Unit 1 force (nepali language)

MANOJ GHIMIRE
Manoj Ghimire 9849874353
Remove Watermark Wondershare
PDFelement

PDFelement

;"o{ a|DXf08sf] s]Gb|df /x]sf] 5 / o;nfO{ u|xx? / pku|xx?n] kl/qmdf ub{5g eGg]
dfGotfnfO{ ;"o{ s]lGb|t l;WbfGt jf x]lnof] ;]lG6«s l;WbfGt elgG5 .
an M
j:t'sf] ca:yf kl/jt{g ug{ cfjZos jfxo zlStnfO{ an
eflgG5 .
ansf] P;=cfO{ PsfO{ Go'6g ( N ) xf] .
ansf] ;'q F = mg
k[YjL s]lGb|t l;WbfGt (Geocentric theory) M
k[YjL a|Dxf08sf] s]Gb|df /x]sf] 5 / o;nfO{ ;"o{, rGb|dfsf] ;fy}
c? u|xx?n] kl/qmdf ub{5g eGg] dfGotfnfO{ k[YjL s]lGb|t
l;WbfGt elgG5 .
;"o{ s]lGb|t l;WbfGt (Heliocentric theory)
PDFelement

b'O{ lk08x?lar pTkGg x'g] cfsif{0f annfO{ u'?Tj cfsif{0f an elgG5 .
u'?Tj cfsif{0f ansf pbfx/0fx? M
@= lt j:t'x?larsf] b'l/
u'?Tj cfsif{0f an M
b'O{ lk08x?lar pTkGg x'g] cfsif{0f annfO{ u'?Tj cfsif{0f
annfO{ b'O{ cf]6f s'/fn] c;/ u5{ M
!= j:t'x?sf] lk08
PDFelement

Go'6gsf] u'?Tj cfsif{0f ;DalGw lgod M
s'g} b'O{ j:t'x? lar pTkGg x'g] u'?Tj cfsif{0f an lt j:t'sf] lk08sf] u'0fgkmn;Fu ;dfg'kflts /
lt j:t'x?sf] s]Gb|x? larsf] b'l/sf] ju{;Fu Ao'Ts|dfg'kflts x'G5 .
aDXf08sf] h'g;'s} 7fpFdf / z'Id j:t' b]lv cToGt ljzfn tf/f, u|x tyf pku|xx?df ;d]t of] lgod ;To ePsf]n]
Go'6gsf] u'?Tj cfsif{0f ;DalGw lgodnfO{ ljZjAoflk lgod klg elgG5
Go'6gsf] u'?Tj cfsif{0f ;DalGw lgodnfO{ ljZjAoflk lgod klg elgG5 , lsg <
PDFelement

oxfF G u'?Tjcfsif{0f cr/ /fzL xf] .
o;sf] dfg x'G5 .
2
2
11
/
10
67
.
6 kg
Nm


2
2
1
m
G
d
m
F


2
2
1
m
G
d
m
F


dfgf} b'O{ j:t'x? A / B sf] lk08 qmdzM m1 / m2 5g / lt
b'O{ j:t'x?sf] s]Gb|larsf] b'/L d 5 .
Go'6gsf] u'?Tj cfsif{0f ;DalGw lgod cg';f/ ,
F  m1× m2 ……….. (i) (d l:y/ ePdf)
F  1/d² ……….. (ii) (m1 / m2 l:y/ ePdf)
;dLs/0f (i) / (ii) nfO{ ldnfpbf,
2
2
1
d
m
m
F


