This document provides an overview of e-commerce and e-business. It defines key terms like commerce, electronic commerce, e-business and discusses different models of e-commerce including B2B, B2C, C2B and C2C. It also covers important e-commerce technologies and concepts such as payment gateways, SSL certificates, electronic data interchange and supply chain management. The document highlights the economic potential of e-commerce in driving trade and the key incentives for businesses to engage in e-commerce like improving transaction management, business efficiency and accessing new markets.
This document discusses Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), including what it is, its benefits, and some terminology. EDI allows for the electronic exchange of standard business documents between companies in a computer-to-computer format. It provides benefits like reduced costs, increased speed, and fewer errors compared to traditional paper-based processes. However, EDI systems can be expensive to set up and maintain. The document also provides examples of common EDI documents and defines some key terms.
Electronic payment systems have revolutionized business by allowing for paperless monetary transactions and reducing paperwork, transaction costs, and labor costs. Common electronic payment methods include credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-money, electronic funds transfer, and e-wallets. These systems provide benefits like being user-friendly and faster than manual processing, helping businesses expand their markets. However, businesses must pay processing fees to accept these electronic payments.
EDI is the electronic exchange of business documents between companies in a standardized format. It allows faster processing of transactions which improves response time, customer service and inventory management. EDI reduces errors, lost data and paperwork. Documents are sent electronically via value added networks according to X12 or EDIFACT standards. Companies must consider the technical, legal and implementation aspects of EDI when deciding which transactions to convert from paper to electronic exchange.
I way - Network Infrastructure for e-Commercemc aa
Al Gore introduced the concept of the Information Superhighway in 1994 as a global communications network allowing people to share information and connect worldwide. It refers to a physical network of modern, high-speed links connecting everyone at home or work to everything else through broadband connections, functioning similarly to the internet. The network can carry data, voice, video and other services worldwide using technologies like satellite, fiber optics and cellular networks. It requires large investments and alliances between different industries to share costs and acquire expertise.
This document discusses e-commerce and e-business. E-commerce refers to buying and selling online, while e-business is a broader concept that also includes customer service, partnerships, and internal organization functions. There are different types of e-commerce such as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides benefits to organizations, customers, and society as a whole such as access to wider markets, lower costs, and increased standard of living. However, it also faces limitations such as security and privacy issues. The document outlines the consumer decision process and different advertising and shopping methods used in e-commerce.
This document discusses Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), including what it is, its benefits, and some terminology. EDI allows for the electronic exchange of standard business documents between companies in a computer-to-computer format. It provides benefits like reduced costs, increased speed, and fewer errors compared to traditional paper-based processes. However, EDI systems can be expensive to set up and maintain. The document also provides examples of common EDI documents and defines some key terms.
Electronic payment systems have revolutionized business by allowing for paperless monetary transactions and reducing paperwork, transaction costs, and labor costs. Common electronic payment methods include credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-money, electronic funds transfer, and e-wallets. These systems provide benefits like being user-friendly and faster than manual processing, helping businesses expand their markets. However, businesses must pay processing fees to accept these electronic payments.
EDI is the electronic exchange of business documents between companies in a standardized format. It allows faster processing of transactions which improves response time, customer service and inventory management. EDI reduces errors, lost data and paperwork. Documents are sent electronically via value added networks according to X12 or EDIFACT standards. Companies must consider the technical, legal and implementation aspects of EDI when deciding which transactions to convert from paper to electronic exchange.
I way - Network Infrastructure for e-Commercemc aa
Al Gore introduced the concept of the Information Superhighway in 1994 as a global communications network allowing people to share information and connect worldwide. It refers to a physical network of modern, high-speed links connecting everyone at home or work to everything else through broadband connections, functioning similarly to the internet. The network can carry data, voice, video and other services worldwide using technologies like satellite, fiber optics and cellular networks. It requires large investments and alliances between different industries to share costs and acquire expertise.
This document discusses e-commerce and e-business. E-commerce refers to buying and selling online, while e-business is a broader concept that also includes customer service, partnerships, and internal organization functions. There are different types of e-commerce such as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides benefits to organizations, customers, and society as a whole such as access to wider markets, lower costs, and increased standard of living. However, it also faces limitations such as security and privacy issues. The document outlines the consumer decision process and different advertising and shopping methods used in e-commerce.
The document discusses the benefits of electronic business (e-business) and information technology. It defines e-business and e-commerce, outlines the objectives of an e-business course, and describes various types and applications of e-business including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and inter-organizational systems. It also summarizes the benefits of e-business for organizations, consumers, and society such as reduced costs, increased market reach, improved customer service, and more choices for consumers.
This document discusses e-commerce, including its definition, history, types, advantages, and future. E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It has grown significantly since the 1990s with companies like Amazon and eBay. There are different types of e-commerce models including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides advantages such as lower costs, 24/7 access, and a large customer reach. However, it also poses disadvantages like lack of personal interaction and product experience before purchase. The future of e-commerce is predicted to include technologies like biometric payments, social media marketing, faster delivery, and 3D printing of
Network security and firewalls are important tools for protecting client-server networks. Firewalls act as a barrier between private networks and the public internet, controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on set rules. Common security threats to client-server networks include malicious software, phishing, hacking, and denial of service attacks. Encryption techniques like public key cryptography and digital signatures are important for ensuring data security and authenticity in electronic communications. Firewall types include packet filtering routers, application proxies, and hardened firewall hosts.
E-commerce is growing fast in today's world. It has Multiple Applications. As such, it is difficult to name each and every one of them. These are few of the most commonly used applications.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) allows businesses to exchange structured documents electronically in a standard format. It streamlines business transactions by automating document delivery and reducing errors. EDI improves speed, accuracy and security compared to paper-based systems. However, it also faces challenges from high costs that limit its adoption, as well as inconsistencies between the many standards that businesses may use.
EDI is the electronic transmission of business documents like purchase orders and invoices between companies in a standard format. It streamlines information flow, reducing paperwork and costs. EDI uses layers including physical infrastructure, standards translation, and transport. It is widely used in international trade to facilitate customs clearance, in healthcare for insurance claims processing, and in manufacturing/retail for just-in-time and quick response procurement. Larger companies directly use EDI while smaller companies employ third-party services.
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) involves the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. It allows businesses and individuals to create online stores, make digital products available for purchase, and find new ways to reach global markets. The growth of e-commerce has been driven by advances in technology and the widespread use of the internet. It provides benefits such as lower costs, increased access and convenience to both businesses and consumers.
Electronic payment systems allow customers to make online payments for purchases. There are various types of electronic payment methods, including e-wallets, e-cash, smart cards, and credit cards. E-cash works like real currency with unique serial numbers, while e-wallets store payment information like credit cards. Smart cards can be used for applications such as travel tickets and medical records. Credit cards involve repaying spent amounts later. Payment gateways protect sensitive credit card details during transactions between customers, merchants and payment processors. Electronic payment is growing in India due to technology changes, internet access, and encouragement by the Reserve Bank of India.
The document discusses different types of e-commerce:
- B2B e-commerce accounts for about 80% of all e-commerce and is the fastest growing segment. It involves transactions between businesses.
- B2C e-commerce involves transactions between businesses and consumers through online retail stores. It was an early form of e-commerce.
- B2G e-commerce is commerce between businesses and the public sector, such as through government procurement websites. However, it is a small part of the overall e-commerce market.
- C2C e-commerce allows transactions between individuals, such as through online auctions, file sharing, and classified listings. It has potential to create new markets.
This document discusses e-business and related applications. It begins by defining e-business and the types of activities it involves, such as buying and selling goods and services online. It then covers advantages like reduced costs and time savings, as well as disadvantages like security issues. Different e-business models are described, including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and others. Strategies for e-business growth like affiliate marketing and continuous improvement are outlined. Emerging trends in e-business like mobile technologies, social media, and customization options are also summarized.
E-business refers to conducting business online through e-commerce. There are different models of e-business including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-business (C2B), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). Companies use strategies like online marketing, sales, procurement, and customer service to succeed in e-business. Security and privacy are important for building customer trust in e-commerce transactions. Organizations can access the internet through intranets, extranets, portals, and kiosks.
The document describes an architecture framework for ecommerce applications consisting of 6 layers: 1) Application services with consumer, business, and intra-organization applications, 2) Brokerage and data management for service integration, 3) Interface layer providing catalogs and directories, 4) Secure messaging for communicating data, 5) Middleware services for interaction between systems, and 6) Network infrastructure including the World Wide Web as an architecture with protocols like HTTP, IP, and TCP. Communication between layers is enabled by protocols such as FTP, HTTP, SMTP, and SSL to securely transfer files and messages.
