Class 10 Science

1. phf{ ( Energy)
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PDFelement

2. phf{(Energy)
ljleGg k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt sfd ug]{ IfdtfnfO{ pmhf{ elgG5 .
pmhf{sf] ;|f]t M
vfgf ksfpg bfp/f jf sf]Onf jf dl§t]n jf vlgh UofF;sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . uf8Lx¿
rnfpg k]6«f]nsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . oL sfo{x¿ ug{ ljB'tsf] klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf sfo{
ug{ k|of]udf NofOg] ;|f]tx¿nfO{ pmhf{sf] ;|f]t elgG5 .
of] cgjLs/0fLo / gjLs/0fLo u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 .
cgjLs/0fLo zlStsf] ;|f]t (Non renewable source of energy)
k'gM lgdf{0f ug{ g;lsg] jf km]l/ pTkfbg x'g nfvf}“ jif{ nfUg] pmhf{sf] ;|f]tnfO{ cgjLs/0fLo
zlStsf] ;|f]t elgG5 .
hLjfjz]if pmhf{sf] ;|f]t sf]Onf, t]n, k|fs[lts Uof; cflb k5{g .
gjLs/0fLo zlStsf] ;|f]t (Renewable source of energy)
k'gM lgdf{0f x'g] jf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] pmhf{sf ;|f]tx¿nfO{ gjLs/0fLo zlStsf] ;|f]t elgG5 .
;f}o{ zlSt, afof]df; (biomass), xfjf -atf;_, hn ljbo't, lhyf]yd{n pmhf{ cflb
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PDFelement

3. gjLs/0fLo / cgjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;|f]tsf] km/s M
cgjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;|f]t gljs/l0fo phf{sf] ;|f]t
1 cgjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;|f]t k|of]u ubf{
l;l4G5 .
gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;|f]t k|of]u ubf{
l;l4b}g .
2 ogLx¿ jg:kltx¿sf] cjz]ifaf6 nfvf} jif{kl5
aG5g .
ogLx¿ k|s[ltdf lg/Gt/ k|fKt eO/x]sf x'G5g .
3 xfn k|of]udf cfO/x]sf w]/}h;f] uf8Lx¿
cgjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;|f]tdf cfwfl/t
5g .
yf]/} dfqfsf uf8Lx¿ h:t} – 6«nLa;,
s]a'nsf/ cflb gjLs/0fLo pmhf{df
cfwfl/t 5g .
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PDFelement