PDFelement

1 kg lk08 ePsf] b'O cf]6f j:t'nfO{ 1 m sf] b'/Ldf /fVbf pTkGg x'g] u'?Tj cfsif{0f annfO{ u'?Tj cfsif{0f l:y/ cªs elgG5 .
o;sf] dfg 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2/kg2 x'G5 .
u'?Tj cfsif{0f l:y/ cªs (G) :
PDFelement

k|dfl0ft u/ M
PDFelement

Revision
sf]klg{s;sf] l;WbfGt M
;"o{nfO{ u|xx? tyf pku|xn] kl/qmdf ub{5g .
u'?Tj cfsif{0f l:y/ cªs (G) nfO{ cr/ eGg'sf] sf/0f M
u'?Tj cfsif{0f l:y/ cªs (G) sf] dfg tfkqmd, rfk, cGo dfWod tyf lk08sf]
/f;folgs ;+/rgfdf lge{/ gx'g] ePsf]n] cr/ /fzL elgG5 .
u'?Tj cfsif{0f ansf] k|efj 7f]; j:t'df eGbf t/n j:t'df jl9 x'G5, lsg <
u'?Tj cfsif{0f ansf] k|efj 7f]; j:t'df eGbf t/n j:t'df jl9 x'G5 lsgls 7f];
j:t'df eGbf t/n j:t'df c0f'x? hf]8g] OG6/ dlnSo'n/ kmf];{ (inter molecular
force) sd x'G5 .
PDFelement

F / G sf] ;DjGw M
olb 1 kg lk08 ePsf] b'O{ cf]6f j:t'nfO{ 1m sf] s]lGb|o b'l/df /fVbf ltgLx?lar
pTkGg x'g] u'?Tj cfsif{0f an (F) sf] dfg u'?Tj cfsif{0f cr/(G) sf] dfg;Fu a/fa/ x'G5 .
cyjf F = G x'G5 .
pbfx/0f,
olb m1= kg , m2= kg / d=1m eP
or F = G
PDFelement

b'O{ j:t'x? k|To]ssf] lk08 bf]Aa/ ubf{ u'?Tj cfsif{0f an slt x'G5 <
b'O{ j:t'x? k|To]ssf] lk08 bf]Aa/ ubf{, / x'G5 .
b'O{ j:t'x? k|To]ssf] lk08 bf]Aa/ ubf{ u'?Tj cfsif{0f an 4 u'0ffn] a95 .
PDFelement

b'O{ j:t'x? k|To]ssf] lk08 l:y/ /flv b'/L bf]Aa/ ubf{ u'?Tj cfsif{0f an slt x'G5 <
b'l/nfO{ bf]Aa/ ubf{ , gofF b'/L 2d x'G5 .
b'O{ j:t'x? k|To]ssf] lk08 l:y/ /flv b'/L bf]Aa/ ubf{ u'?Tj
cfsif{0f an 4 u'0ffn] 365 .
PDFelement

Numerical Problems
!_ Pp6f j:t'sf] lk08 10 kg / csf]{ j:t'sf] lk08 20kg 5 . olb lt j:t'x? larsf] b'l/ 10m eP
u'?Tj cfsif{0f an slt x'G5 <
F = ?
d = 2m
Go'6gsf] u'?Tj cfsif{0fsf] lgod cg';f/ ,
PDFelement

@_ a[xZklt u|xsf] lk08 kg 5 . lt b'O{ u|x larsf] b'l/
m 5 eg] a[xZklt / k[YjLlar slt u'?Tjfsif{0f an pTkGg x'G5 <
kg / k[YjLsf] lk08
kg
F = ?
kg
d = m
Go'6gsf] u'?Tj cfsif{0fsf] lgod cg';f/ ,
PDFelement

u'?Tjan M
k[YjLn] j:t'nfO{ cfsif{0f ug]{ annfO{ u'?Tjan elgG5 .
u'?Tjan klg Go'6g PsfOdf g} gflkG5 .
s'g} j:t'sf] ljleGg u|x / pku|xdf slt u'?Tjan jf tf}n ;"q
F = G.M.m
R2
oxfF, F = u'?Tjan
G = u'?Tjfsif{0f cr/
M = u|x jf pku|xsf] lk08
R = u|x jf pku|xsf] cw{Jof;
m = j:t'sf] lk08
tf}n (Weight)
s'g} klg j:t'df nfu]sf] u'?Tj annfO{ g} j:t'sf] tf}n elgG5 .
tf}n (F) = W = G Mm
R2
oxf W = u'?Tj an jf tf}n,
M = u|xsf] lk08,
m = j:t'sf] lk08,
R = u|xsf] cw{Jof;,
G = u'?Tjfsif{0f cr/
PDFelement