This document provides an overview of electronic data interchange (EDI). It defines EDI as the computer-to-computer exchange of standard business documents between companies. The history of EDI is traced back to the 1960s when railroad companies first developed the concept. While initially adopted by industries like transportation and retail, EDI is now used across many sectors. The document outlines how EDI works through the transmission of documents between applications using translation software. It also discusses international considerations for EDI like communication standards and connectivity challenges in some countries.
The PPT is about 3 Models Revenue model , B2B model and B2C model. These Models are different from types of Ecommerce Business. It will help you to understand different model with the help of real life examples. A case study is also provided for better knowledge. In the end you will be able to find your own ecommerce business model.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) | E-CommerceHem Pokhrel
This document discusses Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and how it works. It explains the layered architecture of EDI including the semantic, standards translation, packing, and physical network layers. It provides examples of how EDI streamlines business processes like ordering and payment between organizations by transferring data electronically instead of using paper. The document also outlines EDI standards like X12 and EDIFACT and provides examples of EDI applications in industries like international trade, finance, healthcare, and manufacturing. Overall benefits of EDI like reduced costs, errors and time delays are highlighted.
This document discusses e-commerce (electronic commerce). It defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the Internet. It describes the different models of e-commerce including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-government (B2G), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). It also discusses the necessary technologies and infrastructure to support e-commerce such as networks, web servers, electronic catalogs, and payment systems.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services online. The document provides a brief history of e-commerce beginning in 1979 and highlights some key events and companies in the development of e-commerce through the 1990s and 2000s. It then discusses different models of e-commerce including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and consumer-to-consumer. Finally, it covers important aspects of running an e-commerce business like payment systems, logistics, legal issues, and customer types.
The document provides information on EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) including its definition, history, standards, hardware/software requirements, benefits, applications and implementation in India. It discusses the role of the Ministry of Commerce and EDI Council in promoting EDI adoption. Key sectors implementing EDI include customs, DGFT, banks, airlines and ports to facilitate electronic processing and data exchange for international trade. Challenges around initial costs, maintenance and interoperability between different standards are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of electronic data interchange (EDI). It discusses how EDI allows for the computer-to-computer exchange of standard business documents like purchase orders and invoices. It outlines the benefits of EDI, such as reduced costs, errors and time delays compared to paper-based systems. It also describes how EDI uses standards like ANSI X.12 and EDIFACT to facilitate information exchanges and how software is used to implement EDI between businesses.
E-business vs. e-commerce. E-commerce and e-business are similar, with e-commerce referring to buying and selling products online. However, e-business defines a wider range of business processes by including aspects such as supply chain management (SCM), electronic order processing and customer relationship management (CRM) designed to help the company operate more effectively and efficiently.
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The document discusses the benefits of electronic business (e-business) and information technology. It defines e-business and e-commerce, outlines the objectives of an e-business course, and describes various types and applications of e-business including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and inter-organizational systems. It also summarizes the benefits of e-business for organizations, consumers, and society such as reduced costs, increased market reach, improved customer service, and more choices for consumers.
This document discusses e-commerce, including its definition, history, types, advantages, and future. E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It has grown significantly since the 1990s with companies like Amazon and eBay. There are different types of e-commerce models including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides advantages such as lower costs, 24/7 access, and a large customer reach. However, it also poses disadvantages like lack of personal interaction and product experience before purchase. The future of e-commerce is predicted to include technologies like biometric payments, social media marketing, faster delivery, and 3D printing of
Network security and firewalls are important tools for protecting client-server networks. Firewalls act as a barrier between private networks and the public internet, controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on set rules. Common security threats to client-server networks include malicious software, phishing, hacking, and denial of service attacks. Encryption techniques like public key cryptography and digital signatures are important for ensuring data security and authenticity in electronic communications. Firewall types include packet filtering routers, application proxies, and hardened firewall hosts.
E-commerce is growing fast in today's world. It has Multiple Applications. As such, it is difficult to name each and every one of them. These are few of the most commonly used applications.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) allows businesses to exchange structured documents electronically in a standard format. It streamlines business transactions by automating document delivery and reducing errors. EDI improves speed, accuracy and security compared to paper-based systems. However, it also faces challenges from high costs that limit its adoption, as well as inconsistencies between the many standards that businesses may use.
EDI is the electronic transmission of business documents like purchase orders and invoices between companies in a standard format. It streamlines information flow, reducing paperwork and costs. EDI uses layers including physical infrastructure, standards translation, and transport. It is widely used in international trade to facilitate customs clearance, in healthcare for insurance claims processing, and in manufacturing/retail for just-in-time and quick response procurement. Larger companies directly use EDI while smaller companies employ third-party services.
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) involves the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. It allows businesses and individuals to create online stores, make digital products available for purchase, and find new ways to reach global markets. The growth of e-commerce has been driven by advances in technology and the widespread use of the internet. It provides benefits such as lower costs, increased access and convenience to both businesses and consumers.
Electronic payment systems allow customers to make online payments for purchases. There are various types of electronic payment methods, including e-wallets, e-cash, smart cards, and credit cards. E-cash works like real currency with unique serial numbers, while e-wallets store payment information like credit cards. Smart cards can be used for applications such as travel tickets and medical records. Credit cards involve repaying spent amounts later. Payment gateways protect sensitive credit card details during transactions between customers, merchants and payment processors. Electronic payment is growing in India due to technology changes, internet access, and encouragement by the Reserve Bank of India.
The document discusses different types of e-commerce:
- B2B e-commerce accounts for about 80% of all e-commerce and is the fastest growing segment. It involves transactions between businesses.
- B2C e-commerce involves transactions between businesses and consumers through online retail stores. It was an early form of e-commerce.
- B2G e-commerce is commerce between businesses and the public sector, such as through government procurement websites. However, it is a small part of the overall e-commerce market.
- C2C e-commerce allows transactions between individuals, such as through online auctions, file sharing, and classified listings. It has potential to create new markets.
This document discusses e-business and related applications. It begins by defining e-business and the types of activities it involves, such as buying and selling goods and services online. It then covers advantages like reduced costs and time savings, as well as disadvantages like security issues. Different e-business models are described, including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and others. Strategies for e-business growth like affiliate marketing and continuous improvement are outlined. Emerging trends in e-business like mobile technologies, social media, and customization options are also summarized.
E-business refers to conducting business online through e-commerce. There are different models of e-business including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-business (C2B), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). Companies use strategies like online marketing, sales, procurement, and customer service to succeed in e-business. Security and privacy are important for building customer trust in e-commerce transactions. Organizations can access the internet through intranets, extranets, portals, and kiosks.
The document describes an architecture framework for ecommerce applications consisting of 6 layers: 1) Application services with consumer, business, and intra-organization applications, 2) Brokerage and data management for service integration, 3) Interface layer providing catalogs and directories, 4) Secure messaging for communicating data, 5) Middleware services for interaction between systems, and 6) Network infrastructure including the World Wide Web as an architecture with protocols like HTTP, IP, and TCP. Communication between layers is enabled by protocols such as FTP, HTTP, SMTP, and SSL to securely transfer files and messages.
This document provides an overview of electronic data interchange (EDI). It defines EDI as the computer-to-computer exchange of standard business documents between companies. The history of EDI is traced back to the 1960s when railroad companies first developed the concept. While initially adopted by industries like transportation and retail, EDI is now used across many sectors. The document outlines how EDI works through the transmission of documents between applications using translation software. It also discusses international considerations for EDI like communication standards and connectivity challenges in some countries.
The PPT is about 3 Models Revenue model , B2B model and B2C model. These Models are different from types of Ecommerce Business. It will help you to understand different model with the help of real life examples. A case study is also provided for better knowledge. In the end you will be able to find your own ecommerce business model.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) | E-CommerceHem Pokhrel
This document discusses Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and how it works. It explains the layered architecture of EDI including the semantic, standards translation, packing, and physical network layers. It provides examples of how EDI streamlines business processes like ordering and payment between organizations by transferring data electronically instead of using paper. The document also outlines EDI standards like X12 and EDIFACT and provides examples of EDI applications in industries like international trade, finance, healthcare, and manufacturing. Overall benefits of EDI like reduced costs, errors and time delays are highlighted.
