The document discusses using underwater photography to raise awareness of coral reef conservation. It outlines the threats facing coral reefs from pollution, overfishing, and tourism activities. Underwater photography is highlighted as an effective way to convey the importance of conservation to tourists by showing them the beauty of coral ecosystems. The study will examine the persuasiveness of different underwater photography techniques in convincing tourists to support conservation efforts.
This document provides information about Daniel Devlin's work placement with Wildlife Sense, a sea turtle conservation organization in Greece. It describes Wildlife Sense's mission and operations, including managing 10 beaches. It outlines Daniel's tasks such as participating in daily beach patrols to locate turtle nests and track nesting activity. Beach patrols allow collecting data on nesting numbers, which provide estimates of local turtle populations. Daniel's placement also included learning about EU laws on sea turtle protection and the impacts of tourism and development on turtle habitats.
The document discusses remediation efforts for coral reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. It describes how coral bleaching due to environmental stressors like increased temperature and pollution has damaged coral reefs. The sanctuary aims to protect coral through programs like coral restoration, where scientists reattach broken coral pieces or clean debris, and an artificial reef program, where sunken ships and safe materials are placed on the ocean floor to encourage coral growth. The overall goal is to restore the health of coral reefs and preserve biodiversity in the sanctuary.
The document summarizes a report on the Mamanuca Coral Reef Conservation Project conducted in Fiji in 2001. The project aimed to assess the health of local reefs and improve environmental awareness. Surveys found widespread impacts like coral bleaching had degraded the reefs. A habitat map showed that reef habitats covered only 70 km^2 of the 1826 km^2 project area. Most sites were in poor condition with low coral cover. The project recommends expanding marine reserves to 20% of reefs to protect biodiversity and fisheries while reducing threats to reef health.
The degradation of Philippine marine life and coastal ecosystems like coral reefs and mangroves is outlined. The Philippines has extensive coastline and marine resources but coral reefs have over 70% damage from threats like blast fishing, while mangrove areas have declined sharply from 500,000 hectares to just 117,000 hectares due to activities like aquaculture and development. Specific areas of concern are discussed like the Tubbataha Reef, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that suffered damage when a US naval ship ran aground in the reef in 2013.
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral trianglebayuvita
The document discusses the degradation of coral reefs in the Coral Triangle region and the need for large-scale restoration efforts. It notes that 95% of coral reefs in the region are severely damaged and losing ecosystem functions. Conservation alone is not enough to preserve reefs and dependent species as habitat has been destroyed. Active restoration is needed on a large scale through training local communities and students in restoration techniques to revive fisheries and protect coastlines from hazards.
Assessment of coral reefs health in Nature Recreation Park (TWA=Taman Wisata ...Yayasan TERANGI
Sangiang Island had been established as a Nature Recreation Park (TWA) in Indonesia, that requires comprehensive data support for good management. The rise of marine tourism that increased in TWA Sangiang Island behoove to be a concern, especially in coral reef ecosystem. The study aimed to determined the condition of the coral cover and the biomass composition of coral reef fishes, then to identify parameters that affect coral health and the coral reefs health index in TWA Sangiang Island. The observation was carried out in area near to the estuary (Legon Waru), entry point for shipping (Tembuyung), and diving tourism (Legon Bajo). The highest of biomass of target fish was Legon Bajo (0.013 kg / ha) and the lowest was Tembuyung (0.002 kg / ha). Coral reefs health index values in each station varied from 1 (low) to 4 (high). Coral reefs health index in Legon Waru was strongly influenced by live coral cover, and also in Legon Bajo was influenced by live coral cover, rubble and biomass of target fishes, while in Tembuyung was much influenced by fleshy seaweed cover. The results indicated that the coral reef ecosystem on Sangiang Island wasn't in good condition as a whole.
Marine trash poses threats to Singapore's marine life and oceans globally. Plastic pollution has increased dramatically and plastic waste accumulates because it is non-biodegradable. This waste harms marine animals through entanglement, ingestion, and transporting toxic chemicals up the food chain. While some plastic enters oceans from ships and offshore platforms, most originates from land-based sources. Addressing this problem requires efforts from government, organizations, and individuals to reduce plastic use, properly dispose of waste, clean beaches, and advocate for more sustainable practices.
Geography M2 Human Impact in Coastal Areas eLearningJa
The document discusses coastal areas and how human activities can negatively impact them. It defines coastal areas as the transitional zone between land and sea, and notes that almost half the world's population lives in these areas. Tourism, coastal developments, and overfishing are described as activities that can degrade coastal environments through pollution, habitat destruction, and unsustainable fishing practices. The document aims to explain how these human uses of coastal resources can become problematic if not properly managed.
This document provides information about Daniel Devlin's work placement with Wildlife Sense, a sea turtle conservation organization in Greece. It describes Wildlife Sense's mission and operations, including managing 10 beaches. It outlines Daniel's tasks such as participating in daily beach patrols to locate turtle nests and track nesting activity. Beach patrols allow collecting data on nesting numbers, which provide estimates of local turtle populations. Daniel's placement also included learning about EU laws on sea turtle protection and the impacts of tourism and development on turtle habitats.
The document discusses remediation efforts for coral reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. It describes how coral bleaching due to environmental stressors like increased temperature and pollution has damaged coral reefs. The sanctuary aims to protect coral through programs like coral restoration, where scientists reattach broken coral pieces or clean debris, and an artificial reef program, where sunken ships and safe materials are placed on the ocean floor to encourage coral growth. The overall goal is to restore the health of coral reefs and preserve biodiversity in the sanctuary.
The document summarizes a report on the Mamanuca Coral Reef Conservation Project conducted in Fiji in 2001. The project aimed to assess the health of local reefs and improve environmental awareness. Surveys found widespread impacts like coral bleaching had degraded the reefs. A habitat map showed that reef habitats covered only 70 km^2 of the 1826 km^2 project area. Most sites were in poor condition with low coral cover. The project recommends expanding marine reserves to 20% of reefs to protect biodiversity and fisheries while reducing threats to reef health.
The degradation of Philippine marine life and coastal ecosystems like coral reefs and mangroves is outlined. The Philippines has extensive coastline and marine resources but coral reefs have over 70% damage from threats like blast fishing, while mangrove areas have declined sharply from 500,000 hectares to just 117,000 hectares due to activities like aquaculture and development. Specific areas of concern are discussed like the Tubbataha Reef, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that suffered damage when a US naval ship ran aground in the reef in 2013.
