This document provides an overview of Python programming language including its characteristics, applications, and common operators. Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language that is easy to learn and widely used for applications such as web development, data science, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things (IoT). It supports procedural and object-oriented paradigms. Common operators in Python include arithmetic, comparison, logical, and bitwise operators.

1. KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
NAMAKKAL- TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Mr.S.HARI KUMAR
Assistant Professor / ECE
KNCET
20EC503PE-INTERNET OF THINGS
(REGULATION-KNCET - UGR2020)
UNIT III - IoT LOGICAL DESIGN USING PYTHON

2. Python
Python
• Python is a general-purpose, high level and object-oriented programming language. Python is
an interpreted scripting language also.
• Python is a case-sensitive language. This means, Variable and variable are not the same.
• Multiple words can be separated using an under score, like this is_a_long_variable.
• Python program can be saved it with .py extension.
• Guido Van Rossum is known as the founder of Python programming.
The following programming languages influence Python:
• ABC language.
• Modula-3

3. Python Applications
Python Applications
• Desktop Applications
• Web Applications
• Data Science
• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• Scientific Computing
• Robotics
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Gaming
• Mobile Apps
• Data Analysis and Preprocessing

4. Characteristics of Python
Multi-paradigm programming language
• Python supports more than one programming paradigms including object-oriented
programming and structured programming
Interpreted Language
• Python is an interpreted language and does not require an explicit compilation step. The
Python interpreter executes the program source code directly, statement by statement, as a
processor or scripting engine does.
Interactive Language
• Python provides an interactive mode in which the user can submit commands at the Python
prompt and interact with the interpreter directly.
Easy-to-learn, read and maintain
• Python is a minimalistic language with relatively few keywords, uses English key words and
has fewer syntactical constructions as compared to other languages. Reading Python programs
feels like English with pseudo-code like constructs. Python is easy to learn yet an extremely
powerful language for a wide range of applications.

5. Characteristics of Python
Object and Procedure Oriented
• Python supports both procedure-oriented programming and object-oriented programming.
Procedure oriented paradigm allows programs to be written around procedures or functions
that allow reuse of code. Procedure oriented paradigm allows programs to be written around
objects that include both data and functionality.
Extendable
• Python is an extendable language and allows integration of low-level modules written in
languages such as C/C++. This is useful when you want to speed up a critical portion of a
program.
Scalable
• Due to the minimalistic nature of Python, it provides a manageable structure for large
programs.
Portable
• Since Python is an interpreted language, programmers do not have to worry about
compilation, linking and loading of programs. Python programs can be directly executed
from source.

6. Python Operators
Python Operators
• Arithmetic operators
• Comparison operators
• Assignment Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Membership Operators
• Identity Operators

7. Arithmetic operators
Operator Meaning Example
+ Add two operands or unary plus x + y+ 2
- Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus x - y- 2
* Multiply two operands x * y
/ Divide left operand by the right one (always results into float) x / y
% Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the right
x % y (remainder
of x/y)
//
Floor division - division that results into whole number adjusted to
the left in the number line
x // y
** Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right
x**y (x to the
power y)

8. Arithmetic operators
Example
x = 15
y = 4
print('x + y =',x+y)
print('x - y =',x-y)
print('x * y =',x*y)
print('x / y =',x/y)
print('x // y =',x//y)
print('x ** y =',x**y)
Output:
x + y = 19
x - y = 11
x * y = 60
x / y = 3.75
x // y = 3
x ** y = 50625

9. Comparison operators
Operator Meaning Example
> Greater than - True if left operand is greater than the right x > y
< Less than - True if left operand is less than the right x < y
== Equal to - True if both operands are equal x == y
!= Not equal to - True if operands are not equal x != y
>=
Greater than or equal to - True if left operand is greater than or
equal to the right
x >= y
<=
Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to
the right
x <= y

10. Comparison operators
Example
x = 10
y = 12
print('x > y is',x>y)
print('x < y is',x<y)
print('x == y is',x==y)
print('x != y is',x!=y)
print('x >= y is',x>=y)
print('x <= y is',x<=y)
Output:
x > y is False
x < y is True
x == y is False
x != y is True
x >= y is False
x <= y is True

11. Logical operators
Operator Meaning Example
and True if both the operands are true x and y
or True if either of the operands is true x or y
not True if operand is false (complements the operand) not x

12. Logical operators
Example
x = True
y = False
print('x and y is',x and y)
print('x or y is',x or y)
print('not x is',not x)
Output:
x and y is False
x or y is True
not x is False