This document discusses e-commerce (electronic commerce). It defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the Internet. It describes the different models of e-commerce including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-government (B2G), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). It also discusses the necessary technologies and infrastructure to support e-commerce such as networks, web servers, electronic catalogs, and payment systems.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services online. The document provides a brief history of e-commerce beginning in 1979 and highlights some key events and companies in the development of e-commerce through the 1990s and 2000s. It then discusses different models of e-commerce including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and consumer-to-consumer. Finally, it covers important aspects of running an e-commerce business like payment systems, logistics, legal issues, and customer types.
The document provides information on EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) including its definition, history, standards, hardware/software requirements, benefits, applications and implementation in India. It discusses the role of the Ministry of Commerce and EDI Council in promoting EDI adoption. Key sectors implementing EDI include customs, DGFT, banks, airlines and ports to facilitate electronic processing and data exchange for international trade. Challenges around initial costs, maintenance and interoperability between different standards are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of electronic data interchange (EDI). It discusses how EDI allows for the computer-to-computer exchange of standard business documents like purchase orders and invoices. It outlines the benefits of EDI, such as reduced costs, errors and time delays compared to paper-based systems. It also describes how EDI uses standards like ANSI X.12 and EDIFACT to facilitate information exchanges and how software is used to implement EDI between businesses.
E-business vs. e-commerce. E-commerce and e-business are similar, with e-commerce referring to buying and selling products online. However, e-business defines a wider range of business processes by including aspects such as supply chain management (SCM), electronic order processing and customer relationship management (CRM) designed to help the company operate more effectively and efficiently.
business research topics for mba
mba topics for presentation
mba project topics
mba research topics in management
dissertation topics for mba
mba finance research topics
mba topics on strategic management
thesis topic for mba
e business information
e business pdf
e business definition
ericsson e business
list of e businesses
e business sv
tetra pak e business portal
e business examples
This document discusses e-commerce, providing definitions and examples of different types. It begins by defining e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks like the internet. It then discusses the history and rise of e-commerce starting in the 1960s. Several types of e-commerce are described, including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, and others. Factors affecting the growth of e-commerce are also outlined, such as government support, economic conditions, infrastructure, and technology adoption rates.
Unit - 1 Chapter-1.pptx Introduction Ecommerceprachidabhi087
E-commerce refers to buying and selling of goods or services over the internet. It is a subset of e-business, which encompasses all business conducted online. There are several models of e-commerce including B2B, B2C, C2C, C2B, B2G, and G2B. E-commerce has developed in three waves since 1995, driven by improvements in internet technologies, the rise of mobile devices and social media, and greater participation of small businesses online.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce. It defines e-commerce and discusses different perspectives and types of e-commerce including B2B, B2C, C2C. It outlines the basic process of an e-commerce transaction and discusses the history and advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce. Key terms like e-business, online shopping carts, and digital payment processing are introduced.
This document provides an introduction and overview of e-business and e-commerce. It defines e-business and e-commerce, discusses the differences between them, and outlines several key concepts related to e-business including types of e-business models, advantages and disadvantages of e-business, and components of the e-business value chain. The document also discusses trends in e-commerce in India and provides examples of major e-commerce companies.
The document discusses e-business and its key aspects. E-business refers to conducting business online using internet and web technologies. It allows buyers and sellers to interact electronically without meeting in person. The growth of e-commerce has significantly impacted the global economy by creating new markets, stimulating economic growth, and promoting sustainability. E-business has opened up new opportunities for businesses and played a vital role in driving the global economy.
This document provides an introduction to e-commerce, including definitions, types, and benefits. E-commerce is defined as the use of computing and communication technologies to conduct business transactions online. It has several benefits over traditional commerce like reduced costs, expanded markets, and increased customer access. The main types of e-commerce are business-to-consumer, business-to-business, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government. Forces driving the growth of e-commerce include economic factors, improved marketing/customer interaction, and advancing technologies.
This document provides an introduction to e-commerce, including definitions, types, and frameworks. It defines commerce and e-commerce, discusses different definitions of e-commerce, and outlines the scopes and benefits. It also describes types of e-commerce like B2C, B2B, C2C, and frameworks like Kalakota and Whinston's four building blocks and two supporting pillars. Overall, the document serves as a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and models relating to e-commerce.
introduction to E-commerce, Electronic commerce, EDI, CS802E,
e-commerce ,edi ,electronic data interchange ,traditional commerce ,buyer and seller ,origin of e-commerce ,business process ,impact of e-commerce ,value chain analysis ,company value chain ,case studies on e-commerce ,advantages of e-commerce ,disadvantages of e-commerce
E-commerce involves a range of business processes to support online buying and selling, including marketing, transactions, delivery, service, and payments. It relies on technologies like the internet, intranet and extranet networks. There are three main categories of e-commerce: business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and consumer-to-consumer. Successful e-commerce requires managing essential processes such as access control and security, profiling and personalization, search, content and catalog management, workflow, event notification, collaboration and trading, electronic payments, and electronic funds transfer.
The document discusses different types of e-commerce and enterprise business systems. It defines electronic business (e-business) as using the web and internet for business processes beyond just online buying and selling. Enterprise systems support wider business functions like supply chain management and customer relationship management.
The key differences between e-commerce and e-business are outlined, with e-commerce focusing on monetary transactions through a website, while e-business encompasses both monetary and non-monetary online business activities using internet, intranet and extranet networks.
Popular enterprise systems like ERP, CRM and SCM are examined in terms of their functions and how they integrate to support business operations. Examples of leading ERP, CRM
The document discusses different types of e-commerce and enterprise business systems. It defines electronic business (e-business) as using the web and internet for business processes beyond just online buying and selling. Enterprise systems include supply chain management, customer relationship management, and other processes. The key difference between e-commerce and e-business is that e-commerce refers specifically to online transactions, while e-business is a broader term that includes non-monetary activities. Popular enterprise software includes ERP systems like SAP and Oracle that manage internal operations, and CRM systems like Salesforce that manage customer relationships.
The document provides an overview of the key topics covered in the E-Commerce (BCA-409) course syllabus taught in the 4th semester of BBA at Vinod Kumar's university. The main sections covered include an introduction to e-commerce, defining its main activities and benefits. It also outlines the broad goals, main components, functions, process, and types of e-commerce. The roles of internet and web technologies in e-commerce are discussed along with the technologies used and e-commerce systems. It concludes with an introduction to the prerequisites, scope and various e-business models of e-commerce.
The contents include introduction of commerce, traditional commerce and e-commerce, features and success factors of e-commerce, benefits and limitations of e-commerce, types of e-commerce and terminologies used in e-commerce.
E-commerce refers to the paperless exchange of business information using electronic means like EDI, email, electronic bulletin boards, and EFT. It allows businesses to reduce costs, improve quality and speed of delivery. Key benefits of e-commerce include non-cash payments, 24/7 availability, improved advertising, increased sales, improved inventory management and communication. However, it also faces challenges like security, initial costs, and lack of physical interaction with products.
This document provides an overview of electronic commerce (e-commerce). It defines e-commerce as buying and selling products or services over electronic systems like the Internet. The history and growth of e-commerce since the 1980s is discussed. Examples of different types of e-commerce models are provided, including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and others. Advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce are listed. Electronic data interchange and electronic funds transfer are identified as important technologies that facilitate e-commerce transactions. Key aspects of electronic data interchange systems and their advantages are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of e-commerce, including definitions and explanations of key terms. It discusses traditional commerce and how e-commerce differs, focusing on how electronic networks like the internet enable firms and individuals to conduct business. The document also outlines several e-commerce models (B2B, B2C, etc.), advantages and disadvantages, and how e-commerce has impacted organizational structures and human resource management practices through digital transformation.
This document discusses e-business and e-commerce. It defines e-commerce as buying and selling online, while e-business involves broader digital transformation of business processes. E-business uses internet technologies to transform key operations and strategy. It also discusses how e-business requires integration of information technologies across the entire organization and supply chain. The document provides examples of how e-business differs from traditional business models by being more flexible, customer-focused and driven by technology.
This document provides an introduction to big data, including its key characteristics of volume, velocity, and variety. It describes different types of big data technologies like Hadoop, MapReduce, HDFS, Hive, and Pig. Hadoop is an open source software framework for distributed storage and processing of large datasets across clusters of computers. MapReduce is a programming model used for processing large datasets in a distributed computing environment. HDFS provides a distributed file system for storing large datasets across clusters. Hive and Pig provide data querying and analysis capabilities for data stored in Hadoop clusters using SQL-like and scripting languages respectively.
