Detailed research on design of aquarium and case studies

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Topic : NATIONAL OCEANARIUM IN TARKARLI
TEJAS AMBADAS SHELAR INDIRA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN | 2022-23
PART 01: Research in Architectural Design Project
Aim:
To design Aqaurium at tarkarli for public entertainment,education and
scientific study.
Objectives:
 Provides a platform for education through entertainment.
 The activities will be provided for all age groups.
 Just like the highly accepted phrase "out of sight, out of mind" will
provide peace and motivation to not harm marine life.
 Scope for researchers and their institutions which will in turn ensue
conservation.
Introduction to the Background Research:
The ocean is the most obvious feature of the earth's surface. Approximately
seventy percent of this surface is covered by water. These oceans are home to
numerous living species. A large portion of the earth's biodiversity is living in
these oceans. It constitutes over 90 percent of the habitable space
on the planet.
As climate change has affected all other environments it is affecting our
oceans too in various ways. The health of the world's ocean and marine life is
degrading rapidly as a result of excess human activities.
According to the studies, over 80% of all marine pollution originates from
land-based sources. These activities continue to distur3 the marine
environment today. In such global scenarios, it is very important to
understand and conserve biodiversity. There's an inherent need in us to
experience understand and conserve the marine environment.
Around the world, species and populations are recovering with effort and
intervention from communities and government; large areas are being
established as protected areas; different nations have adopted a series of
specific targets to work together to protect the biodiversity in the oceans for
its own sake and for the benefits it brings to people worldwide. Oceanariums
is one of the mediums through which, the wonderful experience of the marine
environment is brought together.
Methodology:
The initial step would be looking at the difference, advantages, and
disadvantages of oceanariums and aquariums. Looking into case studies on
successful architectural examples as well as successful examples of conserved
marine life in an artificial environment. After analysis of case studies, to conclude
possible architectural implementation that would help in catering aesthetic
requirements as well as conservation and research of marine life.
 Architectural piece that draws the attention of the world and by promoting
tourism
 A place of public entertainment. Meeting point of two different worlds.
 A fun place for all the age groups of people from all over the world.
 Public awareness and education.
 High lightens the beauty of architecture by sensitive issues that today's
world faces.
Thus, a design approach that was mostly developed prioritizing visitors'
experience began to influence the process of designing, this called forth the
necessity of knowing each animal's comfortable living conditions. A research-
based designing process.

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Identified Case Studies:
1. Live Case study-Dolphin Aquarium, Mumbai.
2. Live Case study-Aquatic gallery , Ahmedabad
3. Book Case study - Georgia Aquarium
4. Book Case study - Shanghai Ocean Aquarium
Identified Site:
1. Site location- Tarkarli,Maharashtra.
INTRODUCTION
oceanarium, saltwater aquarium for displaying marine animals and
plants, particularly oceanic, or pelagic, fishes and mammals. It serves as a
centre for public entertainment and education and scientific study. Most
oceanariums are located in coastal areas. The world’s first large oceanarium,
now known as Marineland, was completed in 1938 near St. Augustine, Fla., U.S.
Oceanariums are more difficult to maintain than freshwater aquariums.
Changes in salinity conditions confound the relationships between
temperature, acidity, and oxygen levels of an aquatic system and create
complex maintenance problems that require constant attention if sensitive
fishes and other organisms are to be kept in a healthy state. Oceanariums,
however, have certain advantages. Many more different species of fish live in
marine environments than in freshwater systems, so that a
greater diversity of displays is possible. In addition, a
saltwater environment permits the holding of such large and impressive
animals as sharks, rays, and marine turtles, as well as seagoing mammals
(e.g., dolphins, whales, and manatees). Many oceanariums make full use of the
ability of whales and dolphins to be trained, devising special acrobatic shows
for the public. A number of oceanariums are associated with research or
educational programs of universities, biological stations, and marine institutes.
Arrangements may be reciprocal in that oceanariums can provide facilities for
student training or experiments while the academic or research units can
contribute specimens and professional advice about the care of marine
organisms.
Living along the coastline brings the inhabitants with close contact to
the sea every now and then. Around the world we see development around
the coasts small islands countries earn a lot of money from tourism due to this
coastal development. The reason is the sea; the beaches are an attraction all
around the world people through to beaches during vacations Indonesia,
Malaysia, Thailand etc. are the finest example of this. They realized the
importance of the force of the sea and developed their waterfronts to the
international standards.
An Oceanarium is as an essential part of this sea front development as it
tells us that how beauty lies within this enigmatic sea. it is in itself a sea
enclosed within an edifice. It also helps the research work going on regarding
the sea and its creature. Conversation of species is the slogan of the
oceanariums around the world. The need for an oceanarium is stressed as it is
not just a recreational spot it is a research platform from where extensive
researches on flora and fauna is conducted.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AQUARIUM AND OCEANARIUM:
Difference between Aquarium & Oceanarium: Oceanariums are
somehow more difficult to maintain than aquariums. Changes in salinity
conditions confound the relationships between temperature, acidity, and
oxygen levels of an aquatic life support system. Oceanariums however have
certain disadvantages, many different species of fishes live in marine
environments than in freshwater, so a greater diversity of displays is possible.
A saltwater environment permits the holding of large and impressive animals
which a person hardly get to see such as sharks, rays, piranhas, sea turtles also
seagoing mammals such as dolphins, whales, sea otter, etc. many oceanariums
make full use of the availability of dolphins and whales that are to be trained.
They are trained for special aquatic shows that are to be performed in front of
a live audience. Several oceanariums are associated with research or
educational programs or universities, biological stations, and marine
institutes arrangements may be reciprocal in that oceanariums can provide