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral trianglebayuvita
The document discusses the degradation of coral reefs in the Coral Triangle region and the need for large-scale restoration efforts. It notes that 95% of coral reefs in the region are severely damaged and losing ecosystem functions. Conservation alone is not enough to preserve reefs and dependent species as habitat has been destroyed. Active restoration is needed on a large scale through training local communities and students in restoration techniques to revive fisheries and protect coastlines from hazards.
Assessment of coral reefs health in Nature Recreation Park (TWA=Taman Wisata ...Yayasan TERANGI
Sangiang Island had been established as a Nature Recreation Park (TWA) in Indonesia, that requires comprehensive data support for good management. The rise of marine tourism that increased in TWA Sangiang Island behoove to be a concern, especially in coral reef ecosystem. The study aimed to determined the condition of the coral cover and the biomass composition of coral reef fishes, then to identify parameters that affect coral health and the coral reefs health index in TWA Sangiang Island. The observation was carried out in area near to the estuary (Legon Waru), entry point for shipping (Tembuyung), and diving tourism (Legon Bajo). The highest of biomass of target fish was Legon Bajo (0.013 kg / ha) and the lowest was Tembuyung (0.002 kg / ha). Coral reefs health index values in each station varied from 1 (low) to 4 (high). Coral reefs health index in Legon Waru was strongly influenced by live coral cover, and also in Legon Bajo was influenced by live coral cover, rubble and biomass of target fishes, while in Tembuyung was much influenced by fleshy seaweed cover. The results indicated that the coral reef ecosystem on Sangiang Island wasn't in good condition as a whole.
Marine trash poses threats to Singapore's marine life and oceans globally. Plastic pollution has increased dramatically and plastic waste accumulates because it is non-biodegradable. This waste harms marine animals through entanglement, ingestion, and transporting toxic chemicals up the food chain. While some plastic enters oceans from ships and offshore platforms, most originates from land-based sources. Addressing this problem requires efforts from government, organizations, and individuals to reduce plastic use, properly dispose of waste, clean beaches, and advocate for more sustainable practices.
Geography M2 Human Impact in Coastal Areas eLearningJa
The document discusses coastal areas and how human activities can negatively impact them. It defines coastal areas as the transitional zone between land and sea, and notes that almost half the world's population lives in these areas. Tourism, coastal developments, and overfishing are described as activities that can degrade coastal environments through pollution, habitat destruction, and unsustainable fishing practices. The document aims to explain how these human uses of coastal resources can become problematic if not properly managed.
Marine Reserves in the Philippines: Challenges, Success and Perspectives (IWC...Iwl Pcu
E. D. Gomez and P. M. Aliño, The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines'
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia (during the pre-conference workshop marine ecosystems, Global Change and Marine Resources).
In April 1998, a small indigenous community began one of the earliest Community-managed Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in Fiji, beginning a decade of commitment to protecting reef life for future generations. The project was a founder member of the Fiji Locally Managed Marine Areas (FLMMA) network, and one of the few FLMMA projects to include an
income-generating community-managed tourism operation.
Annual biological monitoring since the project’s inception, undertaken by a team of scientists and community members,
utilised in-water survey methods, including Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) for key invertebrate species, Manta Tows for
broad-scale habitat and invertebrate assessment, Point Intercept Transects for coral cover, and Fish Underwater Visual Census (UVC). These surveys demonstrated increased fish populations within the MPA after 3 years, and increased invertebrate populations after 5 years. Fish and invertebrates important to local subsistence and commerce are harvested in the spill-over area near the MPA. Some poaching occurs inside the MPA, so far not significantly impacting overall populations, suggesting the ecosystem is now adequately robust to withstand some harvesting.
Coral growth was retarded by a bleaching event in 2000, but herbivory has reduced macroalgal cover within the MPA,
creating better coral-growth substrate, accelerating coral settlement and recovery in comparison with heavily fished areas where macroalgae covers most available substrate, preventing new coral settlement. A small coral restoration project is thriving inside the MPA.
Socio-economic surveys have shown the MPA to have economic and social importance to the local inhabitants, and the value of the MPA as a reserve for conservation and future fish stocks has been reinforced by the income-generating potential of eco-tourism activities.
Keywords: Community Managed Marine Areas, Ecotourism, Sustainable development, Long-term biological monitoring, Coral bleaching, Habitat phase shift.
“Coral reefs represent some of the world's most spectacular beauty spots, but they are also the foundation of marine life: without them many of the seas most exquisite species will not survive”
~ Sheherazade Goldsmith
“Coral is a very beautiful and unusual animal. Each coral head consists of thousand individual polyps. These polyps are continually budding and branching into genetically identical neighbors”
~ Antony Garrett Lisi
“The ocean stirs the heart, inspires the imagination and brings etrnal joy to the soul”
~ Wyland
This document discusses problems associated with coastal ecosystems. It outlines several key issues, including eutrophication from excess nutrient pollution which can cause algal blooms and hypoxia; habitat modification from natural forces or human activities that damage ecosystems; hydrologic and hydrodynamic disruption from changes to water flows and circulation; overexploitation of coastal resources from overfishing; toxic pollution from chemicals that disrupt endocrine and reproductive systems; and issues related to climate change like rising sea levels. Many of these problems are linked to activities that occur inland and impact coastal waters.
Environmental degradation & conservation approach towards threatened biodiver...sornali
This presentation is mainly based on the key factors causing environmental degradation in saint martin's island Bangladesh as well as focuses on the challenges towards conservative approaches.
i have done several literature review to fullfil this task
Presentation made at the Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States conference, 23-24 November 2017, Seychelles. A partnership of the Seychelles Sustainable Tourism Foundation, IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group, University of Seychelles, Paris Tourism Sorbonne (IREST), and Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
Surfers Against Sewage (SAS) is an environmental charity established in 1990 by surfers in the UK to improve water quality. They campaign on issues like marine litter, sewage pollution, climate change, and coastal development through community action, volunteering, and research. SAS is funded through donations and works to protect beaches, oceans, and surfing in the UK. Some of their successful campaigns have reduced marine litter like plastic pellets on beaches. They continue to campaign for issues like reducing UK beach litter by 50% by 2020 and better legal protection of surf breaks from threats like pollution and development.