The document discusses various AI problem solving techniques. It begins by defining problems in AI as having a start state, goal state, and set of rules to transform between states. Common problems discussed include the water jug problem, tic-tac-toe, 8-puzzle, 8-queens, chess, and the missionaries and cannibals problem. It also discusses representing problems formally and using production systems with rules to systematically search the state space from start to goal states.
The document discusses innovation and entrepreneurship. It defines innovation as the successful implementation of new ideas, whether products, processes or systems. Entrepreneurship is defined as starting and managing a business to make a profit by taking on risks and opportunities. The document outlines different types of innovation like breakthrough, sustaining, new market, and disruptive innovations. It emphasizes that innovation and entrepreneurship are important for economic growth and for businesses to stay competitive through constant evolution.
Innovation involves generating new ideas and implementing them successfully. It can improve performance, solve problems, and create value. The innovation process depends on knowledge and involves turning inventions into goods/services that customers will pay for. It includes deliberate application of information, imagination, and initiative to derive greater value. Effective knowledge management can feed a continual flow of ideas into the innovation process, while innovation focuses on experimentation and creating future best practices. Entrepreneurship is needed to successfully bring innovations to market despite obstacles.
This document outlines the units of study for the course "Innovation and Entrepreneurship". The five units cover topics like defining innovation and entrepreneurship, theories of entrepreneurship, identifying opportunities, the role of government in promoting entrepreneurship, and special topics like women entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. Case studies and readings from various books and authors are also suggested to supplement the course content. The course aims to provide students with knowledge on innovation, entrepreneurship, developing entrepreneurial skills, and factors that affect new ventures.
The document discusses the role of creativity and innovation in business. It defines key terms like creativity, innovation, idea generation, and entrepreneurship. It also describes techniques for idea generation like brainstorming. Further, it discusses product development and opportunity identification processes. An example provided is of Lijjat Papad, a successful business started on a small idea by women that now employs many and generates significant revenue. Overall, the document emphasizes that new, powerful ideas are the starting point for any business and innovation is crucial for entrepreneurial success.
The document discusses the role of creativity and innovation in business. It defines key terms like creativity, innovation, idea generation, and entrepreneurship. It also describes techniques for idea generation like brainstorming. Further, it discusses product development and opportunity identification processes. An example provided is of Lijjat Papad, a women's cooperative that started from a small idea and became very successful. Several organizations dedicated to idea generation are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of a Management Information Systems syllabus. It outlines 5 units that will be covered: Foundation of Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Concepts of Planning & Control, Business Applications of Information Technology, and Managing Information Technology. Each unit describes its goals and objectives. The goals aim to provide students with a broad introductory understanding of information systems within organizational contexts. The objectives focus on topics like the role of IS in business, IS architecture, emerging technologies, security/ethics of IS, and using IS for competitive advantage and strategic planning.
This document contains a 15 question mock test on C programming while loops. The questions cover topics like the output of various while loop code snippets, how many times a condition is checked in a loop, and which type of loop is best suited for first performing an operation and then testing a condition. The respondent scored 0 out of 15 on the mock test, indicating they need more practice with while loops in C programming.
Lily Ray - Optimize the Forest, Not the Trees: Move Beyond SEO Checklist - Mo...Amsive
Lily Ray, Vice President of SEO Strategy & Research at Amsive, explores optimizing strategies for sustainable growth and explores the impact of AI on the SEO landscape.
In today's digital world, customers are just a click away. "Grow Your Business Online: Introduction to Digital Marketing" dives into the exciting world of digital marketing, equipping you with the tools and strategies to reach new audiences, expand your reach, and ultimately grow your business.
website = https://digitaldiscovery.institute/
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As 2023 proved, the next few years may be shaped by market volatility and artificial intelligence services such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and Perplexity.ai. Your brand will increasingly compete for attention with Google, Apple, OpenAI, and Amazon, and customers will expect a hyper-relevant and individualized experience from every business at any moment. New state-legislated data privacy laws and several FTC rules may challenge marketers to deliver contextually relevant customer experiences, much less reach unknown prospective buyers. Are you ready?Let's discuss the critical need for data governance and applied AI for your business rather than relying on public AI models. As AI permeates society and all industries, learn how to be future-ready, compliant, and confidentlyscaling growth.
Key Takeaways:
Primary Learning Objective
1: Grasp when artificial general intelligence (""AGI"") will arrive, and how your brand can navigate the consequences. Primary Learning Objective
2: Gain an accurate analysis of the continuously developing customer journey and business intelligence. Primary Learning Objective
3: Grow revenue at lower costs with more efficient marketing and business operations.
Efficient Website Management for Digital Marketing ProsLauren Polinsky
Learn how to optimize website projects, leverage SEO tactics effectively, and implement product-led marketing approaches for enhanced digital presence and ROI.
This session is your key to unlocking the secrets of successful digital marketing campaigns and maximizing your business's online potential.
Actionable tactics you can apply after this session:
- Streamlined Website Management: Discover techniques to streamline website development, manage day-to-day operations efficiently, and ensure smooth project execution.
- Effective SEO Practices: Gain valuable insights into optimizing your website for search engines, improving visibility, and driving organic traffic to your digital assets.
- Leverage Product-Led Marketing: Explore strategies for incorporating product-led marketing principles into your digital marketing efforts, enhancing user engagement and driving conversions.
Don't miss out on this opportunity to elevate your digital marketing game and achieve tangible results!
Mastering Local SEO for Service Businesses in the AI Era is tailored specifically for local service providers like plumbers, dentists, and others seeking to dominate their local search landscape. This session delves into leveraging AI advancements to enhance your online visibility and search rankings through the Content Factory model, designed for creating high-impact, SEO-driven content. Discover the Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy, a cost-effective approach to boost your local SEO efforts and attract more customers with minimal investment. Gain practical insights on optimizing your online presence to meet the specific needs of local service seekers, ensuring your business not only appears but stands out in local searches. This concise, action-oriented workshop is your roadmap to navigating the complexities of digital marketing in the AI age, driving more leads, conversions, and ultimately, success for your local service business.
Key Takeaways:
Embrace AI for Local SEO: Learn to harness the power of AI technologies to optimize your website and content for local search. Understand the pivotal role AI plays in analyzing search trends and consumer behavior, enabling you to tailor your SEO strategies to meet the specific demands of your target local audience. Leverage the Content Factory Model: Discover the step-by-step process of creating SEO-optimized content at scale. This approach ensures a steady stream of high-quality content that engages local customers and boosts your search rankings. Get an action guide on implementing this model, complete with templates and scheduling strategies to maintain a consistent online presence. Maximize ROI with Dollar-a-Day Advertising: Dive into the cost-effective Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy that amplifies your visibility in local searches without breaking the bank. Learn how to strategically allocate your budget across platforms to target potential local customers effectively. The session includes an action guide on setting up, monitoring, and optimizing your ad campaigns to ensure maximum impact with minimal investment.
The advent of AI offers marketers unprecedented opportunities to craft personalized and engaging customer experiences, evolving customer engagements from one-sided conversations to interactive dialogues. By leveraging AI, companies can now engage in meaningful dialogues with customers, gaining deep insights into their preferences and delivering customized solutions.
Susan will present case studies illustrating AI's application in enhancing customer interactions across diverse sectors. She'll cover a range of AI tools, including chatbots, voice assistants, predictive analytics, and conversational marketing, demonstrating how these technologies can be woven into marketing strategies to foster personalized customer connections.
Participants will learn about the advantages and hurdles of integrating AI in marketing initiatives, along with actionable advice on starting this transformation. They will understand how AI can automate mundane tasks, refine customer data analysis, and offer personalized experiences on a large scale.
Attendees will come away with an understanding of AI's potential to redefine marketing, equipped with the knowledge and tactics to leverage AI in staying competitive. The talk aims to motivate professionals to adopt AI in enhancing their CX, driving greater customer engagement, loyalty, and business success.
Unlock the secrets to enhancing your digital presence with our masterclass on mastering online visibility. Learn actionable strategies to boost your brand, optimize your social media, and leverage SEO. Transform your online footprint into a powerful tool for growth and engagement.