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facilities for students' training or experiments while the academic or research
units can contribute specimens and professional advice about the care of
marine organisms. In comparison to an aquarium which is made on a small
scale, it does not have entertainment facilities as an oceanarium has. An
aquarium does not have facilities for nature and take care of mammals like
whales or turtles. All aquarium also may or may not be affiliated with a
university, also has a smaller tank of freshwater fishes and marine water
fishes. Oceanarium is comparatively a better option in every aspect to meet
the growing demands of the level of amusement that people expect from such
facilities and also at the same time educate them. An oceanarium involves a
more complex site design than an aquarium. It is a complex that generated a
stimulating environment where people can observe marine life in its natural
habitat with the complete underwater landscape.
SALTWATER VS FRESHWATER AQUARIUM:
When choosing between a freshwater setup and a saltwater setup, it is
important to realize the difference In the level of difficulty and level of care
required. As stated earlier, freshwater fish are harder in general because of
their adaptive nature. They are capable of being in a wider range of water
parameters as well. On the other hand, saltwater fish are generally more
demanding of specific water parameters and required habitat. While the
market value of fish can vary depending on the season and distance from the
coastal lines, marine fish are much more expensive compared to most
freshwater species.
While we generally break down the types of aquariums you can choose
into two large categories freshwater or saltwater - there are several
subcategories within each of these larger options. These subcategories have a
huge impact on an aspect of the tank such as cost or maintenance.
For freshwater some of the subcategories include
 Planted tanks
 Biotopetanks
 Cichlidtanks
 Brackishtanks
 Predator tanks For saltwater, there are three main subcategories
 Fish-only tanks
 Fish-only with live rocks tanks(FOWLR)
 Reef tanks

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Cost:
When comparing freshwater and saltwater tanks, the cost is what many
people assume to be the main difference. There is a common perception that
saltwater aquariums cost a good deal more than freshwater ones. To be quite
honest, this is generally the case. Saltwater fish tend to be more expensive and
these tanks tend to require additional equipment. If you choose to incorporate
them. Corals can also add significantly to the cost of the tanks. All of these
things need to be considered but do realize that cost is relative.
For example, a reef tank is probably going to be the most expensive of the
saltwater aquariums. Therefore, if you wanted to keel the cost more in-line
with a freshwater tank you could set up a fish-only or FOWLR tank
Size:
It used to be the common belief that you could not have a saltwater tank under
gallons with the rise in popularity of nano tanks, however, this is no longer the
case many manufacturers are now making 10-30 gallons all-in-one units,
especially for saltwater use. It remains true, however, that larger tanks are
easier to care for than smaller tanks due to increased water volume. This
being the case, there is no significant difference between keeping a freshwater
or a saltwater tank regarding tank size.
Colour:
There is simply no substitute for a reef aquarium in terms of color. It is just a
fact that there is a more variety and wider array of brightly colored fish and
corals in the saltwater world. There are some very colorful freshwater fish,
but the spectrum of color seen in freshwater fish is very different from that
seen in saltwater species.
Equipment:
Saltwater setup without a great deal of additional equipment, but the average
saltwater aquarium does usually use more equipment than freshwater setup.
Examples of equipment many people use in the saltwater tanks that are not
required in freshwater include: Protein skimmer
 Hydrometer
 Salt mix Live rocks
 Power heads Additional test kits
 sump
 Ease of keeping:
Similar to the fact that most saltwater tanks are more expensive than
freshwater, freshwater tanks are generally easier to care for. This is especially
true when comparing freshwater tanks to reef setup. Again, there are
counterexamples (comparing a heavily planted tank to a fish-only tank), but
generally, the variables are less complex in a freshwater setup.
Water changes:
Saltwater tanks do require additional work during water changes, mostly
related to the fact that you have to mix the saltwater beforehand. This can be
time-consuming as the salt tends to dissolve slowly and requires buying a
hydrometer to check the salinity level. There are ways to make this process
easier, however. One option is to keel saltwater mixing continuously in a large
bucket, heated with a heater, and circulated with a powerhead. Using this
method, you will always have fresh water available for water changes.
Another option is to purchase pre- mixed saltwater from the pet store, but this
option is much more expensive. With freshwater aquariums, do not need to
mix saltwater.

