Romulus on the banks of the Tiber River and outlines the three periods of Roman government: the Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. Key events included the establishment of the Republic in 509 BC which established democracy and the rule of law, the Punic Wars which expanded Roman control of the Mediterranean, and the rise and rule of Julius Caesar which transformed Rome into an Empire under Augustus in 27 BC. The Empire reached its peak but declined due to military, economic and social issues and was eventually divided and fell when the Western
The document discusses the origins and early history of Ancient Rome. It began as independent tribes inhabiting the Italian peninsula in the 8th century BC, including the Etruscans, Latins, and Greeks. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus. In fact, archaeological evidence suggests Rome was founded as a settlement in the mid-8th century BC. Rome eventually developed into a monarchy, then a republic with power shared among assemblies, magistrates, and senators. The republic expanded Rome's territory through military conquests across Italy and the Mediterranean region over centuries.
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River that united to form the city of Rome around 750 BC. For over 200 years, Rome was ruled by kings but became a republic in 509 BC with democratic rule divided into legislative, judicial, and executive branches. Under ambitious generals, Rome's armies expanded the republic's territories around the Mediterranean Sea. The successful general Julius Caesar took control of Rome, becoming dictator and ending the republic. After Caesar's assassination, his adopted son Octavian became Rome's first emperor, establishing the Roman Empire. At its height under Emperor Augustus, the Empire encompassed much of Europe and the Mediterranean region. The Empire eventually declined due to overexpansion, economic troubles, and invasions, with
The document summarizes the origins and history of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It describes Rome beginning as a small settlement founded by Romulus on seven hills along the Tiber River. Over time, Rome grew into a powerful republic and then a vast empire that came to control the Mediterranean world. However, by the 3rd century AD the empire began experiencing political, economic, and social instability that eventually led to its division and fall in the 5th century.
The most important ideas about Rome are its achievements that still influence modern society. The Latin language formed the basis for many current languages. Rome's early law codes influenced later legal systems. Technologies like aqueducts and roads shaped infrastructure, while military organization foreshadowed modern armies. Overall, Rome left a profound legacy through its language, laws, technologies, and military strategies that can still be seen today.
The document provides information on various topics related to ancient Roman civilization, including its government, economy, religion, arts, and engineering innovations. Key points covered include the transition from monarchy to republic to empire; the patrician and plebeian classes; the agricultural and slave-based economy; religious practices and philosophies like Stoicism and Epicureanism; architectural structures like aqueducts, basilicas, and the Colosseum; and the expansion of Roman rule across Europe and around the Mediterranean.
The document summarizes the history of Ancient Rome from its origins as a collection of small settlements united around the Forum in the 8th century BC, through the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC and the struggles between patricians and plebeians, to the transition to the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC. It discusses Roman political institutions, society, economy, engineering practices, philosophy, expansion through warfare, and the transition from a republic to an autocratic empire under Augustus.
Rome began as a small settlement on seven hills along the Tiber River in Italy. Over centuries of expansion, Rome grew into a vast republic and eventually an empire that encompassed the Mediterranean world. The early Roman republic had a balanced system of government with a senate of patricians and elected consuls, though plebeians faced oppression. Rome then embarked on over two centuries of conquest across Italy and defeated Carthage in the Punic Wars to become the dominant power in the Mediterranean.
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El documento resume diferentes géneros literarios narrativos como el cuento tradicional, la fábula y la leyenda. Explica que el cuento tradicional suele transmitirse oralmente de generación en generación y distingue entre cuentos maravillosos, de animales y de fórmulas. Además, describe la estructura típica de un cuento con introducción, nudo y desenlace y proporciona ejemplos como La Bella Durmiente. Por otro lado, define la fábula como una historia con animales y plantas que actúan como
This document discusses economic activities and sectors of the economy. It defines economic activity as the process of satisfying human material needs through production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The three main sectors of the economy are described as the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. The primary sector involves obtaining natural resources and includes agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing. Different types of agriculture and livestock farming techniques are outlined. The secondary sector involves industry and manufacturing raw materials into finished goods. The tertiary sector produces intangible goods and services.