The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystemsAna Arache
This document discusses the value of ecosystem services provided by estuarine and coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs, seagrasses, salt marshes, mangroves, and sand beaches/dunes. It identifies key services such as coastal protection, fisheries production, carbon sequestration, and tourism/recreation. The document also outlines threats and stressors facing these ecosystems, such as overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and climate change. The overall purpose is to illustrate current understanding of the ecosystem services of estuarine and coastal areas and to integrate knowledge on valuing changes to human welfare from impacts on these services.
The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystemsAna Arache
The document summarizes the key ecosystem services provided by five critical estuarine and coastal ecosystems: coral reefs, seagrass beds, salt marshes, mangroves, and sand beaches and dunes. It discusses the economic valuation of these services and outlines some of the major stressors threatening each ecosystem. The conclusion calls for more interdisciplinary studies, viewing degradation of these ecosystems as costly rather than costless, encouraging ecological restoration, and considering setting an infinite monetary value to focus on sustainable management rather than valuation.
Pre trip task ye liu geopark – rules and regulationsmgtaiwanrocs2013
The document outlines 7 rules and regulations for visitors to Ye Liu Geopark, including not going beyond red lines, not touching or climbing the landscapes, no fishing or seafood gathering without permission, no swimming, walking only on trails, keeping quiet, and keeping the park clean. It also discusses 4 methods used to conserve the park's geological heritage, such as controlling daily visitor numbers, providing educational commentary, environmental education, and limiting human engineering to avoid visual damage.
The document discusses the marine environment, which covers over 70% of the planet and contains 97% of the earth's water. It notes that marine ecosystems hold 80% of all life on the planet and lists species diversity in the Philippines, including over 800 coral species. The marine environment is important for producing oxygen, moderating climate, and providing food and livelihoods. However, it faces threats such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change, negatively impacting species like turtles, sharks, and seahorses. The document encourages learning about and protecting the ocean.
IRREVERSIBLE? Climate Change, Fisherfolks, and the Coastal Communitymeih
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal communities and fisheries in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines has extensive coastlines and coastal populations that are highly dependent on marine fisheries for food and livelihood. Climate change is expected to negatively impact coral reefs, fisheries, and coastal resources through rising sea levels, increased temperatures, and more extreme weather. This will threaten food security and biodiversity in the Philippines. The document also discusses observed shifts in species ranges and abundances due to ocean warming globally.
The Great Barrier Reef is one of the natural wonders of the world located off the coast of Australia, but it is now endangered. It is home to thousands of species but has already lost over half its coral. Climate change from pollution and global warming has caused severe bleaching and damage through rising temperatures and acidification. While Australia and others have proposed plans to help, more commitment is urgently needed to cut emissions and waste to protect the Reef, as it plays a vital role in the environment and economy.
The document discusses the Buccoo Reef located off the coast of Tobago in the Caribbean. It is approximately 7 square kilometers and home to various coral species like star coral and boulder coral. The reef supports a diversity of marine life including fish like triggerfish and angelfish, as well as sharks. Coral reefs are important because they provide habitat for many species and are a tourist attraction that benefits the local economy. The Buccoo Reef is a protected marine park that requires conservation to preserve it for future generations given how long it takes for reefs to form.
This document discusses coral reef restoration techniques. It notes that coral reefs are being damaged by climate change, human activities, and natural events. Current restoration solutions discussed include transplanting coral fragments, removing debris and reattaching coral after physical damage events, and 3D printing artificial reef structures. The document concludes that 3D printing shows promise as a low-cost solution but will require further research, and public education efforts are also important to support coral reef conservation.
The document discusses coastal resource management and sustainability. It defines coastal resources as the intersection of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including beaches, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and coastal communities. These resources are important for marine sanctuaries, reef monitoring, mangrove reforestation, seaweed farming, and aquaculture. The document recommends both soft engineering approaches like mangrove planting, dune stabilization, coral growth, and beach nourishment as well as hard engineering through seawalls, breakwaters, groynes, and gabions to conserve these coastal areas for future generations.
Factors Contributing to the Decline of the Anchovy Fisheries in Krueng Raya B...Zulhamsyah Imran
This document summarizes a study on factors contributing to the decline of anchovy fisheries in Krueng Raya Bay, Indonesia. The study found that anchovy production peaked at 2,072 tons in 1999 but declined sharply to 171 tons after the 2004 tsunami. While production fluctuated between 126-279 tons from 2006-2012, it remained well below pre-tsunami and predicted maximum sustainable yield levels. The decline is attributed to increasing fishing effort through more lift net boats, destructive fishing gears, and degradation of coral reefs and mangroves from pollution and other human impacts. The tsunami exacerbated the decline but other anthropogenic factors likely had a greater long-term impact on depleting the anchovy stocks.
The adverse impact of tourism on coral reefs an analysis based on hikkaduwa m...ImeshRamanayake
Tourism has both positive and negative impacts on the coral reefs in Hikkaduwa Marine National Park in Sri Lanka. While tourism generates income, activities like snorkeling, diving, and boating can damage corals through contact or pollution. The study recommends strengthening laws against collecting corals and enforcing responsible practices. It also suggests regulating boat numbers and fuel, and improving waste management from resorts to protect the fragile reefs while supporting sustainable tourism.
The document summarizes activities related to the Pacific Year of Biodiversity in 2010-2011, which was established to raise awareness of biodiversity conservation issues across Pacific island countries and territories. Key events included the launch of a regional biodiversity campaign with partnerships between different organizations, highlighting links between biodiversity, climate change, and food/nutrition. Activities culminated at the CBD COP10 conference in Japan, where Pacific island priorities around invasive species, climate change, coastal/marine biodiversity, and financing received attention. The document showcases some successes of the Pacific Year of Biodiversity in increasing appreciation of island biodiversity as integral to local lives and cultures.
Sample - Global Air Conditioner (AC) Market — Estimation & Forecast Through 2...Prasoon Shrivastava
This document provides an overview and market analysis of the global air conditioner market from 2015 to 2020. It focuses on types of air conditioners including geothermal and renewable, applications, and regions. The global AC market is expected to grow significantly due to factors like increasing global warming, population growth, urbanization, and new government regulations requiring more energy efficient and environmentally-friendly AC systems. The residential and commercial sectors will be major drivers of demand. Asia Pacific currently has the largest AC market share but the Americas is expected to see the fastest growth.
Marine Reserves in the Philippines: Challenges, Success and Perspectives (IWC...Iwl Pcu
E. D. Gomez and P. M. Aliño, The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines'
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia (during the pre-conference workshop marine ecosystems, Global Change and Marine Resources).
