2. DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN
PAKISTAN (829)
Mujeeb ur Rahim
PhD Education Scholar AIOU Islamabad.
3. INTRODUCTION
No system of Education could be better than its teacher. Teachers are essential players in
promoting quality education, whether in schools or in more flexible community based
programmes; they are advocating for change.
Teacher education refers to the policies and procedure designed to equip teachers with the
knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in
the school and classroom.
The National Council for Teacher Education has defined teacher education as a programme
that is related to the development of teacher proficiency and competence that would enable
and empower the teacher to meet the requirements of the profession and face the
challenges therein.
4. Teacher Education in Pakistan
"Teacher" is the core to achieve quality education Pakistan pursues. The
teaching force in Pakistan is 1.35m working in government schools. Total
teacher training institutions for pre-service training are 275.
Teacher training resource centers in the districts are 300. In Pakistan teachers
at the elementary and secondary levels are mostly trained under a prescribed
curriculum.
They are recruited on the bases of Professional Qualifications. In the college
Education & Universities most of the lecturers are untrained with only
academic qualifications.
But now Higher Education academics have been established to train the in-
service teachers with certain modules and competences courses of Higher
Education Commission in Pakistan.
5. Overview of Teacher Education Training
Institutions
University of Education, Punjab
Directorate of Staff Development (DSD), Punjab
Bureau of Curriculum and Extension Wing, Sindh
Provincial Institute of Teacher Education (PITE), Sindh
College of Education, Sindh
6. Cont
Directorate of Curriculum and Teacher Education (DCTE), KPK
Regional Institutes of Teacher Education (RITES), KPK
Provincial Institute of Teacher Education (PITE), KPK
Institutes of Education and Research (IERs), KPK
Training Outposts etc.
7. Teacher Education Programs in Pakistan
Elementary School Teachers
Elementary School Teachers training have certain levels which correspond
with the general education ability of the teachers.
Teachers for the primary schools are trained, and must have passed
Secondary School examination.
They are provided one year training. After completion of this training they are
awarded a certificate called Primary Teacher’s certificate (PTC).
Those who possess FA/F.Sc certificate are given one year training and
awarded a certificate called Certificate in Education (CT).
PTC and CT training is provided by the Government Colleges of Elementary
Education (GCEE)
10. Role of AIOU in Teacher Development
AIOU is an autonomous distance learning university which also offers courses
in education for managers, planners and teachers.
Education policy 1998-2010 of Pakistan envisaged for the specific role of
AIOU. Total enrollment in AIOU is 10,000 every year. Its courses include pre-
service and in-service programs for teacher certification and other graduate
and post graduate professional qualifications in education.
There is a wide range of certification options available from Primary Teachers
Certificate (PTC) to PhD in education.
11. National Professional Standards
The duration is one & half months, both for short and long practice in the
designated schools of male and female of Education Department, University
Education is Co-Education, but there are separate centers for male and
female at the lower levels
The policy and planning wing Ministry of Education Government of Pakistan
Islamabad in 2009 framed ten Standards for teacher Education.
Each Standard has three parts i.e.
1) Knowledge & Understanding (What Teacher Knows)
2) Dispositions (Behavior / attitude / value)
3) Performance (Skills).
12. Cont…
Standard 1: Subject matter Knowledge
Standard 2: Human growth & Development
Standard 3: Knowledge of Islamic ethical values / Social life Skills
Standard 4: Instructional planning & Strategies
Standard 5: Assessment
Standard 6: Learning environment
13. Cont…
Standard 7: Effective communication & Proficient use of Information &
Communication Technologies
Standard 8: Collaboration and Partnerships
Standard 9: Continuous Professional Development & Code of Conduct
Standard 10: Teaching of English as a second language
14. The Accreditation of Teacher Education
Programs
Standard 1: Curriculum & Instruction.
Standard 2: Assessment & Evaluation System.
Standard 3: Physical Infrastructure / Academic Facilities & learning resource
Standard 4: Human Resources
Standard 5: Finance and Management.
Standard 6: Research & Scholarship.
Standard 7: Community Links & outreach.
15. Secondary School Teachers
The institutions preparing secondary school teachers are known as Colleges of
Education. Secondary school teacher education curriculum was revised by the
National Committee of Experts.
The revised curriculum had been introduced w.e.f. September 1976.
Innovations like the semester system, non-vocational training of teachers,
introduction of agro technical subjects and 3-year B. Ed. training programme
had been recommended in the revised B. Ed. Programme.
One-year B.Ed. Programme (14+1)
2 Years ADE and 4 Years B.Ed. Hons.
16. Higher Education
The institutions making, available advanced training by awarding M.A.
Edu./M.Ed. degrees are called Institutes of Education and Research and are
usually affiliated to the universities.
These institutions, for the professional training of teachers, bear a direct
relation between the educational changes and the role of teachers.
17. M. Ed. Programme
The M.Ed. Programme aims at preparing educational planners, managers,
administrators, teacher educators, guidance counselors, researchers and leaders in
specific areas of education.
Following areas of specialization have been recommended by the National
Committee on Teacher Education Curriculum:
1. Educational Administration 2. Curriculum Development
3. Primary Education 4. Secondary Education
5. Teacher Education 6. Science Education
7. Educational Planning and Development 8. Special Education
9. Adult Education 10. Instructional Technology
11. Guidance and Counseling 12. Research and Evaluation
18. In-Service and Pre-Service Training
All over the Pakistan, different types of pre-service and in-service training
programmes are in operation.
Teachers can get training from:
Conventional Teacher Training Programme
Field-based Teacher Training Programme
Distance Teacher Training Programme
Education Extension Centre Programmes
Learning Modules Training of the Primary and Non-Formal Education (PNE)
19. In-service Training Programmes
Education Extension Centres/Directorate of Staff Development
Refresher Training Course (RTC)
Primary Teacher Orientation Course (PTOC) of Allama Iqbal Open University
Primary and Non Formal Education (PNE)
20. Development and Problems of Teacher
Education
Institutional and Functional Management of TPD
Inter-tier Coordination
Governance and the Institutional Setting
Donor Coordination Issues
Governance and Private Sector Involvement
21. Problems of Teacher Education
Absence of Practical Policy & Standards
Accreditation System in Pakistan
Institutional Clutter:
Lack of Linkage between the Institutions:
Core Competencies
Recruitment
22. Cont…
Curriculum
Teacher Educators
Pre-Service Programs
In-Service Programs
Support System and School Management
Incentives and Career Path
23. Cont…
Cost Effectiveness of Existing Pre-Service TPD Programs
Low Understanding of Budgeting for TPD
Allocations and Utilization
Teacher Quality
Monitoring and Evaluation
Donor Supply Driven Initiatives
High Per Capita Cost for Low Grade Teachers
24. Recommendations
Provide a Policy and Framework Cover
Fixing the Institutional Puzzle
Developing Teacher Core Competencies
Proper Recruitment Practices
Proactive Up-to-Date Curriculum
In-Service Programs
25. Cont…
Pre-Service and In-Service Trainings
Healthy School Support Structure
Incentives
Monitoring and Evaluation
Infrastructure
Refrain from Exceeding the Capacity
Non-Formal Teachers