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Water:
The fish in freshwater aquariums have their origins in streams, ponds, rivers,
and lakes. The water for these fish should be dechlorinated, which can be
accomplished by adding a dechlorinating agent to tap water. The water should
also have moved to increase the amount of oxygen which can be achieved by
using an air pump. Aquarists routinely monitor the temperature of the water
to be sure it is stable and also test the levels of ammonia and pH to ensure that
waste is properly removed by the filter, some fish (like koi) swim in colder
water or prefer shall water depths (like archerfish, which hunt for insects).
Salt for marine aquariums is available to mix with home tap water to make a
ratio comparable to seawater. A hydrometer measures the specific gravity of
the water, indicating how salty it is. Some invertebrates, like corals and
anemones, require specific additives like calcium and iodine to a saltwater
aquarium. Similar to a freshwater setup, monitors for temperature, ammonia
levels, and pH are needed.
Freshwater setup:
Just like saltwater fish, there are many colorful and attractive freshwater fish
including cardinal tetras, fancy guppies, killifish, bettas, and cichlids, just to
name a few even within the scope of freshwater aquariums, there is a great
variety of thank setups available. Freshwater tropical community tanks are
one of the most popular aquarium setups for both novice and advanced fish
keepers. While it is relatively inexpensive to set up and maintain, one can also
appreciate a great variety of fish on a single aquarium. For the community to
ensure compatibility. Since different species have different swimming
patterns, combining top-level swimmers, middle-level swimmers, and bottom
dwellers can be an attractive effect in a community tank. Basic components in
a freshwater aquarium setup include filtration, lighting, and heating. For
freshwater aquariums without a heating mechanism, cold water fish are most
suitable. Coldwater fish includes goldfish and white cloud mountain minnows,
among many other small river species.
Saltwater setup:
There is a great abundance of colorful marine fish with striking patterns and
body formations. One type of marine tank setup is fish only with live rock
(FOWLR) saltwater aquariums. Live rocks, which are pieces of mature coral
reefs, allow colonization of various marine life such as invertebrates and
sponges. Since live rocks house an abundance of beneficial bacteria, it aids
infiltration and maintaining desirable water parameters. The most challenging
type of aquarium, more so than FOWLR aquariums, are reef aquariums. In reef
aquariums, the primary focus is placed on the corals, invertebrates, and
anemones. While fish can be present in a reef aquarium, they are considered
as an accessory of the entire setup. Reef aquariums require specific water
parameters, lighting conditions, and water flow that must be maintained on a
very regular basis.
Aquarium basically covers the following zones of facilities:
1. ENTERTAINMENT ZONE
2. EDUCATIONAL ZONE
3.FUN AND RECREATIONAL ZONE
4.RESEARCH ZONE
ENTERTAINMENT ZONE
Under Entertainment Zone there are the following factors which are users can
experience:
Underwater aquarium displays:
 This is not an ordinary aquarium but it provides its visitors with a unique
and fascinating environment.
 It comprises large coral reef tanks and several other glass cases and
aquariums to enjoy the sea life, displaying all varieties and species of fishes,
reptiles, amphibians, sea plants, etc.