4. ;"o{ (Sun)
;"o{ k[YjLaf6 ;a}eGbf glhssf] tf/f xf] .
k[YjLn] tfk / k|sfz ;"o{af6 g} k|fKt ub{5 .
;"o{;DaGwL s]xL hfgsf/L –
lk08 = 1.99×1030kg
;txsf] tfkStd = 5,7000c
cw{Jof; =6.96×108m
s]Gb|sf] tfkStd =1,30,00,000c
;"o{n] k|lt ;]s]08 sl/j 27×1023kJ zlSt 5f]85 t/ k[YjLdf eg] pSt zlStsf] w]/}
sd c+zdfq cfOk'U5 . of] zlSt k[YjLdf sl/j 1.4 KW k|lt ju{ ld6/sf b/n] k|fKt
x'G5 . ;"o{df olt w]/} pmhf{ pTkGg x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f ydf]{Go'lSno/ ˆo'hg xf] . ;"o{sf]
;txdf k|z:t xfO8«f]hg UofF; 5 . pRr tfkStd / rfkdf xfO8«f]hg UofF; ;+of]hg
eP/ lxlnod aGb5 . o;/L lxlnod UofF; aGbf s]xL lk08 gi6 x'G5 / ToxL gi6 ePsf]
lk08 zlStdf kl/0ft x'G5 . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ ;"o{af6 lg/Gt/ tfk / k|sfzsf] ¿kdf
pmhf{ k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5 .
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5. ;"o{df Gol'Sno/ ˆo'hg x'gsf nflu cfjZos rf/ cfwf/x¿M
-s_ ;"o{df kof{Kt dfqfdf xfO8«f]hg UofF; x'g',
-v_ xfO8«f]hgsf k/df0f'x¿ ;+of]hg eO{ ag]sf] lxlnod UofF; klg w]/} dfqfdf /xg',
-u_ xfO8«f]hgsf :jtGq k|f]6f]gx¿ lgdf{0f x'g On]S6«f]g÷k|f]6f]g 5'l§g] cfjZos kg]{ tfkStd ;"o{df x'g',
-3_ :jtGq k|f]6f]gx¿ ;+of]hg x'g cfjZos cTolws rfk ;"o{df x'g',
-ª_ lxlnod k/df0f'x¿ k'gM ;+of]hg eO{ cGo k|sf/sf tTTjsf k/df0f'x¿ x'g] lj|mof klg ToxfF ;~rfng x'g' .
hLjfjz]if pmhf{sf] ;|f]t
sf]Onf, vlgh, t]n, k|fs[lts UofF; cflb jg:kltx¿sf] cjz]ifaf6 aGb5g . o:tf jg:kltsf]
cjz]ifaf6 ag]sf] pmhf{sf] ;|f]tnfO{ hLjfjz]if pmhf{sf] ;|f]t elgG5 .
sf]Onf / vlgh t]n jg:kltx¿sf] cjz]ifaf6 k|s[ltdf tof/ x'g] ePsfn] oL
b'j}nfO{ hLjfjz]if OGwg elgG5 .
sf]Onf / vlgj t]n aGg s/f]8f}F jif{nfUg] ePsfn] o;sf] k|of]u ub}{ hf“bf e08f/ l/lTtb} hfG5 . To;}n]
o;nfO{ cgjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf];|f]t elgG5 .
pRr :t/sf] sf]Onf PGy|f;fO6 (anthracite)
sf]Onf pbof]u, sf/vfgf / /]nx¿df OGwgsf ¿kdf a9L dfqfdf k|of]u ul/G5 .
k]6«f]n, l8h]n, dl6t]n cflb vlgh t]n x'g .
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6. hLjfjz]if pmhf{sf kmfObfx¿ hLjfjz]if pmhf{sf kmfObfx¿ M
= cGo k|sf/sf OGwgx¿sf] bf“hf]df ;:tf] / ;'ne 5 .
· vlgh t]nnfO{ ;lhn};Fu 9'jfgL ug{ ;lsG5 .
· of] ax' pkof]uL OGwg xf] . ljleGg uf8L / OlGhgx¿ ;~rfng
ug{ o;sf] k|of]u x'G5 .
· k|z:t tfk cfjZos kg]{ pbof]u, sf/vfgfx¿ /
ljbo't pTkfbgdf ;d]t k|of]u x'G5 .
hnljB't
kfgLsf] a]un] h]g]/]6/sf] 6jf{OgnfO{ 3'dfP/ To;af6 pTkfbg ul/g]
ljB'tnfO{ hnljB't elgG5 .
ljB'taf6 cTofw'lgs ljB'tLo pks/0fx¿ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5
hn ljbo'tsf] pTkfbg / k|of]u ;+;f/el/ Jofks aGb} uPsf] 5 . o;sf sf/0fx¿ lgDg lnlvt
5g M
· pTkfbg nfut a9L k/] tfklg bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf of] ;:tf] k5{ .
· o;af6 s'g} k|sf/sf] k|b"if0f (pollution) x'b}g .
· gjLs/0fLo zlStsf] ;|f]t ePsfn] of] slxNo} l/lTtb}g .
· of] k|;f/0f ug{ ;:tf] / ;lhnf] 5 . o;sf] k|of]u ug{ klg ;lhnf] 5 .
· sDKo'6/;lxt cTofw'lgs pks/0fx¿, cGo On]S6«f]lgs pks/0fx¿ / ;~rf/ ;fwgsf
nflu ljbo't dfq} k|d'v pmhf{ x'g .
· o;af6 k|sfz lbg] cTofw'lgs pks/0fx¿ ;~rflnt x'G5g .
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PDFelement