In April 1998, a small indigenous community began one of the earliest Community-managed Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in Fiji, beginning a decade of commitment to protecting reef life for future generations. The project was a founder member of the Fiji Locally Managed Marine Areas (FLMMA) network, and one of the few FLMMA projects to include an
income-generating community-managed tourism operation.
Annual biological monitoring since the project’s inception, undertaken by a team of scientists and community members,
utilised in-water survey methods, including Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) for key invertebrate species, Manta Tows for
broad-scale habitat and invertebrate assessment, Point Intercept Transects for coral cover, and Fish Underwater Visual Census (UVC). These surveys demonstrated increased fish populations within the MPA after 3 years, and increased invertebrate populations after 5 years. Fish and invertebrates important to local subsistence and commerce are harvested in the spill-over area near the MPA. Some poaching occurs inside the MPA, so far not significantly impacting overall populations, suggesting the ecosystem is now adequately robust to withstand some harvesting.
Coral growth was retarded by a bleaching event in 2000, but herbivory has reduced macroalgal cover within the MPA,
creating better coral-growth substrate, accelerating coral settlement and recovery in comparison with heavily fished areas where macroalgae covers most available substrate, preventing new coral settlement. A small coral restoration project is thriving inside the MPA.
Socio-economic surveys have shown the MPA to have economic and social importance to the local inhabitants, and the value of the MPA as a reserve for conservation and future fish stocks has been reinforced by the income-generating potential of eco-tourism activities.
Keywords: Community Managed Marine Areas, Ecotourism, Sustainable development, Long-term biological monitoring, Coral bleaching, Habitat phase shift.
“Coral reefs represent some of the world's most spectacular beauty spots, but they are also the foundation of marine life: without them many of the seas most exquisite species will not survive”
~ Sheherazade Goldsmith
“Coral is a very beautiful and unusual animal. Each coral head consists of thousand individual polyps. These polyps are continually budding and branching into genetically identical neighbors”
~ Antony Garrett Lisi
“The ocean stirs the heart, inspires the imagination and brings etrnal joy to the soul”
~ Wyland
This document discusses problems associated with coastal ecosystems. It outlines several key issues, including eutrophication from excess nutrient pollution which can cause algal blooms and hypoxia; habitat modification from natural forces or human activities that damage ecosystems; hydrologic and hydrodynamic disruption from changes to water flows and circulation; overexploitation of coastal resources from overfishing; toxic pollution from chemicals that disrupt endocrine and reproductive systems; and issues related to climate change like rising sea levels. Many of these problems are linked to activities that occur inland and impact coastal waters.
Environmental degradation & conservation approach towards threatened biodiver...sornali
This presentation is mainly based on the key factors causing environmental degradation in saint martin's island Bangladesh as well as focuses on the challenges towards conservative approaches.
i have done several literature review to fullfil this task
Presentation made at the Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States conference, 23-24 November 2017, Seychelles. A partnership of the Seychelles Sustainable Tourism Foundation, IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group, University of Seychelles, Paris Tourism Sorbonne (IREST), and Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
Surfers Against Sewage (SAS) is an environmental charity established in 1990 by surfers in the UK to improve water quality. They campaign on issues like marine litter, sewage pollution, climate change, and coastal development through community action, volunteering, and research. SAS is funded through donations and works to protect beaches, oceans, and surfing in the UK. Some of their successful campaigns have reduced marine litter like plastic pellets on beaches. They continue to campaign for issues like reducing UK beach litter by 50% by 2020 and better legal protection of surf breaks from threats like pollution and development.
The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystemsAna Arache
This document discusses the value of ecosystem services provided by estuarine and coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs, seagrasses, salt marshes, mangroves, and sand beaches/dunes. It identifies key services such as coastal protection, fisheries production, carbon sequestration, and tourism/recreation. The document also outlines threats and stressors facing these ecosystems, such as overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and climate change. The overall purpose is to illustrate current understanding of the ecosystem services of estuarine and coastal areas and to integrate knowledge on valuing changes to human welfare from impacts on these services.
The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystemsAna Arache
The document summarizes the key ecosystem services provided by five critical estuarine and coastal ecosystems: coral reefs, seagrass beds, salt marshes, mangroves, and sand beaches and dunes. It discusses the economic valuation of these services and outlines some of the major stressors threatening each ecosystem. The conclusion calls for more interdisciplinary studies, viewing degradation of these ecosystems as costly rather than costless, encouraging ecological restoration, and considering setting an infinite monetary value to focus on sustainable management rather than valuation.
Pre trip task ye liu geopark – rules and regulationsmgtaiwanrocs2013
The document outlines 7 rules and regulations for visitors to Ye Liu Geopark, including not going beyond red lines, not touching or climbing the landscapes, no fishing or seafood gathering without permission, no swimming, walking only on trails, keeping quiet, and keeping the park clean. It also discusses 4 methods used to conserve the park's geological heritage, such as controlling daily visitor numbers, providing educational commentary, environmental education, and limiting human engineering to avoid visual damage.
The document discusses the marine environment, which covers over 70% of the planet and contains 97% of the earth's water. It notes that marine ecosystems hold 80% of all life on the planet and lists species diversity in the Philippines, including over 800 coral species. The marine environment is important for producing oxygen, moderating climate, and providing food and livelihoods. However, it faces threats such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change, negatively impacting species like turtles, sharks, and seahorses. The document encourages learning about and protecting the ocean.
IRREVERSIBLE? Climate Change, Fisherfolks, and the Coastal Communitymeih
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal communities and fisheries in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines has extensive coastlines and coastal populations that are highly dependent on marine fisheries for food and livelihood. Climate change is expected to negatively impact coral reefs, fisheries, and coastal resources through rising sea levels, increased temperatures, and more extreme weather. This will threaten food security and biodiversity in the Philippines. The document also discusses observed shifts in species ranges and abundances due to ocean warming globally.
The Great Barrier Reef is one of the natural wonders of the world located off the coast of Australia, but it is now endangered. It is home to thousands of species but has already lost over half its coral. Climate change from pollution and global warming has caused severe bleaching and damage through rising temperatures and acidification. While Australia and others have proposed plans to help, more commitment is urgently needed to cut emissions and waste to protect the Reef, as it plays a vital role in the environment and economy.
The document discusses the Buccoo Reef located off the coast of Tobago in the Caribbean. It is approximately 7 square kilometers and home to various coral species like star coral and boulder coral. The reef supports a diversity of marine life including fish like triggerfish and angelfish, as well as sharks. Coral reefs are important because they provide habitat for many species and are a tourist attraction that benefits the local economy. The Buccoo Reef is a protected marine park that requires conservation to preserve it for future generations given how long it takes for reefs to form.