Key Takeaways:
1. Effective techniques to increase your brand's visibility across various online platforms.
2. Strategies for optimizing social media profiles and content to maximize reach and engagement.
3. Insights into leveraging SEO best practices to improve search engine rankings and drive organic traffic.
We will explore the transformative journey of American Bath Group as they transitioned from a traditional monolithic CMS to a dynamic, composable martech framework using Kontent.ai. Discover the strategic decisions, challenges, and key benefits realized through adopting a headless CMS approach. Learn how composable business models empower marketers with flexibility, speed, and integration capabilities, ultimately enhancing digital experiences and operational efficiency. This session is essential for marketers looking to understand the practical impacts and advantages of composable technology in today's digital landscape. Join us to gain valuable insights and actionable takeaways from a real-world implementation that redefines the boundaries of marketing technology.
This session will aim to comprehensively review the current state of artificial intelligence techniques for emotional recognition and their potential applications in optimizing digital advertising strategies. Key studies developing AI models for multimodal emotion recognition from videos, images, and neurophysiological signals were analyzed to build content for this session. The session delves deeper into the current challenges, opportunities to help realize the full benefits of emotion AI for personalized digital marketing.
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Digital Marketing Services | Techvolt Software :
Digital Marketing is a latest method of Marketing techniques widely used across the Globe. Digital Marketing is an online marketing technique and methods used for all products and services through Search Engine and Social media advertisements. Previously the marketing techniques were used without using the internet via direct and indirect marketing strategies such as advertising through Telemarketing,Newspapers,Televisions,Posters etc.
List of Services offered in Digital Marketing |Techvolt Software :
Techvolt Software offers best Digital Marketing services for promoting your products and services through online platform on the below methods of Digital marketing
1. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
2. Search Engine Marketing (SEM)
3. Social Media Optimization (SMO)
4. Social Media Marketing (SMM)
5. Campaigns
Importance | Need of Digital Marketing (Online Promotions) :
1. Quick Promotions through Online
2. Generation of More leads and Business Enquiries via Search Engine and Social Media Platform
3. Latest Technology development vs Business promotions
4. Creation of Social Branding
5. Promotion with less investment
Benefits Digital Marketing Services at Techvolt software :
1. Services offered with Affordable cost
2. Free Content writing
3. Free Dynamic Website design*
4. Best combo offers on website Hosting,design along with digital marketing services
5. Assured Lead Generation through Search Engine and Social Media
6. Online Maintenance Support
Free Website + Digital Marketing Services
Techvolt Software offers Free website design for all customer and clients who is availing the digital marketing services for a minimum period of 6 months.
With Regards
Gokila digital marketer
Coimbatore
In the digital age, businesses are inundated with tools promising to streamline operations, enhance creativity, and boost productivity. Yet, the true key to digital transformation lies not in the accumulation of tools but in strategically integrating the right AI solutions to revolutionize workflows. Join Jordache, an experienced entrepreneur, tech strategist and AI consultant, as he explores essential AI tools across three critical categories—Ideation, Creation, and Operations—that can reshape the way your business creates, operates, and scales.This talk will guide you through the practicalities of selecting and effectively using AI tools that go beyond the basics of today’s popular tools like ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Midjourney, or Dall-E. For each category of tools, Jordache will address three crucial questions: What is each tool? Why is each one valuable to you as a business leader? How can you start using it in your workflow? This approach will not only clarify the role of these tools but also highlight their strategic value, making it perfect for business leaders ready to make informed decisions about integrating AI into their workflows.
Key Takeaways:
>> Strategic Selection and Integration: Understand how to select AI tools that align with your business goals and how to conceptually integrate them into your workflows to enhance efficiency and innovation.
>> Understanding AI Tool Categories: Gain a deeper understanding of how AI tools can be leveraged in the areas of ideation, creation, and operation—transforming each aspect of your business.
>> Practical Starting Points: Learn how you can start using these tools in your business with practical tips on initial steps and integration ideas.
>> Future-Proofing Your Business: Discover how staying informed about and utilizing the latest AI tools and strategies can keep your business competitive in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
The Forgotten Secret Weapon of Digital Marketing: Email
Digital marketing is a rapidly changing, ever evolving industry--Influencers, Threads, X, AI, etc. But one of the most effective digital marketing tools is also one of the oldest: Email. Find out from two Houston-based digital experts how to maximize your results from email.
Key Takeaways:
Email has the best ROI of any digital tactic
It can be used at any stage of the customer journey
It is increasingly important as the cookie-less future gets closer and closer
Did you know that while 50% of content on the internet is in English, English only makes up 26% of the world’s spoken language? And yet 87% of customers won’t buy from an English only website.
Uncover the immense potential of communicating with customers in their own language and learn how translation holds the key to unlocking global growth. Join Smartling CEO, Bryan Murphy, as he reveals how translation software can streamline the translation process and seamlessly integrate into your martech stack for optimal efficiency. And that's not all – he’ll also share some inspiring success stories and practical tips that will turbocharge your multilingual marketing efforts!
Key takeaways:
1. The growth potential of reaching customers in their native language
2. Tips to streamline translation with software and integrations to your tech stack
3. Success stories from companies that have increased lead generation, doubled revenue, and more with translation
In this humorous and data-heavy Master Class, join us in a joyous celebration of life honoring the long list of SEO tactics and concepts we lost this year. Remember fondly the beautiful time you shared with defunct ideas like link building, keyword cannibalization, search volume as a value indicator, and even our most cherished of friends: the funnel. Make peace with their loss as you embrace a new paradigm for organic content: Pillar-Based Marketing. Along the way, discover that the results that old SEO and all its trappings brought you weren’t really very good at all, actually.
In this respectful and life-affirming service—erm, session—join Ryan Brock (Chief Solution Officer at DemandJump and author of Pillar-Based Marketing: A Data-Driven Methodology for SEO and Content that Actually Works) and leave with:
• Clear and compelling evidence that most legacy SEO metrics and tactics have slim to no impact on SEO outcomes
• A major mindset shift that eliminates most of the metrics and tactics associated with SEO in favor of a single metric that defines and drives organic ranking success
• Practical, step-by-step methodology for choosing SEO pillar topics and publishing content quickly that ranks fast
Customer Experience is not only for B2C and big box brands. Embark on a transformative journey into the realm of B2B customer experience with our masterclass. In this dynamic session, we'll delve into the intricacies of designing and implementing seamless customer journeys that leave a lasting impression. Explore proven strategies and best practices tailored specifically for the B2B landscape, learning how to navigate complex decision-making processes and cultivate meaningful relationships with clients. From initial engagement to post-sale support, discover how to optimize every touchpoint to deliver exceptional experiences that drive loyalty and revenue growth. Join us and unlock the keys to unparalleled success in the B2B arena.
Key Takeaways:
1. Identify your customer journey and growth areas
2. Build a three-step customer experience strategy
3. Put your CX data to use and drive action in your organization
Mastering Local SEO for Service Businesses in the AI Era"" is tailored specifically for local service providers like plumbers, dentists, and others seeking to dominate their local search landscape. This session delves into leveraging AI advancements to enhance your online visibility and search rankings through the Content Factory model, designed for creating high-impact, SEO-driven content. Discover the Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy, a cost-effective approach to boost your local SEO efforts and attract more customers with minimal investment. Gain practical insights on optimizing your online presence to meet the specific needs of local service seekers, ensuring your business not only appears but stands out in local searches. This concise, action-oriented workshop is your roadmap to navigating the complexities of digital marketing in the AI age, driving more leads, conversions, and ultimately, success for your local service business.
Key Takeaways:
Embrace AI for Local SEO: Learn to harness the power of AI technologies to optimize your website and content for local search. Understand the pivotal role AI plays in analyzing search trends and consumer behavior, enabling you to tailor your SEO strategies to meet the specific demands of your target local audience. Leverage the Content Factory Model: Discover the step-by-step process of creating SEO-optimized content at scale. This approach ensures a steady stream of high-quality content that engages local customers and boosts your search rankings. Get an action guide on implementing this model, complete with templates and scheduling strategies to maintain a consistent online presence. Maximize ROI with Dollar-a-Day Advertising: Dive into the cost-effective Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy that amplifies your visibility in local searches without breaking the bank. Learn how to strategically allocate your budget across platforms to target potential local customers effectively. The session includes an action guide on setting up, monitoring, and optimizing your ad campaigns to ensure maximum impact with minimal investment.