k[YjLsf] lk08 6x1024 kg / cw{Jof; 6380 km 5 eg] 1 kg lk08 ePsf] j:t'df k[YjLsf] u'?Tj an
slt k5{ <
lbOPsf]
k[YjLsf] lk08 (M) = 6 x 1024 kg
k[YjLsf] cw{Jof; (R) = 6380 km = 6.38 x 106 m
j:t'sf] lk08 (m) = 1kg
j:t'df k[YjLsf] u'?Tj an (F) = ?
;"qcg';f/,
F = GMm
R2
= 6.67 x 10-11 x 6 x 1024 x 1
(6.38 x 106 m )
²
= 9.8 N
To;}n] To; j:t'df k[YjLsf] u'?Tj an 9.8 N x'G5 cyf{t k[YjLdf Tof] j:t'sf] tf}n 9.8 N x'G5 .
PDFelement

k[YjL h:t} rGb|dfsf] klg cfkmg} u'?Tj an x'G5 . cWoogcg';f/ rGb|dfsf] u'?Tj an k[YjLsf] t'ngfdf 1/6 u'0ff
sd x'G5 . To;}n] k[YjLsf] ;txdf 0.5m prfO;Dd pk|mg] JolStn] rGb|dfsf] ;txdf 3m prfO;Dd pk|mg
;S5 . To:t} k[YjLdf olb s'g} JolStn] 10kg jhg ePsf] j:t' prfNg ;S5 eg] pSt JolStn] rGb|dfsf]
;txdf 60 kg jhg ePsf] j:t' ;xh} prfNg ;S5 .
PDFelement

w|'jLo If]qdf s'g} j:t'sf] tf}n a9L x'G5 . t/ ToxL j:t'sf] tf}n lg/LIflt/ sd x'G5 , lsg <
k[YjL k"0f{ uf]nfsf/ 5}g . w|'jLo If]qlt/ s]xL y]lKrPsf] / aLr efudf s]xL km's]sf] x'G5 . cyf{t w|'jLo If]qdf
cw{Jof; 'R' ;fgf] e"dWo/]vLo If]qdf R 7"nf] x'G5 / k[YjLsf] cw{Jof;sf] ju{;Fu s'g} j:t'df kg]{ u'?Tjan -
j:t'sf] tf}n_ Jo'TStdfg'kflts x'G5 .
s'g} j:t'sf] tf}n kxf8sf] 6'Kkf / km]bLdf km/s k5{, lsg <
j:t'sf] tf}n (W) k[YjLsf] cw{Jof; (R) cg';f/ 36a9 x'G5 . kxf8sf] 6'Kkf]df k[YjLsf] cw{Jof; (R) a9L
x'g] x'Fbf j:t'sf] tf}n sd x'G5 . pxL j:t'sf] tf}n kxf8sf] km]bLdf a9L x'G5 . sf/0f ToxfF k[YjLsf] cw{Jof;
(R) sf] dfg sd x'G5 .
;d'b| ;txaf6 lj/f6gu/eGbf sf7df8f}+ a9L prfOdf kb{5 . Pp6} j:t'sf] tf}n oL b'O{
7fpFdWo] sxfF a9L x'G5 / lsg <
lj/f6gu/eGbf sf7df8f}+ a9L prfOdf kb{5 . sf7df8f}+df k[YjLsf] cw{Jof; a9L x'G5 .
To:tf] 7fpFdf j:t'sf] tf}n sd x'G5 . To;}n] s'g} klg j:t'sf] tf}n lj/f6gu/df eGbf
sf7df8f}+df sd x'G5 .
s] tf}nh:t} j:t'sf] lk08 klg 7fpFcg';f/ km/s x'G5 < sf/0f;lxt pQ/ n]Vg'xf]; .
7fpFcg';f/ Pp6} j:t'sf] tf}n klg km/s x'G5 . j:t'sf] tf}nnfO{ k[YjLsf] cw{Jof;n] c;/
ug]{ ePsf] x'Fbf o:tf] ePsf] xf] . j:t'sf] lk08 eg]sf] To;df ePsf] kbfy{sf] kl/df0f xf] .
o;nfO{ k/df0f'sf] ;ªVof / kf/df0fljs lk08n] dfq c;/ ub{5 . To;}n] j:t'sf] lk08
7fpFcg';f/ kl/jt{g x'Fb}g .
PDFelement