This document discusses coral reef restoration techniques. It notes that coral reefs are being damaged by climate change, human activities, and natural events. Current restoration solutions discussed include transplanting coral fragments, removing debris and reattaching coral after physical damage events, and 3D printing artificial reef structures. The document concludes that 3D printing shows promise as a low-cost solution but will require further research, and public education efforts are also important to support coral reef conservation.
The document discusses coastal resource management and sustainability. It defines coastal resources as the intersection of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including beaches, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and coastal communities. These resources are important for marine sanctuaries, reef monitoring, mangrove reforestation, seaweed farming, and aquaculture. The document recommends both soft engineering approaches like mangrove planting, dune stabilization, coral growth, and beach nourishment as well as hard engineering through seawalls, breakwaters, groynes, and gabions to conserve these coastal areas for future generations.
Factors Contributing to the Decline of the Anchovy Fisheries in Krueng Raya B...Zulhamsyah Imran
This document summarizes a study on factors contributing to the decline of anchovy fisheries in Krueng Raya Bay, Indonesia. The study found that anchovy production peaked at 2,072 tons in 1999 but declined sharply to 171 tons after the 2004 tsunami. While production fluctuated between 126-279 tons from 2006-2012, it remained well below pre-tsunami and predicted maximum sustainable yield levels. The decline is attributed to increasing fishing effort through more lift net boats, destructive fishing gears, and degradation of coral reefs and mangroves from pollution and other human impacts. The tsunami exacerbated the decline but other anthropogenic factors likely had a greater long-term impact on depleting the anchovy stocks.
The adverse impact of tourism on coral reefs an analysis based on hikkaduwa m...ImeshRamanayake
Tourism has both positive and negative impacts on the coral reefs in Hikkaduwa Marine National Park in Sri Lanka. While tourism generates income, activities like snorkeling, diving, and boating can damage corals through contact or pollution. The study recommends strengthening laws against collecting corals and enforcing responsible practices. It also suggests regulating boat numbers and fuel, and improving waste management from resorts to protect the fragile reefs while supporting sustainable tourism.
The document summarizes activities related to the Pacific Year of Biodiversity in 2010-2011, which was established to raise awareness of biodiversity conservation issues across Pacific island countries and territories. Key events included the launch of a regional biodiversity campaign with partnerships between different organizations, highlighting links between biodiversity, climate change, and food/nutrition. Activities culminated at the CBD COP10 conference in Japan, where Pacific island priorities around invasive species, climate change, coastal/marine biodiversity, and financing received attention. The document showcases some successes of the Pacific Year of Biodiversity in increasing appreciation of island biodiversity as integral to local lives and cultures.
Sample - Global Air Conditioner (AC) Market — Estimation & Forecast Through 2...Prasoon Shrivastava
This document provides an overview and market analysis of the global air conditioner market from 2015 to 2020. It focuses on types of air conditioners including geothermal and renewable, applications, and regions. The global AC market is expected to grow significantly due to factors like increasing global warming, population growth, urbanization, and new government regulations requiring more energy efficient and environmentally-friendly AC systems. The residential and commercial sectors will be major drivers of demand. Asia Pacific currently has the largest AC market share but the Americas is expected to see the fastest growth.
Local SEO Services | Los Angeles SEO Company | OutReachLocalschmidthansen
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document discusses finding the sweet spot of teaching online courses by meeting the needs of all students. It recommends meeting student needs by providing motivation, creating objectives for growth, incorporating real-world principles, encouraging peer collaboration, giving opportunities for kinesthetic learning, and providing reflection opportunities. The document also stresses considering learning styles, abilities, basic skills, and relating information to real-world situations.
This document discusses genotypes related to sickle cell, including the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. It also mentions DNA, the genetic code, stop codons, and semen production within the seminferous tubules.
The document provides information about AnnTech Offshore Engineering Pvt Ltd, an instrumentation company established in 2004. It offers services to oil, gas, and power industries, including detailed engineering, installation, commissioning, and maintenance. The company has grown steadily and employs highly qualified engineers. It has an annual turnover of Rs. 9.4 crores and provides services domestically in India. The management team and their experience is also summarized.
This document discusses different types of valorization strategies used in car advertising: practical valorization focuses on utilitarian values like handling and comfort; utopian valorization emphasizes existential values such as soul, life, and identity; ludic/aesthetic valorization promotes non-utilitarian values like fun and amusement; and critical valorization highlights non-existential values including fuel efficiency and cost. Examples are provided for different car brands exemplifying each type of valorization approach.
Super S is the main character who is immortal and wears purple and black. He is bald with blue eyes and stands 6 foot 2 inches tall with a well-trimmed beard. Super S is a kind and wealthy man who helps those in need, living with his tall, beautiful girlfriend Samantha, known as Super Girl, and his short, weak brother Frederick.
This document discusses tax aware investment management. It is an essential guide on this topic. The guide is divided into multiple pages that likely cover topics such as different types of investments, how to reduce taxes through investment choices, and strategies for tax efficient portfolio management. However, the full text is not available so the specific content cannot be determined.
Tugas PowerPoint ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Multimedia. Tugas ini membahas konsep luas permukaan kubus dan balok beserta rumus dan contoh soalnya. Di akhir tugas, siswa diminta menentukan benda mana yang membutuhkan kertas paling banyak untuk menutupi permukaannya berdasarkan data yang diberikan.
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2) Desired leadership characteristics include honesty, being forward-looking, inspiring competence.
3) Credibility is the foundation of leadership and influences whether people believe and follow a leader. Trustworthiness, expertise, and dynamism contribute to credibility.
4) High credibility managers have employees who are proud of the organization, feel committed, and have a sense of ownership. Low credibility leads to less motivated employees who may look elsewhere.
The document provides information about AnnTech Offshore Engineering Pvt Ltd, an Indian instrumentation company established in 2004. It offers services for oil, gas, power and other major industries, including detailed engineering, installation, commissioning and maintenance. The company has grown steadily and employs highly qualified engineers and supervisors to efficiently complete projects. It has an annual turnover of approximately $2.1 million USD and has completed numerous projects for clients in industries such as oil and gas.