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advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
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of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
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Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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9
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2. THE ORIGINS OF ROME
The origin of Roman civilisation is in the city of Rome.
It was founded in the eight century BC on the banks of the
Tiber River, in the Italian Peninsula, in an area of easy
protection, as it was surrounded by seven hills.
3. The territory in which it settled was
called Latium, which was inhabited
by the Latins.
Before its foundation (753 BC), the
Italian Peninsula was populated by
Latins (in the centre), the Greeks (in
the south) and the Etruscans (in the
north).
The Etruscans, in the 6th century BC,
conquered and gained control of
Latium.
THE ORIGINS OF ROME
4. THE LEGEND OF ROMULUS AND REMUS
According to legend, Rome was founded in
Palatine Hill by Romulus in 753 BC.
The twins Romulus and Remus were put in a basket in the
River Tiber. A she-wolf found the babies and fed them her
milk. Later a shepherd adopted the boys.
When the boys grew up, they decided to build a city by the
River Tiber. One day, they argued and Romulus killed
Remus.
Romulus became the first King!
LEGEND:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Pp83xYOtt
c
6. THE MONARCHY (753 - 509 BC)
Rome was ruled by a king.
Romulus was de first King of Rome.
Rome was ruled by seven Kings.
The first four were Latins (Rómulo, Numa Pompilio, Tulio Hostilio, Anco
Marcio)
The final three were Etruscans (Tarquinio Prisco, Servio Tulio,
Tarquinio El Soberbio) as the city was occupied by the Etruscans in the
six century BC.
The last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud, was deposed
because he was a tyrant. This event marks the end of the
Monarchy.
The King ruled with the help of the Senate (made up of
patricians, men of the most important families), an advisory
assembly (that gives recommendations) with no decision-making
7. Power was shared between Comitias, Magistrates and the
Senate.
THE SENATE
The Senate was a
council of citizens from
the most important
families: PATRICIANS
It was responsible for
deciding foreing
policy and upholding
decisions made by the
Comitians
COMITIAS
These were
assemblies where
citizens voted laws
and elected
magistrates.
MAGISTRATES
These were annually
elected by the
Comitias.
The most important
magistrates were: the
two Consuls, Tribunes
of the plebeians and
dictator.
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC (509 – 27 BC)
9. In The Republic…
Confrontation between patricians and
plebeians
Society was divided into the following groups:
Patricians: minority of group of rich people, powerful
families.
Plebeians: merchants, craftsmen and peasants.
Slaves: prisoners of war, children of slaves or people who
did not pay their debts.
At first, only patricians had political rights. Only
they could be part of the Senate or Magistrates.
Because of this, the plebeians began to fight for their
rights, which were established in the Law of the
Twelve Tables (450 BC)*. The Tribune of the
Plebeians became their representative in the
“El Senado y el pueblo romano”
10. Punic wars.
During the Republic also took place the Three
Punic wars (264-146 BC) that faced Romans and
Carthaginians. The Romans emerged victorious
and Rome had control of the Mediterranean
Sea (Mare Nostrum) and others places, such as
the Iberian Peninsula.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-7RwmL4Cjg
11. INVESTIGATION ACTIVITY:
LAW OF THE TWELVE TABLES
Read the information you have on the
following link:
http://www.derechoromano.es/2015/06/ley-xii-
tablas.html
Write a short description, in your note book,
about Law of the Twelve Tables.
12. THE ROMAN EMPIRE (27 BC – 476 AD)
It began in 27 BC, when the Senate gave political and
religious power to Octavian (nephew of Julius Caesar)
after the death of Julius Caesar (was killed by Senators
in 44 BC). Octavian received the title of Augustus
and held all power and the political institutions lost
their importance.