Build marketing products across the customer journey to grow your business and build a relationship with your customer. For example you can build graders, calculators, quizzes, recommendations, chatbots or AR apps. Things like Hubspot's free marketing grader, Moz's site analyzer, VenturePact's mobile app cost calculator, new york times's dialect quiz, Ikea's AR app, L'Oreal's AR app and Nike's fitness apps. All of these examples are free tools that help drive engagement with your brand, build an audience and generate leads for your core business by adding value to a customer during a micro-moment.
Key Takeaways:
Learn how to use specific GPTs to help you Learn how to build your own marketing tools
Generate marketing ideas for your business How to think through and use AI in marketing
How AI changes the marketing game
Are you struggling to differentiate yourself in a saturated market? Do you find it challenging to attract and retain buyers? Learn how to effectively communicate your expertise using a Free Book Funnel designed to address these challenges and attract premium clients. This session will explore how a well-crafted book can be your most effective marketing tool, enhancing your credibility while significantly increasing your leads and sales while decreasing overall lead cost. Unpacking practical steps to create a magnetic book funnel that not only draws in your ideal customers, but also keeps them engaged. Break through the noise in the marketing world and leave with a blueprint that will transform your sales strategy.
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
4. Introduction
• Commerce, exchange of goods and services, usually for
money
• Example: when buy something from grocery store, we
are actually participating in the process of commerce
• For participating commerce in different ways, we have
different roles:
– Buyers
– Sellers
– Producers
5. Introduction
• Buyers are those people with money who want to
purchase a goods or services
• Sellers are those people who offers goods and services
to buyers. Sellers are generally recognized in two
different forms:
– Retailers, who sell directly to consumers
– Wholesalers or distributers, who sell to retailers and other
businesses
• Producers are those people who create the
products and
services that offers to buyers
The producer sells the products produced to
6. Elements of commerce
• You need a Product or service to sell
• You need a Place from which to sell the products
• You need to figure out a way to get people to come to
your place.
• You need a way to accept orders.
• You also need a way to accept money.
• You need a way to deliver the product or service, often
known as fulfillment.
• Sometimes customers do not like what they buy, so you
need a way to accept returns.
• You need a customer service and technical support
department to assist customers with products.
8. Introduction: E-commerce
• Electronic Commerce (EC) is where business
transactions take place via telecommunications
networks, especially the Internet
• Electronic commerce describes the buying and selling of
products, services, and information via computer
networks including the Internet
• Electronic commerce is about doing business
electronically
• E-commerce, ecommerce, or electronic commerce is
defined as the conduct of a financial transaction by
electronic means.
• Electronic commerce is doing commerce with the use of
computers, networks and commerce-enabled software
10. Emergence of E-commerce
With the advent of the Internet, the term e-commerce
began to
include:
• Electronic trading of physical goods and of intangibles
such as information.
• All the steps involved in trade, such as on-line
marketing, ordering payment and support for delivery.
• The electronic provision of services such as after sales
support or on-line legal advice.
• Electronic support for collaboration between companies
such as collaborative on-line design and engineering or
virtual business consultancy teams.
11. E-Business
• Process of using electronic technology to do business
• E-business is the conduct of business on the Internet,
not only buying and selling but also servicing customers
and collaborating with business partners.
• E-business includes customer service (e-service) and
intra-business tasks.
• E-business is the transformation of key business
processes through the use of Internet technologies.
• An e-business is a company that can adapt to constant
and continual change
13. E-Business
E-business covers online transactions, but also extends
to all Internet based interactions with business partners,
suppliers and customers such as: selling direct to
consumers, manufacturers and suppliers; monitoring
and exchanging information; auctioning surplus
inventory; and collaborative product design. These
online interactions are aimed at improving or
transforming business processes and efficiency.
14. E-business: benefits
• Improved accuracy, quality and time required for
updating and delivering information on products and/or
services.
• Access for customers to catalogues and prices - 24
hours x 7 days.
• Improved ease, speed and immediacy of customer
ordering.
• Enhanced market, industry or competitor intelligence
acquired through information gathering and research
activities.
15. E-business: benefits
• New distribution channels via the electronic delivery of
some products and services, for example, product
design collaboration, publications, software, translation
services, banking, etc.
• Expansion of customer base and growth in export
opportunities.
• Reduces routine administrative tasks (invoices and order
records) freeing staff to focus on more strategic
activities.
16. E-commerce vs. E-Business
• E-commerce subset of e-business
• Involvement of monetary transaction is e-commerce
• To sell online is e-commerce but to bring and retain
customers and educate about the product or service is
e-business
• E-commerce relates with macro-environment while e-
business relates more the micro-level of the firm
18. Key drivers of e-commerce
• Technical factors
• Political factors
• Social factors
• Economic factors
19. Technological factors
• Telecommunications infrastructure
– Backbone infrastructure and architecture
– Industry players and competition
– Pricing
– Internet service providers
– Range of services available (e.g. ADSL, ISDN)
– Ownership (private or public sector)
• Access to new technology developments
• Bandwidth
• Speed of development and implementation of new
technology by industry sector
20. Political factors
• Number and type of government incentives and
programmes to support the use and development of new
technology
• Legislation – number and type of supportive or restrictive
laws and policies that govern electronic data, contacts
and financial transactions. For example, laws that
recognise and enforce the validity of electronic
documentation, contracts and transactions in a court of
law; the validation of digital signatures; the legal usage
of electronic security measures such as encryption
• Public policies – whether government supports the
growth of electronic transactions and processes. For
example, filing tax returns to the Inland Revenue
electronically, the national education curriculum and
21. Social factors
• Skills of workforce
• Number of users on-line
• Penetration rate of PCs
• Level of education; computer literacy and IT skills
• Culture of technophilia – a willingness and ability to
adopt new technology and the speed at which
technology achieves critical mass as in Japan
22. Economic factors
• Economic growth – GDP
• Average income
• Cost of technology (hardware and software)
• Cost of access to telecommunications infrastructure –
pricing structures and rates
• Commercial infrastructure – advancement of banking
sector; payment systems
• Innovative business models
24. They are Related as
E-commerce provides the infrastructure and
environment that enables and facilitates e-business.
Within this, the implementation of e-business is solely
dependent on whether there is a demand by the
organisation and whether it can be supplied within the
organisation. Demand is created largely by the need to
cut costs, improve efficiency, maintain competitive
advantage and meet stakeholder requirements. These
business objectives can be met through the supply of a
technological infrastructure to improve organisational
processes, a willingness, ability and commitment to
integrate new technology and improve working practice
within the organisation, and crucial to all this is the
allocation of resources.
28. Categories of E-Commerce
Supplier Opportunity Customer Benefits
•Global Presence
•Improved Competitiveness
•Mass Customization &
“Customerization”
•Shorten & eradicate
supply chains
•Cost savings
•Novel business
opportunities
•Global Choice
•Quality of Service
•Personalized Products &
Services
•Rapid response to needs
•Price reductions
•New products & services
29. B2B e-commerce
• E-commerce that is conducted between businesses is
referred to as business-to-business e-commerce or B2B
• Such as between manufacturer and a wholesaler or
between a wholesaler and a retailer
• On the internet, B2B is the exchange of products,
services or information between businesses rather than
between businesses and consumers
31. B2B e-commerce
Example:-
Dell deals computers and other associated accessories
online but it does not make all those products. So, in
govern to deal those products, first step is to purchases
them from unlike businesses i.e. the producers of those
products.
– Intel selling microprocessor to Dell
Heinz selling ketchup to Mc Donalds’
Note: About 80% of e-commerce is of this type.
32. B2C e-commerce
• E-commerce that is conducted between businesses and
customers referred to as business-to consumer or B2C
e-commerce
• E.g., www.amazon.com, business selling to the general
public typically through catalogue utilizing shopping cart
software
• Dell selling me a laptop
34. C2B e-commerce
A consumer posts his project with a set budget online
and within hours companies review the consumer's
requirements and bid on the project. The consumer
reviews the bids and selects the company that will
complete the project
35. C2B e-commerce
Example:
A student wants to fly from London to New York, but
has only £200 ($320) in the bank to pay for this round
trip. They put up an ad in an Internet C2B site, seeking
airlines that are willing to offer the transatlantic round trip
for £200 or less. The beauty of the Internet is that it
brings together a large number of customers to create a
marketplace that a number of airlines (that will have to
otherwise fly with empty seats) will be interested in.
