Tourism has both positive and negative impacts on the coral reefs in Hikkaduwa Marine National Park in Sri Lanka. While tourism generates income, activities like snorkeling, diving, and boating can damage corals through contact or pollution. The study recommends strengthening laws against collecting corals and enforcing responsible practices. It also suggests regulating boat numbers and fuel, and improving waste management from resorts to protect the fragile reefs while supporting sustainable tourism.
This briefing paper has been prepared for the World Ocean Summit 2015, to share the initial findings of two upcoming white papers on the “State of the blue economy” and “Investing in the blue economy”, sponsored by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, which will be published following the World Ocean Summit.
This document discusses coastal and marine tourism. It defines coastal and marine tourism as recreational activities involving travel away from one's community that have the marine environment or coastal zone as their focus or host. Examples are provided of coastal recreation activities like beach volleyball and marine activities like scuba diving. Coastal and marine tourism can provide economic benefits but also environmental impacts if not managed sustainably, such as pollution, damage to coral reefs, and disturbance of wildlife. The document outlines some of the challenges faced in coastal areas from the high population pressure and need for sustainable tourism development and management.
EIA Tool for Evaluating Pre & Post Impacts of Development ProjectsOsada Vishvajith
EIA is a commonly used tool to foresee the development impacts of multi scale projects. Sri Lanka, with a long history of EIA legislation has been used for evaluating number of projects so far.
The failure of addressing the key issues in the EIA process has been resulted disastrous impacts to the economy, society and environment. This presentation evaluates the weaknesses of EIA procedure in evaluating international airport project in Sri Lanka and how it could be improved to avoid future losses.
1. The document presents a vision for the Indian Sundarbans Delta region in the year 2050 that aims to improve quality of life while reducing threats from climate change and restoring ecosystems.
2. The vision proposes demarcating protected "green line" areas for ecological restoration and restricting development, while developing new infrastructure outside these areas to accommodate population growth.
3. It envisions phased migration of populations from protected inner areas to new developed zones, with financial and educational support, to allow full restoration of vacated mangrove forests by 2050.
SITE OF FIRST MASS (HISTORY 101 BALIK-TANAW.docxJuliusOrong
The document discusses the debate around the site of the first Catholic mass in the Philippines, held by Ferdinand Magellan and his expedition in 1521. The key sites proposed are Limasawa Island in Southern Leyte and Masao (now Butuan City) in Agusan del Norte. Evidence is presented supporting both claims, drawing from historical logs and accounts. While the National Historical Institute supports Limasawa, some historians argue Masao is the more likely site based on documents from eyewitnesses on Magellan's voyage. The significance of determining the true site relates to its importance in the history of Christianity in the Philippines.
The document discusses the blue economy approach, which focuses on the sustainable use and conservation of ocean resources for economic growth. It provides an overview of the blue economy, defining it as the optimal and sustainable use of ocean resources to meet present and future needs. The key sectors of the blue economy are identified as fisheries and aquaculture, renewable and non-renewable energy resources, maritime transport, and sustainable tourism. Challenges to the development of a blue economy include overexploitation of resources, pollution, and the impacts of climate change. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides the legal framework to support the principles of a sustainable blue economy.
This document summarizes a regional training workshop on developing National Adaptation Plans for climate change in Fiji. It outlines that Fiji is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to its location in the Pacific Rim of Fire and small island size. Key sectors like agriculture, infrastructure, tourism, and urban areas face risks from increased rainfall, droughts, cyclones, and sea level rise. It then provides details on a case study of the damage from Cyclone Winston in 2016, current adaptation initiatives, sources of adaptation financing, and national policy frameworks that are being established to address these challenges. Barriers to adaptation that were discussed include determining vulnerability across all sectors, funding limitations, and engaging private sector support. The way forward involves conducting a
This is a Project Report which was prepared for an Assignment at National Institute of Business Management. This includes a background study and a macro environmental Analysis of Sri Lankan Tourism Industry.
This is done as the Marketing Management module assinment of BSc. In Business Management (Special) Degree of National Institute of Business Management.
Group Members:
P.D.N.J. Anjana
D.M.M.S Jayakody
K.S.M.Perera
N.G.Pathmanathan
T. Kurubaran
T. Subramaniam
This briefing paper has been prepared for the World Ocean Summit 2015, to share the initial findings of two upcoming white papers on the “State of the blue economy” and “Investing in the blue economy”, sponsored by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, which will be published following the World Ocean Summit.
This document discusses coastal and marine tourism. It defines coastal and marine tourism as recreational activities involving travel away from one's community that have the marine environment or coastal zone as their focus or host. Examples are provided of coastal recreation activities like beach volleyball and marine activities like scuba diving. Coastal and marine tourism can provide economic benefits but also environmental impacts if not managed sustainably, such as pollution, damage to coral reefs, and disturbance of wildlife. The document outlines some of the challenges faced in coastal areas from the high population pressure and need for sustainable tourism development and management.
EIA Tool for Evaluating Pre & Post Impacts of Development ProjectsOsada Vishvajith
EIA is a commonly used tool to foresee the development impacts of multi scale projects. Sri Lanka, with a long history of EIA legislation has been used for evaluating number of projects so far.