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 The aquarium displays are spread throughout the building on all floors.
These aquariums not only contain fishes but also reptiles. invertebrates,
and amphibians, thus providing a wide variety.
 These are not just the simple usual types of an aquarium but are designed
with new methods and techniques, thus allowing the aquarium viewing
acrylic panel to be arranged in different sizes and forms. This gives a break
to the continuity of the aquariums and adds to the interest of visitors.
 Also the circulation area for the visitors is such provided that it does not
follow the same route or straight lines, but the interest to move around is
enhanced with curved pathways and varying widths of the corridor. This
does not only break the continuity but also saves the visitors from
following the same route or display area.
1. Acrylic tunnel:
The acrylic tunnel will be made of a semi-circular acrylic through which the
visitors can see the water world and fish at just a few centimeter distances.
2. Coral reef tank:
A reef aquarium or reef tank is a marine aquarium that prominently displays
live corals and other marine invertebrates as well as fish that play a role in
maintaining the tropical coral reef environment. A reef aquarium requires
appropriately intense lighting, turbulent water movement, and more stable
water chemistry than fish-only marine aquaria, and careful consideration is
given to which reef animals are appropriate and compatible with each other.
3. Freshwater tank:
Here tropical colorful freshwater fishes from the pound and fishes as well as
house aquariums are displayed, these also include artificial ponds and
waterfalls. It consists of that thrive wholly in fresh water and which can grow
up to eight feet in length.

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4. Seashell display:
Showcases more than 100 species of seashells from all over the world, in all
sizes, shapes, and shades, this gallery also consists of large shell models to add
interest and variety.
5. Underwater landscape:
Undersea consist of many colors of corals and reefs and fishes, it is also known
as an "Aqua scaping". It involves techniques of setting up, decorating, and
arranging a set of natural elements such as aquatic plants, stones, driftwood,
and substrates. These elements are combined in such a way that it becomes
aesthetically pleasing to human perception.
PART 02: Architectural Design Project
Title of the Architectural Design Project:
To design National oceanarium for public entertainment,education and
scientific study.
(Type here)
Identified Case Studies:
1. Live Case study – Dolphine Aquarium,Mumbai
2. Live Case study – Aquatic gallery ,Ahmedabad
3. Book Case study – Georgia Aquarium,US
4. Book Case study – US.Shanghai Ocean Aquarium,china
Identified Site:
1. Identified Site 1 - Tarkarli beach maharashtra .
2. Identified Site 2 - Shrivardhan beach maharashtra .

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Book Case Study 1 - Georgia Aquarium,US.
Project: Georgia Aquarium
Location: Atlanta,Georgia, U.S.
Architect: PVAG Architects
Area: 36421 sq.mt
Floor: 2
Built year: 21.08.2003 -23.11.2005
Total species: 700
The site plan of Georgia Aquarium consist of a single building in a 9
acres of land surrounded by a mix landscape over its one side and having a
multilevel parking provided at the back of the building.
About:
 The Georgia Aquarium houses 120,000 animals, representing 700
species, in 8.5 million US gallons (32,000 m3) of marine and fresh
water. It was the worlds largest oceanarium when it opened in 2005
 Its features a number of touch pool tanks with ray and shark as well
as exhibits featuring sea turtles and the wildlife of gray's reef-a
national marine sanctuary off the Georgia coast
There are six different galleries exhibited. The six galleries are:
1. Georgia Explore
2. Tropical Driver
3. Ocean Voyager
4.ColdwaterQuest
5 River Scout
6. Dolphin Tales

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Book Case study 2 – Shanghai Ocean Aquarium,china
Project : Shanghai Ocean Aquarium
Location : Pudong Special Development Zone,Shanghai China.
Architect : Cam Crossley
Area : 8400 sq.mt
Floor : 4
Built year - 1999-2002
Total species: 450
About The Project:
This prestigious project was completed in 2002, and is located
immediately adjacent Shanghai's most significant tourist attraction the Oriend
Pearl Tower in Pudong, Shanghai.
The theme, "Across Continents through Worlds of Water" captures
the essence of the broad scope of exhibits on display in the facility.
Beginning with the China Zone, visitors pass through representative
countries of South America, Australia, Africa and the temperate zones that
show coldwater fish and later, penguins.
The sea provides the theme for the second phase of the visitor's
experience where they view some of the more unusual life from color
changing giant cuttlefish and baby sharks to the giant Japanese spider crabs
and the miniature seahorses of the seaweed forest.
The climax of the visitors experience is the showcase oceanarium
consisting of 120 mt of travellator passing through five contrasting marine
environments: the coastal reef, the open ocean, the kelp cave, shark cove, and
the coral reef This awesome experience is one of the longest aquarium tunnel
exhibits in the world.

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Aquatic gallery,,Ahmedabad

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