36. C2C e-commerce
Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce or C2C is simply
commerce between private individuals or consumers
Example:
– Online market dealer such as eBay, Marry buying an
iPod from John on eBay
– Me selling a car to my neighbour
38. Amazon orders
from publishers
Publishers order
paper supplies
from paper
companies
Consumers search
out sellers, offers
and initiate
purchases from
Amazon
Consumers buy
thousands of
Harry Potter
books from
Amazon
Consumers
resell copies on
eBay
Business Consumers
Business originating from…
Convergence of e-Commerce
Categories
39. B2G e-commerce
• Business-to-government e-commerce or B2G is
generally defined as commerce between companies and
the public sector. It refers to the use of the Internet for
public procurement, licensing procedures, and other
government-related operations
• Example:
– Business pay taxes, file reports, or sell goods and
services to Govt. agencies.
40. Other e-commerce
• G2G (Government-to-Government)
• G2E (Government-to-Employee)
• G2B (Government-to-Business)
• B2G (Business-to-Government)
• G2C (Government-to-Citizen)
• C2G (Citizen-to-Government)
Note:
• They involve transactions with the government--from
procurement to filing taxes to business registrations to
renewing licenses
41. E-commerce: Technology &
Prospects
• Internet, Intranet and Extranet
• Electronic Fund Transfer
• Components:
SSL certificates,
Payment gateways
Trust marks
• Electronic Data Interchange
• Supply Chain Management
42. Electronic Fund Transfer: EFT
Electronic exchange or transfer of money from one
account to another, either within a single financial
institution or across multiple institutions,
through computer-based systems
43. Electronic Fund Transfer: EFT
• Wire transfer or credit transfer is a method of electronic
funds transfer from one person or institution to another
• Wire transfer can be made from one bank account to
another bank account or through a transfer of cash at a
cash office
• Wire transfer systems are intended to provide more
individualized transactions than bulk payment systems
such as ACH
• ACH (Automated Clearing House) processes large
volumes of credit and debit transactions in batches
• ACH direct debit transfers include consumer payments
on insurance premiums, mortgage loans, and other
kinds of bills
44. SSL certificates
• Digital certificates for web servers
• To provide security authentication, privacy and data
integrity through encryption
• To ensure secure transactions between web servers and
browsers
45. Payment Gateways
• an e-commerce application service provider that
authorizes payments for e-businesses, online retailers
etc
• A secure online payment system to commerce web sites
• Payment gateways protect credit card details by
encrypting sensitive information, such as credit
card numbers, to ensure that information is passed
securely between the customer and the merchant and
also between merchant and the payment processor.
•
46. Trust marks
• Trust mark helps online businesses show customers
they are a member of a professional accreditation
organization
• Trust mark shows they have passed security and
privacy tests
• Also called “security seals”, allows merchants to
communicate to customers that information exchange
and transaction processing are secure and reliable
• Example: VeriSign seal for trust marks
47. Electronic Data Interchange:
EDI
• Computer-to-computer exchange of business data and
documents between companies using standard formats
• The information used in EDI is organized according to a
specified format set by both companies participating in
the data exchange
• This allows for computer transactions that require no
human involvement.
• Thus, it is the transfer of structured data, by agreed
message standards, from one computer system to
another without human intervention.
49. SCM: Definition
Management of a network of interconnected businesses
involved in the ultimate provision of product and service
pacakges required by end consumers
50. Supply Chain Management:
SCM
A set of approaches used to efficiently integrate
• Suppliers
• Manufacturers
• Warehouses
• Distribution centers
So that the product is produced and distributed
• In the right quantities
• To the right locations
• And at the right time
System-wide costs are minimized and service level
requirements are satisfied
52. Economic potential of e-
commerce
• E-commerce has the potential to drive sub-regional
trade and integration and improve global
competitiveness
• Potential benefits include online communication
integrated with information systems of business
partners, which may
lead to customized products and services, a more
diversified regional or global market; better
understanding of customer needs, accurate real-time
information exchange, and cost-efficient productivity
• E-commerce provides effective and efficient ways in
which customers can gather information rapidly about
available products and services, evaluate and negotiate
53. Economic potential of e-
commerce
• Suppliers can also easily access customer’s needs and
other market variables including prices applied by
competitors
Note: these benefits would not materialize unless there
exists an adequate infrastructure coupled with a sound
regulatory framework
54. Economic potential of e-
commerce
• http://www.creativewebsols.com/economic-potential.htm
• http://www.bizaims.com/articles/ecommerce/potential%20elec
• http://www.uneca.org/wa/documents/Reporte-commerce.pdf
– * for reference purpose
55. Forces behind e-commerce
Note: E-Commerce - The global marketplace called
Internet
Global customer
Global products
Global operations
Global resources
Global collaborations
56. Global Customers
• Global customers are those customers who buy goods
or services from any of the countries where they get
convenience and fast services
• To maintain the leadership in the market place, we must
provide customers what they want and when they want
with maximum flexibility
• So to make it perfect solution-oriented, we must listen,
explore and act quickly, organize in a way that enables
us to make decisions and act
57. Global Products
• product that has worldwide recognition
• a commercial product, such as Coca Cola, that is
marketed throughout the world under the same brand
name
• Global Products are standardized products with a
common brand name, with uniform features in all
countries
– Eg: Gillette, Benetton Sweaters
• Regional products & regional brands are unique to a
particular region
58. Global Operations
• the performance of business activities and operations
that introduce and promote the flow of a company's
goods and services to customers in more than one
nation for a profit
• an organization that provides its goods or services to
customers in all areas of the world
• Eg.: Swiss bank, that genuinely involve in global
operations with presence of more than 80 countries
59. Global Resources
• Resources that can be shared by all the users all over
the world wide web through internet
• Sourcing right product and ensuring required
quality drive the resources globally
• Resource providers should be specialize in providing
complete sourcing / quality / inspection solutions
60. Global Collaborations
• Global Collaboration: A new source of competitive
advantage
• Working together to achieve a common goal (profit)
• 3 C’s for global collaborations:
COSTCOST
CONTEXTCONTEXTCAPABILITYCAPABILITY
61. Incentives for engaging in e-commerce
•Transaction management
•Business efficiency
•New market development
62. Transaction Management
• In the transaction management, all transactions must be
accurately mapped at every level on every system
throughout the organization
• As online products and services are offered, an
increasing number of users turn to the Internet for their
day-to-day banking needs, additional investment is
necessary to ensure that complex applications remain
user-friendly in the process of transactions
• Maintaining reliability and functionality, proactively
managing transactions has become an absolute
requirement for competing in today's market place
• Providing a complete real-time record of all transaction
activity for minimizing costs
63. Business Efficiency
Business Efficiency requires
• Just-in-Time,
• Quick Response, and
• Concurrent Engineering
E-Commerce generates transaction information, so plan
and support changes designed to increase the
responsiveness, flexibility, efficiency and accountability
of business process
As in E-Commerce use of customer database increases,
new security, privacy and legal issues arises. For this
purpose business & government co-operation and
support is essential
64. New Market Development
• A standard business tool, moving beyond cost saving
and strategic objectives altogether
• An interactive tool widely used to develop world wide
customers
• Education and Training is an important area where E-
Commerce can build up the infrastructure of skills upon
which new generations of Electronic services markets
will develop
• Customers will gravitate to the medium that is easiest,
quickest and most convenient to use, and prefer to stay
with that medium until it is obvious to them that a
different medium is superior
65. E-commerce: Advantages
• Overcome geographical limitations
• Gain new customers with search engine visibility
• Lower costs
• Locate the product quicker
• Eliminate travel time and cost
• Provide comparison shopping
• Enable deals, bargains, coupons, and group buying
• Provide abundant information
• Create targeted communication
• Remain open all the time
• Create markets for niche products
66. E-commerce: Disadvantages
• E-commerce lacks that personal touch
• E-commerce delays goods
• Many goods cannot be purchased online
• E-commerce does not allow you to experience the
product before purchase
• Anyone can set up an e-commerce website
• Security
Conclusion: While we might be gung-ho about
ecommerce, we must acknowledge that there are
disadvantages too. Only when we accept our
shortcomings will we work towards overcoming them.