7. pmhf{sf j}slNks ;|f]tx¿ (Alternative source of energy)
pmhf{sf] ;|f]tsf] ljsNksf] ¿kdf k|of]udf NofOg] ;|f]tx¿nfO{ pmhf{sf] j}slNks ;|f]t elgG5 .
h}ljs pmhf{ (Bio-fuel)
jg:kltsf ljleGg efux¿ -afof]df;_ tyf hgfj/x¿sf] uf]a/ cflbaf6 k|fKt ul/g] pmhf{nfO{
h}ljs pmhf{ elgG5 .
h}ljs pmhf{sf kmfObfx¿ M
· uf]a/ k|of]u u/L uf]a/ Uof; lgsflnG5 . Uof; pTkfbg ul/;s]kl5 pSt uf]a/nfO{
h}ljs dnsf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/L s[lifdf pTkfbg a9fpg ;lsG5 . uf]a/ Uof;af6 vfgf
ksfpg'sf ;fy} aTtL klg afNg ;lsG5 .
· To;u/L uf]a/ Uof; afNbf sd w'jf cfpg] x'bf o;n] :jf:Yodf sd xflg k'¥ofp5 .
Go'lSno/ pmhf{ (Nuclear energy)
Go'lSno/ ˆo'hg / Go'lSno/ lkm;g k|ltlj|mofaf6 k|fKt x'g] pmhf{nfO{ Go'lSno/ pmhf{ elgG5 .
Go'lSno/ pmhf{ pTkfbg ug{ b'O{ km/s kbwltx¿ 5g .
!= Go'lSno/ ˆo'hg (nuclear fusion)
@= Go'lSno/ lkm;g (nuclear fission)
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8. Go'lSno/ ˆo'hg
cTolws rfk / tfksf] pkl:yltdf ;fgf] tTTj -h:t} xfO8«f]hg_ sf k/df0f'x¿ ;+of]hg eO{ 7'nf]
tTTj -h:t} lxlnod_ / pmhf{sf] lgdf{0f x'g] k|ltlj|mofnfO{ Go'lSno/ ˆo'hg k|ltlj|mof elgG5 .
Go'lSno/ ˆo'hg k|ltlj|mof ;"o{ / cGo tf/fdf lg/Gt/ ;~rfng eO/x]sf] x'G5 .
Go'lSno/ lkm;g
7'nf] k/df0f'sf] Go'lSno; ljR5]bg eO{ ;;fgf k/df0f'x¿sf aGg] lj|mofnfO{ Go'lSno/ lkm;g elgG5 .
ljsl;t /fi6«x¿df oL k|ljlwaf6 klg ljbo't pTkfbg ul/G5 .
Hjf/ef6f pmhf{ (Tidal energy)
;d'b|sf] lsgf/fdf p7g] Hjf/ef6faf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] pmhf{nfO{ Hjf/ef6f pmhf{ elgG5 .
jfo'pmhf{ (Wind energy)
lg/Gt/ alx/xg] xfjfaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] pmhf{nfO{ jfo' phf{ elgG5 .
lhof]yd{n pmhf{ (Geo-thermal energy)
k[YjLsf] leqL efudf /x]sf] tfkaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] pmhf{nfO{ lhof]yd{n zlSt elgG5 .
;f}o{pmhf{ (Solar energy)
;"o{af6 k|fKt x'g pmhf{nfO{ ;f}o{ pmhf{ elgG5 .
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9. pmhf{ ;ªs6 M
cgjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;|f]t vkt lg/Gt/ a9L/x]sf]n] of] pmhf{sf] ;|f]tsf] e08f/ l/lQg ;S5 .
To; cj:yfdf ljZjdf pmhf{ ;|f]tsf] cefjdf Pp6f ;d:of b]vfkg{ ;S5 . o:tf] k|sf/sf] ;d:ofnfO{
pmhf{ ;ªs6 elgG5 .
pmhf{;ªs6 lg/fs0f ug]{ s]xL pkfox¿
-!_ pmhf{sf] ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ldtJooL eP/ ljj]sk"0f{ 9ªun] ul/g'kb{5 .
-@_ pmhf{sf] j}slNks ;|f]tsf] ljsf; / k|of]u ug'{k5{ .
-#_ jt{dfg pmhf{sf] ;+/If0f ul/g'k5{ .
-$_ pmhf{sf] k|of]u;DaGwL hgr]tgf a9fpg' kb{5 .
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