The titles of Augustus:
Imperator (leader of the military)
Princeps (first citizen of the Senate)
Augustus (put him on the same level of the gods),
Pontifex Maximus (highest religious authority).
13. Some of the most important episodes were:
Pax romana. A long period of peace in Rome the 1st and
2nd centuries.
Territorial conquest. The Empire reached its maximum
size.
The conquered people adopted the law, customs, beliefs and
language (Latin) of the Romans. This process is known as
Romanization.
Emperor Caracalla granted citizenship to all free man
in the Roman Empire (year 212). Before this date, only
the male inhabitants of Italy had full rights.
Edict of Milan (year 313): Emperor Constantine I
allowed freedom of worship.
Edict of Thessalonica (year 380): Emperor Theodosius
proclaimed Christianity official religion.
Crisis of the third century. The empire went into
decline.
15. CRISIS AND FALL OF THE EMPIRE
Starting in the 3rd century. WHY?
Wars: Germanic tribes wanted to conquer from the north and the
Persians attacked in the eats.
Politcial authority: many emperors only ruled for a short time, because
were deposed or assessinated.
Economic crisis: Trade declined because was not safe to travel.
Ruralisation: cities were no safe and urban resident had to pay high
taxes. Therefore, many people went to live to the countryside.
1. The Western Roman
Empire, with Rome as
capital.
2. The Eastern Roman Empire,
with its capital in
Constantinople
Division of the Empire by Theodosius
(395).
16. In 476 AD , the Germanic people (Odoacer)
deposed the last Emperor (Romulus
Augustus) of the Western Roman Empire.
It was the ended of the Roman Empire.
AND ALSO THE END OF ANCIENT
HISTORY!!!!!! AND THE START OF THE
MIDDLE AGES!!!!
FALL OF THE EMPIRE
ANCIENT ROME: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_7f-k9sq7U
17. ROMAN CIVILISATION
We are going to learn more about Roman
civilisation.
Many Roman aqueducts, bridges, public baths and
amphitheatres can still be seen today.
How have the Romans influenced us?
With the language: our language is based on Latin.
With their laws: Our laws are based on Roman laws
With one of the most important religion of the Empire:
Christianity appeared in the Roman Empire
18. 1. THE ECONOMY IN ANCIENT ROME.
ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES
In the
countryside
Agriculture Livestock
In the city
Craftwork Trade
19. In the countryside: agriculture and livestock
Main characteristics:
All farmland (and mines too) belonged to the state, which divided it up
among individuals for them to exploit.
There were improvements in farming technology: better tools and
irrigation systems, which improved efficiency and harvest.
The main crops farmed: wheat, grapes and olives.
The main livestock farmed: goats, sheep, cows and horses.
20. TOOLS
Plough and animal draught, such as oxen
IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Irrigation canal Aqueduct of Segovia
PloughAnimal draught
21. In the city.
Cities where important economic and commercial centres:
• Most artists had their workshops in the cities.
• Some of the most common products produced were:
weapons, textiles, farming tools and pottery.
22. TRADE
Trade developed intensely.
The main goods traded: agricultural products, craftwork,
minerals and slaves, among others.
There was trade not only within the Empire but also with some
places outside the Empire, so we can talk about:
• Some provinces specialised in producing
certain goods. For instance, Egypt was an
important producer of wheat and Hispania
produced minerals.
Domestic
trade
• From the Germanic territories, the Empire
obtained some products, such as leather, wood
and slaves.
• From Africa, gold, ivory and slaves, too.
• From the East, perfumes and other luxury
products.
Foreign trade
23. THE EXPANSION OF THE ROMAN
COMMERCE
The three main factors that allowed commerce to expand were:
Military conquest: allowed Rome to acquire
wealth and slaves and colonise new territories.
Land and sea travel: communicate between the
different parts of the Empire was easy thanks to
an excellent network of roads and ports.
A single currency: in Roman territories existed
a common currency. The most common coin was
the silver denarius, although there were other,
such as the ace of gold and the sextercio.