67. Architectural Framework
• Kalakota and Whinston offer a generic framework for e-
commerce
• This framework assumes that new technology will be
built on existing technology infrastructure
• It uses four key building blocks and two supporting
pillars
68. Architectural framework
E-commerce ApplicationsE-commerce Applications
Common business servicesCommon business services
Message and information distributionMessage and information distribution
Multimedia content & network publishingMultimedia content & network publishing
Network, the internet (infrastructure)Network, the internet (infrastructure)
70. Architectural Framework
Four key building blocks:
1. Common business services infrastructure
2. Message and information distribution
3. Multimedia content and network publishing
4. The Internet (infrastructure)
Two supporting pillars:
1. Public policy (“governance”)
2. Technical standards
71. Common Business Services
Infrastructure
The common business infrastructure for electronic
commerce
consists of four main elements:
• Security
• Authentication
• Encryption
• Electronic Payments
72. Messaging and Information Distribution
Infrastructure
• Second building block of supporting framework for e-
commerce
• Includes email, instant messaging, Voice over IP (VoIP),
point-to-point file transfers (FTP), and groupware
• E-mail is still largest use in this area.
– ISP (Internet Service Provider) connects the user to
the Internet.
73. Multimedia Content
Third building block of supporting framework for e-
commerce. Includes standards for various multimedia
file types. Examples of materials transported in this way
include:
• Video
• Audio
• Text/Electronic documents
• Graphics & Photos
• Real time/Non-real time applications
74. Internet Infrastructure
Fourth building block of supporting framework for e-
commerce. Includes data communications circuits over
which information travels. Includes:
• Packet-switched networking (telephony is circuit-
switched)
• Packets contain overhead information including
addressing
• They are also routed, like mail
• All of this flows across Internet backbones
• Newer Internet access technologies include wireless
access, cable access and DSL.
75. Public Policy
• Public policy is one of two supporting pillars for e-
commerce. Public policy issues include:
– universal access,
– privacy,
– information pricing,
– information access.
• Privacy issues include what information is private and/or
who should have the right to use/sell information about
Internet users:
– Requesting personal information on visiting a web
site
– Creating customer profiles
– Leaving electronic footprints when visiting a web site
76. Technical Standards
• Standardization is the second supporting pillar for e-
Commerce. Standards are critical for electronic
interaction
• Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) for secure
payments of online credit card transactions is one of the
most heavily promoted standards
• Other application standards include file transfer protocol
(FTP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), simple
network management protocol (SNMP), post office
protocol (POP), and multimedia internet mail extensions
(MIME)
77. Impact of E- Commerce
• Improving Direct Marketing
• Transforming Organizations
• Impact on Manufacturing
• Impact on finance and accounting:
78. Impact of E- Commerce
Improving Direct Marketing
• Product Promotion
• New Sales Channels
• Direct Savings
• Reduced Cycle Time
• Customer Service
• Brand or Corporate Image
79. Impact of E- Commerce
Transforming Organizations
• Technology and Organizational Learning
• Changing Nature of Work
• New Product Capabilities
• New Business Models
80. Impact of E- Commerce
Impact on Manufacturing
• Manufacturing systems are changing from mass
production to demand-driven
• Just –In-time Manufacturing
• Web-based systems
• Flexible systems
81. Impact of E- Commerce
Impact on finance and accounting:
• Payment systems
• Online debit/credit card payments
• E-cash or e-cheque
Impact on education:
• Training and education
• Distance learning
• Two way video
• Application sharing
82. Network Infrastructure of e-commerce
• Network infrastructure is required for e-commerce to
transport content.
• Information superhighway, I-way
• I-way is a high-capacity, interactive electronic pipeline
used to transfer content in case of e-commerce.
• I-way can transfer any type of context like, text,
graphics, audio, video.
• In other words, multimedia contents are easily
transported through I-way.
83. Issues for I-way
• How I-way will change the way they advertise, market or
sell their products and services
• How it will change their relationship with customers
• What sort of new arrangements will be possible with
suppliers and collaborators
• How it will affect information sharing between various
parts of the organization
• How it will impact individual productivity and efficiency
84. Components of I-way
Network Local on-ramps Global Information
Access Distribution
Equipments Networks
Consumer/
Business
premises
equipment
Consumer/
Business
premises
equipment
Cable TV-based
Infrastructure
Cable TV-based
Infrastructure
Commercial
online
Infrastructure
Commercial
online
Infrastructure
Wireless
Infrastructure
Wireless
Infrastructure
Telecom-based
Infrastructure
Telecom-based
Infrastructure
Backbone
communication
& satellite
networks
Backbone
communication
& satellite
networks
85. Components of I-way
• Consumer access equipment
• Local on-ramps
• Global information distribution networks
86. Consumer access equipment
• Consumer access equipment are devices used by
consumers to access the multimedia interactive contents
of e-commerce. In this segment, hardware and software
vendors are also included
• Provide
• physical devices like routers & switches
• Access devices like computers & set-top boxes
• Software platforms like browsers & operating systems
87. Local or access road, or on-
ramps
• Local or access road, or on-ramps: This segment of I-
way simplify linkages between businesses, universities,
and homes to the communications backbone.
• There are four different types of provider of access
ramps:
• telecom-based
• cable TV-based
• wireless-based
• computer-based online information services
These providers link users and e-commerce application
providers
88. Global information distribution
networks
• Global information distribution networks are the
infrastructure that are connecting countries and
continents
• Includes
• long distance telephone lines
• satellite networks
• the internet
89. Seven major issues about I-
way:
• cost
• subsidies
• allocation of scarce resources
• regulation
• universal access
• privacy
• social issues
90. Seven major issues about I-
way:
• Cost: Who will pay for constructing the I-way?
• Subsidies: Who are to be given subsidies?
• Allocation of scarce resources: Investment of the
allocation of different scarce resources would be wasted
or not
• Regulation: Who will fund for the highway and who will
write and enforce the rules to use the highway?
• Universal access: who can access and at what cost?
• Privacy: Is using online activities secure?
• Social and religious barriers:
• In cyberspace, everybody has right to write anything or
publish.
92. Asynchronous Transfer Mode,
ATM
• A transfer mode in which information is organized into
cells; it is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence
of cells containing information from an individual user is
not necessarily periodic
• A network technology based on transferring data
in cells or packets of a fixed size. The cell used with
ATM is relatively small compared to units used with
older technologies. The small, constant cell size allows
ATM equipment to transmit video, audio, and computer
data over the same network, and assure that no single
type of data hogs the line.
93. ATM: a view
• ATM creates a fixed channel, or route, between two
points whenever data transfer begins
• Low-level network layer—above physical layer, below
AAL (ATM adaptation layer)
• Single transport mechanism for different types of traffic
(voice, data, video, etc.)
• Streamlined protocol, minimal error and flow control
capabilities
• Fixed packet size = ATM cell
– Simplified processing, management
94. ATM: Advantages
• Universality
– Mixed traffic types, real-time and non-real-time
• Scalability
– LANs, MANs, WANs, WLANs
• Efficient use of network resources Bandwidth on
demand concept
• Simplified network infrastructure
95. ISDN
• Known as the Integrated Services Digital Network
– Data, audio, image and video transmission
• It is a switched digital telecommunication line that can be
delivered over regular copper wires
– Possible to provide end-to-end digital
communications
• ISDN supports data transfer rates of
64 Kbps (64,000 bits per second).
96. ISDN
• There are two types of ISDN:
1. Basic Rate Interface (BRI) -- consists of two 64-Kbps B-
channels and one D-channel for transmitting control
information.
2. Primary Rate Interface (PRI) -- consists of 23 B-
channels and one D-channel (U.S.) or 30 B-channels
and one D-channel (Europe).
• The original version of ISDN employs baseband
transmission. Another version, called B-ISDN,
uses broadband transmission and is able to support
transmission rates of 1.5 Mbps. B-ISDN requires fiber
optic cables and is not widely available.
97. Frame Relay
• Frame Relay is a standardized wide area
network technology that specifies the physical and
logical link layers of digital telecommunications channels
using a packet switching methodology
• A packet-switching protocol for connecting devices on
a Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Frame Relay networks in the U.S. support data transfer
rates at T-1 (1.544 Mbps) and T-3 (45 Mbps) speeds
• Most telephone companies now provide Frame Relay
service for customers who want connections at 56 Kbps
to T-1 speeds. (In Europe, Frame Relay speeds vary
from 64 Kbps to 2 Mbps.
98. Frame Relay
• Network providers commonly implement Frame Relay
for voice (VoFR) and data as
an encapsulation technique, used between local area
networks (LANs) over a wide area network (WAN)
99. I-way: a review
I-way is known by several terms which include:
• Electronic superhighway
• Interactive superhighway.
• Multimedia superhighway.