This document provides resources for teaching new media literacy skills to prevent cyberbullying. It includes a graphic organizer with ideas for a classroom activity where students write ways to prevent cyberbullying on post-it notes. It also describes a scenario where a teacher, Mrs. Carter, discusses internet safety with her students but makes some mistakes in her approach. The document concludes with discussion questions about Mrs. Carter's lesson and recommendations for how she could improve, as well as articles and websites on cyberbullying, literacy, and online safety.
This document introduces three characters: Oliver is a 13-year-old boy who lives with his mum and likes to draw animals and dragons in his spare time. Billy is a 36-year-old man who lives in a mansion in New Zealand and enjoys gardening potatoes and carrots. Flame is an orange monster who lives in a cave, can breathe purple fireballs, and likes to play with his friend Bobby the monster.
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This document discusses foreign trade techniques and focuses on targeting markets. It mentions market targeting as the main topic but does not provide any additional details about techniques, strategies, or recommendations for targeting foreign markets in 3 sentences or less.
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral trianglebayuvita
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The document analyzes the socio-economic impact of whale shark watching tourism in Tan-awan, Oslob, Cebu, Philippines. It finds that the industry has brought significant economic benefits to the local economy through job opportunities and income from lodging, dining, transportation, and retail businesses that support tourism. A survey of locals found that most have attained higher educational levels than expected and have been able to find stable employment or own businesses related to whale shark watching. However, the growth of tourism also puts pressure on conservation of the whale sharks that draw visitors.
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems made up of calcium carbonate structures secreted by coral polyps. They support enormous biodiversity and provide goods and services valued at $30 billion annually, including fisheries that support one billion people and tourism that generates billions for economies like those of Florida and Australia. However, coral reefs are severely threatened by bleaching due to rising water temperatures, pollution, sedimentation, poison fishing, and careless tourism. Conservation efforts include supporting marine protected areas, reducing plastic use, and inspiring others to protect coral reefs for future generations.
Coral reefs are biodiverse ecosystems found in warm, shallow, tropical waters. They are formed from coral polyps that provide shelter for many fish and invertebrate species. Coral reefs face threats from human activities such as pollution, overfishing, tourism, and climate change. Sustainable management approaches aim to protect coral reefs and involve community participation, protected areas, education, and international cooperation.
“The ocean stirs the heart, inspires the imagination and brings eternal joy to the soul”
~ Wyland
“The voice of the sea speaks to the soul. The touch of the sea is sensuous, enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace”
~ Kate Chopin
“The oceans deserve our respect and care, but you have to know something before you can care about it”
~ Sylvia Earle
“The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it” ~ William James
A coral reef is a diverse ecosystem made up of living organisms like plants, fish, and other creatures. It is home to about 25% of all marine life. Coral polyps allow algae called zooxanthellae to live inside their tissues. The algae perform photosynthesis to provide nutrients to the coral polyps through carbohydrates. This symbiotic relationship allows coral reefs to flourish in nutrient-poor tropical waters.
Powerpoint presentation by jennifer ayoubJennifer_2014
The document discusses overfishing as a threat to the Great Barrier Reef. While pollution, climate change and coral bleaching impact the reef, overfishing is a relatively new issue but a growing problem. The fishing industry generates over $1 billion annually for Australia but overfishing is unsustainable and can damage ocean ecosystems and coastal communities that rely on seafood. The document calls for individuals to be informed about overfishing and support sustainable practices to protect the Great Barrier Reef and oceans for future generations.
1. Reef shark populations in Palau's shark sanctuary showed large differences, with densities over 10 times higher in the Main Island Group compared to the remote Southwest Islands.
2. Shark densities were strongly negatively correlated with the density of derelict fishing gear on reefs, suggesting fishing impacts shark populations.
3. Sharks in the remote Southwest Islands were significantly smaller on average, further indicating fishing effects on these populations. Surveillance and enforcement are needed to effectively protect sharks within the sanctuary.
The document provides an overview of the threats facing biodiversity in the Great Barrier Reef due to factors like climate change, pollution, overfishing, and natural disasters. It discusses the endangered species in the reef and the causes of their endangerment. Solutions discussed include the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority's management plans, Outlook Report, Biodiversity Strategy, and Reef Water Protection Plan, which aim to protect species and their habitats in the reef.
The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, located off the coast of Australia. It is home to thousands of plant and animal species but is endangered due to threats like climate change, pollution, overfishing, and natural disasters. Conservation efforts include the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, which manages the reef, and plans like the Reef Water Protection Plan and Biodiversity Strategy that aim to protect water quality and preserve species diversity in the reef.
Dear friends and colleagues,
With pride, I welcome you to Matters Academy’s booklet, "Why The Ocean Matters".
Hong Kong and our surrounding seas have provided us with a livelihood for generations. We have achieved international importance because of our relationship with the ocean. Our Fragrant Harbour and our bond to the Greater Bay Area are home to more than 30 million people and play an ever-expanding role in global development.
We rely on the oceans for food, transportation, and recreation. And yet, our oceans are under substantial threat. How can we not put our concern on the ocean and our future?
World Ocean Day is upcoming on 8 June. We take this opportunity to commemorate World Ocean Day by this booklet sharing the work of ten leading individuals and their organizations affecting ocean change in Southeast Asia.
We celebrate and dive into the work of Ocean Warriors, Thailand Manta Project, saving corals in the Philippines, OceansAsia, the Shark Foundation, Conservation of Green Sea Turtles, Bloom Association in HK, and CITES Enforcement.
We also provide the latest insights on underwater ecology: how do fish feel? What do they know? the benefits of the ocean ecosystem, fish stock depletion, and coral reef ecology.
Lastly, let's work toward the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 14, Life Below Water, to embark on our journey echoing "Why The Ocean Matters".
Welcome.
Powerpoint presentation by jennifer ayoub Jennifer_2014
The document summarizes a presentation about the environmental effects of overfishing in the Great Barrier Reef. It notes that overfishing is one of several threats to the reef, along with pollution, climate change, and coral bleaching. While fishing generates over $1 billion annually for Australia's economy, overfishing is unsustainable and can damage marine life and coastal communities that rely on fish. The presentation calls for increased awareness of overfishing issues and encourages sustainable practices to protect the Great Barrier Reef for future generations.