26. 1.2. ROMAN CITIES
Roman cities were the main economic and commercial
centres, and were the political administration was located, too.
The cities layout was based on the roman military camps
(castras).
There was a main road that went from north to south called the
cardo.
The main road from east to west was called the decumanus. The
rest of the roads were parallel to these two main roads, so they
made a grid.
Where the cardo crossed the decumanus, there was a big
28. 2. SOCIETY
FREE PEOPLE. They were divided into: citizens (with rights) or
no-citizens (free people with no rights).
Patricians: they were nobles and held all political rights.
Plebeians: most people were plebeians. They had some rights but
did not participate in government. During the republic, the
plebeians rebelled and achieved equal rights.
In 212 (with Caracalla), all free men in the Empire were made
citizens. However, citizenships was never extended to women or
foreingners.
SLAVES: were not considered as people and had no rights.
People became slaves if they were taken prisoner in a war, if
they didn´t pay their debts or if they were children of slaves. If
their owners freed them, they became liberti (libertos). Slaves
could became free by buying their freedom. Slave owners could also free their
slaves= manumission.
ROMAN WOMEN. Belonged to their fathers of husbands. They
didn´t have the right to vote, but they could own property.
29.
30. KIND OF HOUSES
An insula:
a building with
several floors
where modest
families lived.
There were
spaces for shops
on the ground
floor.
31. A domus.
Where wealthy
Roman families
lived.
The rooms were laid
out around an
interior courtyard,
called an atrium.
Banquets were held
in
the triclinium (dining
room).
KIND OF HOUSES
32. 3. ROMAN CULTURE
1. Roman law.
One of the most important, the Law of the Twelve Tables
(450 BC).
2. Language and literature.
Roman culture was transmitted through the spread of
Latin, the language used by all inhabitants of the Empire.
Romans made important contributions to philosophy
(Seneca), literature (Ovid, Horace and Virgil), medicine
(Galen) and history (Julious Caesar, Tacitus and Livy).
3. Roman religion .
Official religion (until 380, when Christianity is the official
religion of the Empire): POLYTHEISTIC.
Imperial cult. During the Roman Empire, the emperor
began to worshipped like a god.
In 380: Christianity official religion of the Empire.
33. LUCIO ANNEO SÉNECA. FILÓSOFO LATINO.
Séneca
Importa mucho más lo que tú piensas de ti mismo
que lo que los otros opinen de ti.
En tres tiempos se divide la vida: en presente,
pasado y futuro. De éstos, el presente es
brevísimo; el futuro, dudoso; el pasado, cierto.
El que no quiera vivir sino entre justos, viva en el
desierto.
No es pobre el que tiene poco, sino el que mucho
desea.
¡ESTUDIA! NO PARA SABER UNA COSA MÁS,
SINO PARA SABERLA MEJOR.
34. 4. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
Aqueducts: to transport water to the cities.
The Aqueduct of Segovia ; 1st century
35. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
Temples: to venerate their Gods.
Amphitheatres: these held gladiator and animal
fights.
The Coliseum in Rome The Maison Carrée temple, Nimes
(France)
36. Circus: these were in the shape of a rectangle and were a
venue for chariot races.
Theatres: these were where actors performed comedies
and tragedies. They were semicircular.
Thermal baths: these were public baths and consisted of
several different rooms.
37. Basilica: these were places for meeting, trials and
commercial activities.
Triumphal arches: these had several entrances and
commemorated a military victory or an important event.
38. Architectural orders. The Romans used Greek
columns (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian order).
They also created two new architectural orders:
Tuscan and Composite.
39. 5. ROMAN ART
Roman sculpture
imitated Greek sculpture
and there were two
types, portrait and
historical relief.
The Romans used painting to
decorate buildings and
mosaics to decorate walls
and floors.
40. Thank you for your attention!!!
Good luck for your exams!!!
See you next year!!!