u'?Tjansf] c;/ M
! u'?Tjann] ubf{ k[YjL jl/kl/ xfjf c8]sf] xf] .
@ 7"nf 7"nf ejgx¿ c8]sf] xf] .
# u'?Tjann] ubf{ k[YjLdf v:g] k|To]s j:t'df k|j]u pTkGg x'G5 .
u'?Tj k|j]u M
k[YjLsf] ;txlt/ :jtGq ¿kn] -lagf cj/f]w_ vl;/x]sf] j:t'df u'?Tj ann] pTkGg x'g]
k|j]unfO{ u'?Tj k|j]u elgG5 . o;nfO{ g n] hgfOG5 / o;sf] PsfO ld6/÷;]s]G82 (m/s2)
x'G5 .
k[YjLsf] ;txdf u'?Tj k|j]usf] cf};t dfg 9.8 ld6/÷ju{ ;]s]08 x'G5 .
u'?Tj k|j]u lgsfNg] ;"q M
u'?Tj k|j]u(g) = G.M
R2
PDFelement

homewok
!_ rGb|dfsf] cw{Jof; 1.7x106 m / lk08 7.2 x 1022 kg 5g eg] 1 kg lk08 ePsf] j:t'df
rGb|dfsf] u'?Tj an slt k5{ <
@_ ;a}eGbf 7'nf] u|x a[x:klt k[YjLeGbf 319 u'0ff a9L / o;sf] cw{Jof; k[YjLsf] eGbf 11 u'0ff a9L
eP tfklg o;sf] u'?Tjan k[YjLsf] eGbf sl/a 2.5 u'0ff dfq a9L x'G5 ,lsg <
#_ lk08 / tf}n lar km/s n]v .
$_ u'?Tj cfsif{0f l:y/ cªs / u'?Tj k|j]u lar km/s n]v .
PDFelement

@_ ;a}eGbf 7'nf] u|x a[x:klt k[YjLeGbf 319 u'0ff a9L / o;sf] cw{Jof; k[YjLsf] eGbf 11 u'0ff a9L eP
tfklg o;sf] u'?Tjan k[YjLsf] eGbf sl/a 2.5 u'0ff dfq a9L x'G5 ,lsg <
j[x:klt u|xsf] lk08 k[YjLsf] eGbf sl/j 319 u'0ff a9L 5 t/ o;sf] u'?Tj k|j]u 25m/s2 cyf{t
k[YjLsf]eGbf sl/j 2.5 u'0ff dfq a9L x'g'sf] sf/0f j[x:klt u|xsf] cw{Jof; o;sf] lk08sf] bfFhf]df 7"nf] x'g' xf] .
lsg ls u'?Tj k|j]u cw{Jof;sf] ju{;Fu Jo'Tqmdfg'kflt x'G5 .
#_ lk08 / tf}n lar km/s
lk08 tf}n
(i) j:t'df ePsf] kbfy{sf] kl/df0f .
(ii) o;sf] kl/df0f 7fpFcg';f/
kl/jt{g x'Fb}g .
(iii) o;sf] PsfO lsnf]u|fd (Kg) xf] .
i) j:t'nfO{ k[YjLn] cfˆgf] s]Gb|lt/ tfGg]
an .
(ii) o;sf] kl/df0f 7fpFcg';f/ kl/jt{g
x'G5 .
(iii) o;sf] PsfO Go'6g (N) xf] .
PDFelement