Mangroves are vital for healthy coastal ecosystems in many regions of the world and research and studies are revealing the unique importance of these habitats to the planet. The Mangrove Action Project is dedicated to reversing the degradation and loss of mangrove forest wetlands and their associated coastal ecosystems worldwide. www.mangroveactionproject.org
The document discusses the plight of coral reefs in Trinidad and Tobago. It outlines the Buccoo Reef Trust's strategy of research, education, and conservation to protect coral reefs. It describes the value of coral reefs through tourism, fisheries, and shoreline protection. It also discusses threats to coral reefs like coral bleaching caused by rising water temperatures, sedimentation from land clearing/development, and diseases. Monitoring results show a general decline in live coral cover and increase in threats like sedimentation and disease. It recommends policies and marine protected areas to enhance protection of these valuable ecosystems.
The document discusses the issue of overfishing and its negative impacts. It addresses that overfishing is a growing problem that affects societies, economies, and the environment. One of the world's largest fisheries in the East China Sea has been damaged by overfishing and pollution, confirming fears of fishermen and environmentalists. The optimum yield from fisheries is difficult to define precisely but should aim to maximize benefits while protecting marine ecosystems and reconstructing overfished fisheries to maximum sustainable levels.
Global fish stocks have been rapidly declining since the 1980s due to overfishing and unsustainable fishing practices. Several major fish species populations have declined by 80-90% due to industrialization, misleading science, and overoptimism. Unsustainable fishing has led to habitat destruction, reduction of biodiversity, destabilization of food chains, and marine pollution. Solutions proposed include implementing safe catch limits, reducing bycatch through gear modifications, catch share programs, marine protected areas, and developing sustainable aquaculture practices. Further research is needed on tracking illegal fishing, alternative fishmeal sources, and new gear technologies.
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Underwater image conveying awareness of coral ecosystem conservation
1. Underwater photography conveying awareness of coral ecosystem conservation
SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
This study is focus on the effect of underwater image in conveying awareness of
coral ecosystem conservation. The use of underwater photography in conveying peoples
especially tourists aware of the coral ecosystem damage and the important of conserve it
are commonly applied to express meaning more clearly and attractive without losing the
whole context of the actual message conveyed. As mentioned by Cal Mero (2009),
underwater photography can use to convey a message about its subject and can change
and inspire its viewer apart from as a medium of communicate. Take renowned
underwater photographer Brian Skerry’s recent photography work on harp seals and the
global fisheries. His emotive photos communicate a message that is hard to ignore.
Underwater photography is the most important medium in transferring awareness
message to tourists in order to stop the destruction of the world coral reefs and restore
their beauty, health and abundance within this century. Nowadays, manipulation on
underwater photography becomes more apparent with the introduction of digital
photography editing. The use of underwater photography in raises awareness is becoming
more common now because the technology of photography become more evolve
compared to the years before. Appropriate use of it can encourage people in preserve the
nature of the coral ecosystem.
2. 1.2 Problem Statement
Coral reefs also know as the “rainforest of the sea” are the most biodiverse of all
marine ecosystems and the greatest expression of ocean life. They are the barometer for
the health of our oceans and possibly our entire global environment. According to the
Department of Marine Parks Malaysia SyMBiosIS, Malaysia has an estimated 4,000 km2
of coral reefs, 75% of which are found around Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia.
Coral diversity is highest in East Malaysia, estimated at over 550 species while there has
over 360 species of coral in Peninsular Malaysia.
Nowadays, coral reefs are in crisis which dying at an alarming rate worldwide.
They are now endangered on a planetary scale because of threatened by pollution, over-
fishing, dynamiting and bleaching. Home to more than a quarter of all fish species on
Earth, an estimated 10% of coral reefs have already disappeared and an estimated 58% of
all coral reefs are at risk today. In Southeast Asia, more than 80% of the reefs are at risk
and an estimated 38% of the reefs in the Florida Keys died between 1996 and 2000.
(Cynthia Lazaroff, Planetary Coral Reef Foundation West Coast Office)
Coral reef also is one of the primary tourist attractions in coastal regions.
However, the absence of distinct strategies to ensure the conservation of reefs has already
led to the degradation of these resources in many parts of the ESCAP region. Tourists and
locals are found walking on reefs and doing diving activities which damaging them
extensively. Moreover, the collection of pieces of coral as souvenirs, collection of shells,
dropping of anchors of boats used by tourists and fishermen, are also contributory causes.
Apart from fishing activities, the corals are also exploited and damaged, either
intentionally or out of ignorance, by other tourism related activities. The coral colonies
situated close to popular beach resorts have been most seriously affected and been
subjected to serious damages. These are facing various problems ranging from polluted
sea water, disturbance from tourist divers (unskilled), oil-spill from too many diving
boats, and waste littering. Even the more off-shore and less accessible coral reefs are
facing damages from some of these factors, though to a lesser extent. However, the
tendency of damages is increasing as the tourism activity of scuba diving and snorkeling
are gaining popularity. There is clearly conclude that the increase of tourism industry has
raises the amount of coral degradation.
3. Abdul Jamal Mydin, general director of Marine Park Department told reporters
that in Pulau Payar in Kedah for example, an estimated 60% to 90% of corals were
affected by the bleaching. Besides the peninsula, signs of coral bleaching have also been
reported in Sepanggar Bay, Sabah. Reef Check Malaysia general manager, Julian Hyde
tells The Nut Graph that the bleaching was first observed in April 2010, and the situation
got worse in May and June. In May 2010, the Terengganu government said it planned to
limit the annual number of tourists visiting Redang Island because the increasing number
of tourists was taking a toll especially on the coral reefs. Greenfins Malaysia was also set
up in 2008 to encourage dive operators and their clients to adopt environmentally-
friendly practices to help conserve coral reefs and marine life.
In order to reduce risk of coral degradation, the use of underwater photography is
crucial because it is a multi-disciplinary art that has developed in response to the crisis
confronting biological diversity today.
1.3 Significance of study
It seems that more rigorous coral conservation should be done in order to aware
more tourists. As we can see, due to the advancement of underwater photography, tourists
are becoming more aware of the persuasion effects of the conservation. Therefore, they
are not easily persuaded by common or ordinary conservation campaigns. It means, the
tourists are no longer can be easily affected by the direct or straightforward underwater
photography. Although direct or straightforward underwater photography may brings
about the meanings more effectively, it does not possess the powerful creative pull it its
campaign.
Conversely by applying the uses of more creative techniques in conservation in
convey messages, it may convince the tourists to get more awareness on the coral
damages and the way to sustain them. If the conservation campaigns are successful, this
may help our country to save more marine ecosystem.