KjfFv / l;Ssfsf] k|of]u M
KjfFv / l;Ssfsf] k|of]usf] lgisz{ M
u'?Tj k|j]u lk08df lge{/ x'b}g . cyjf ;a} j:t'df u'?Tj ann] ubf{ pTkGg x'g] u'?Tj
k|j]u ;dfg x'G5 .
PDFelement

k[YjLdf u'?Tj k|j]u (Acceleration due to gravity of earth)
e"dWo /]vLo If]qdf g = 9.78 m/s2
w'|jLo If]qdf g = 9.83 m/s2
cf};t ¿kdf g = 9.8 m/s2
k[YjLsf] w|'jLo If]q / e"dWo /]vLo If]qdf u'?Tj k|j]u lsg ;dfg x'Fb}g <
k[YjL k"0f{ uf]nfsf/ geO{ w|'jLo If]q cln y]lKrPsf] / e"dWo/]vLo If]q cln km's]sf] x'G5 .
e"dWo/]vLo If]qdf R sf] dfg a9L x'G5 . To;}n] ToxfF u'?Tj k|j]u sd x'G5 .
rGb|dfsf] ;txdf u'?Tj k|j]u
(Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon)
rGb|dfsf] lk08 k[YjLsf] eGbf ;fgf] 5 . rGb|dfdf u'?Tj k|j]u k[YjLsf] eGbf 1/6 u'0ff x'G5 .
rGb|dfdf g sf] dfg 1.67 m/s2 x'G5 .
PDFelement

:jtGq v;fO ( Free fall )
afXo cj/f]wljgf :jtGq eP/ j:t' v:g'nfO{ :jtGq v;fO elgG5 .
:jtGq v;fOsf] a]nf j:t'df pTkGg x'g] k|j]u To; 7fpFsf] u'?Tj k|j]u;Fu a/fa/ x'G5 .
z"Go 7fpFdf s'g} klg j:t'sf] :jtGq v;fO x'G5 . rGb|dfsf] ;txdf klg j:t'sf] :jtGq v;fO
x'G5 . k[YjLdf xfjf ePsf]n] ;a} j:t'sf] v;fO :jtGq x'g ;Sb}g . ux|'Fuf] j:t' sd prfOaf6
v;]sf] cj:yfdf :jtGq v;fO x'G5 . lsg ls ux|'Fuf] j:t'df xfjfsf] cj/f]w guGo dfq kb{5 .
kf/f;'6 lnP/ w]/} prfOaf6 xfdkmfn]sf] dflg; s;/L ;'/lIft;fy hldgdf cjt/0f x'G5 <
kf/f;'6n] w]/} If]qkmn 9fSg] x'Fbf of] v:g] j]nfdf xfjfsf] a9L cj/f]w kb{5 . pSt
cj/f]wsf] sf/0f kf/f;'6 v:bf k|j]u z"Go eO{ dGb ultdf v:b5 . To;}n] kf/f;'6 af]Sg]
dflg; ;'/lIft ;fy hldgdf cjt/0f x'G5 .
PDFelement

tf}n ljxLgtf (Weightlessness)
:jtGq v;fOdf /x]sf] s'g} j:t' cyjf u'?Tj k|j]u (g) sf] dfg zGo ePsf] cj:yfdf s'g} klg
j:t'sf] tf}n z"Go x'G5 . o;nfO{ g} tf}n ljxLgtf elgG5 .
home work
do exescise of Force from book
PDFelement

Unit 1 force (nepali language)

More Related Content

What's hot

More from Manoj Ghimire

Recently uploaded

Unit 1 force (nepali language)