Besides that, this study also essentials in order to understand the conveying effect
of underwater photography on coral conservation. One of the hopes expressed for the
future of conservation photography as a field is that it will lead to greater opportunities
4. for funding projects, independent from existing media or science budgets. It will also be
helpful for mainstream media outlets to publish more conservation content. Additionally,
strides for conservation awareness can be gained if the majority of nature photographers,
amateur and professional, will become more engaged in conservation issues, recognizing
their ability to be activists with the cameras.
1.5 Aim and Objectives
The main aim of this research is to study the manipulation of using underwater
image to conveying tourists about the awareness of coral ecosystem conservation.
Specific Objectives:
1. To study the effect of underwater photography whether it manage to convey tourists
aware of coral ecosystem conservation or not.
2. To verify the underwater photography are effective and efficient in aware tourists or
inefficient.
3. To identify whether underwater photography able to sustain the nature of coral
ecosystem from being degraded continuously.
1.6 Research Questions
What is most persuasive way to convince and convey awareness message to tourists on
coral conservation?
Are using underwater photography in convince tourists effective enough?
1.7 Hypothesis
H1: Underwater image able to conveying awareness of coral ecosystem conservation to
tourist.
5. 1.8 Limitation and Delimitation
This is a case study research on Malaysia tourism industry which will be done in
Sabah, Malaysia. Therefore this research will be limited to tourists visiting Sabah area,
highlighting on their preferences on underwater photography in conservation approach.
Respondents’ selection will be general which will include foreign and local tourist from
and outside of Malaysia. This is mainly to ensure sample generalization by employing
probability sampling in sample selection.
6. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
From beneath the surface of the water, underwater photographer David Doubilet
exposed a previously unseen world, publishing 70 articles in National Geographic
starting in 1971. His book Water Light Time (1999) includes photographs from thirty
different oceans and seas shot over three decades of exploration, portraying the
underwater world with unprecedented story-telling artistry that fostered new appreciation
for that realm. Both Balog and Ketchum stated the need to reconnect to the natural world
and believed that the power of photography could enable that connection.
Photography can help us remember and reclaim our identities as part of the natural
world… [It is] an antidote to the disorientation of our time; it replaces fragmentation with
focus, forgetting with memory, indifference with affection. These are the impulses
shaping a new breed of activist photography oriented to the conservation of the natural
and human environment (Balog, 2007).
The World Conservation and Wildlife Trust run by CEO Robin Johnson
are launching a new and unique project focused on the general population experiencing
the beauty of the Sea through the means of a nationwide film. At the moment they are
developing a similar film around the UK to use as a taster for what is to come. The film is
a testament to the beauty that lies beneath, the sea and all of its aquatic ecosystems. The
first part of the film focuses on following marine experts to Marine havens around the
world to film how the underwater world operates. The second part to the film is the
impact of the Destruction of the seas on local inhabitants, for example in Thailand, Koh
Tao, Phuket and Krabi. Locals here depend on the sea for cultural and practical reasons,
as they have lived off the sea for generations; by destroying it they are destroying them.
Then finally the third aspect of the film is human impact, they look at human impacts on
the seas and how they are destroying the beautiful life within the sea. They are launching
their taster film on the Marine Life around the UK on October 3rd at 9.00pm 2011 at
the Screen on the Green in Angel, London, where with just one screening they try and
seek interest on the topic and seek investment for their film which will be
launched nationwide (possibly global) to a much larger audience, raising the critical topic
of the destruction of their seas the next of the year. (Robin Johnson, 2007)
7. The Images for Conservation Fund (ICF), founded by John Martin in Texas,
proclaims “Photography is the most powerful conservation tool on the planet
(imagesforconservation.org).” Recognizing that ninety-six percent of Texas and ninety
percent of the Western Hemisphere is privately owned, ICF focuses its programs
primarily on conservation of private land, using photography tournaments as educational
and economic incentives to encourage private landowners to restore, preserve and
enhance wildlife habitat. Photography also is a propaganda device and a weapon for the
defense of the environment and therefore for the fostering of a healthy human race and
even very likely for its survival. When used to its best advantage, dramatically, with
uncompromising sharpness, it is a most powerful means for demonstrating the need for
protecting and preserving the biota. This is because photographs wield a great force of
conviction. Photographs are believed more than words; thus they can be used
persuasively to show people who have never taken the trouble to look what is there
(Porter in Rohrbach et al 2001).
In addition, photography can help break down the wall of rationality and provide
the poetry to warn and inspire. Photography has the power to “touch the images of the
soul” and to become that new language “to convey the feelings of beauty, hope,
inspiration and sacredness for humanity and all other life.” Photography can provide
connection to the wilderness experience, remind us that we are all connected, and provide
the “spiritual spark that ignites understanding.” As Player described general conservation
needs for 21st century, he was essentially describing the role of conservation
photography.
8. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
This study will be carry out by multidisciplinary research whereby it will acquire
literature from various disciplines such as arts, social sciences and tourism studies. The
use of both approaches in this research is deemed important because they would enable
researcher to further understand the subject matter in which cannot be explained using
only one approach alone. For instances, the use of qualitative method is insufficient at
explaining the matter of tourist’s behavior and perception towards the persuasiveness of
underwater photography to show people who have never taken the trouble to look what is
there, since it concentrates only on interpreting on the message by the text.
Documenting this amazingly diverse region required a wide variety of photographic
techniques, from aerial photography of landscapes to micro photography of insects. On
average, the sun in Gamba broke through the clouds in just one out of three days. Good
lighting was a blessing when it came, but the weather changed rapidly and was difficult
to predict. The typical dim lighting required the use of heavy tripods and fast lenses. High
humidity and constant rainfall conspired against equipment, and salt air and wind-driven
sand in the coastal areas added to the toll. It was necessary to store cameras in dry boxes
with desiccant to keep them functioning.
Camera equipment. I used a Nikon SLR camera system, including 35mm film-
based camera bodies and a D1x digital camera body, with lenses ranging from 20 mm to
600 mm. Macro lenses – 60 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm – which allow close focus and
high magnification, were the cornerstones of my studio photography. Otherwise,
preferred lenses were 600 f/4 for wildlife and 28mm f/1.4 and 35mm f/2 for
photographing people. For film, when not shooting digital, I relied on Fuji Velvia 50 and
Kodak E100G/GX, often pushed one stop.
Aerial photography. Photographing from above provided an informative
perspective on the landscape, revealing interface and linkages among habitats. This
approach was particularly important in Gabon where the patchwork of coastline,
grasslands, water, and forest defines the ecosystems. Aerial pictures were made from
radio towers as well as a low-flying Cessna 182 aircraft.