The failure of addressing the key issues in the EIA process has been resulted disastrous impacts to the economy, society and environment. This presentation evaluates the weaknesses of EIA procedure in evaluating international airport project in Sri Lanka and how it could be improved to avoid future losses.
1. The document presents a vision for the Indian Sundarbans Delta region in the year 2050 that aims to improve quality of life while reducing threats from climate change and restoring ecosystems.
2. The vision proposes demarcating protected "green line" areas for ecological restoration and restricting development, while developing new infrastructure outside these areas to accommodate population growth.
3. It envisions phased migration of populations from protected inner areas to new developed zones, with financial and educational support, to allow full restoration of vacated mangrove forests by 2050.
SITE OF FIRST MASS (HISTORY 101 BALIK-TANAW.docxJuliusOrong
The document discusses the debate around the site of the first Catholic mass in the Philippines, held by Ferdinand Magellan and his expedition in 1521. The key sites proposed are Limasawa Island in Southern Leyte and Masao (now Butuan City) in Agusan del Norte. Evidence is presented supporting both claims, drawing from historical logs and accounts. While the National Historical Institute supports Limasawa, some historians argue Masao is the more likely site based on documents from eyewitnesses on Magellan's voyage. The significance of determining the true site relates to its importance in the history of Christianity in the Philippines.
The document discusses the blue economy approach, which focuses on the sustainable use and conservation of ocean resources for economic growth. It provides an overview of the blue economy, defining it as the optimal and sustainable use of ocean resources to meet present and future needs. The key sectors of the blue economy are identified as fisheries and aquaculture, renewable and non-renewable energy resources, maritime transport, and sustainable tourism. Challenges to the development of a blue economy include overexploitation of resources, pollution, and the impacts of climate change. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides the legal framework to support the principles of a sustainable blue economy.
This document summarizes a regional training workshop on developing National Adaptation Plans for climate change in Fiji. It outlines that Fiji is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to its location in the Pacific Rim of Fire and small island size. Key sectors like agriculture, infrastructure, tourism, and urban areas face risks from increased rainfall, droughts, cyclones, and sea level rise. It then provides details on a case study of the damage from Cyclone Winston in 2016, current adaptation initiatives, sources of adaptation financing, and national policy frameworks that are being established to address these challenges. Barriers to adaptation that were discussed include determining vulnerability across all sectors, funding limitations, and engaging private sector support. The way forward involves conducting a
This is a Project Report which was prepared for an Assignment at National Institute of Business Management. This includes a background study and a macro environmental Analysis of Sri Lankan Tourism Industry.
This is done as the Marketing Management module assinment of BSc. In Business Management (Special) Degree of National Institute of Business Management.
Group Members:
P.D.N.J. Anjana
D.M.M.S Jayakody
K.S.M.Perera
N.G.Pathmanathan
T. Kurubaran
T. Subramaniam
1. The document discusses the impacts of climate change on the Sundarbans forest in Bangladesh, including rising sea levels, increased salinity, and changes in inundation and temperature over time.
2. Analysis of remote sensing data from 1992-2001 showed changing patterns in the distribution of common mangrove species like Sundri and Gewa trees.
3. Modeling suggests that under different sea level rise scenarios, the dominant plant species in Sundarbans will change, with the area of Sundri trees expected to reduce by half while the area of Goran trees is expected to increase.
EIA an introduction - Case study wrt Coastal development & AquacultureKANTHARAJAN GANESAN
This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment for the Mumbai Coastal Road Project. It describes the objectives of the EIA study as establishing the baseline environmental conditions, identifying elements that could be affected, predicting impacts, and developing mitigation measures. The report structure includes chapters on project description, alternatives analysis, environmental description, anticipated impacts and mitigation measures, and an environmental management plan. The coastal road project aims to address traffic issues in the dense city of Mumbai by constructing a 29.2 km road along the western coast, and the EIA aims to assess the project's environmental impacts and ensure sustainable development.
The document provides information about the Cagayan Valley region of the Philippines, which includes the provinces of Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino. It discusses the geography and location of the region, with the Cagayan River running through the valley. It then focuses on details about the province of Batanes, the northernmost and smallest province of the Philippines, including its capital Basco, indigenous Ivatan people, scenic landscapes, and cultural festivals and attractions like the Kulay Festival. Places to visit in Batanes highlighted include Mt. Carmel Chapel, Tayid Lighthouse, Honesty Coffee Shop, Morong Beach, and Chawa
MIMAROPA is an administrative region of the Philippines composed of 5 provinces: Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan (until 2005). It does not share land borders with other regions. The region aims to be the country's food basket and tourism haven. Major tourist attractions include the Puerto Princesa Underground River, Puerto Galera beaches, Coron Reef, Paadjao Falls, Mt. Guiting-Guiting, and Tubbataha Reef.
MIMAROPA is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region IV-B. It is one of two regions in the country having no land border with another region, the other being Eastern Visayas. The name is an acronym combination of its constituent provinces, which are: Mindoro (divided into Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro), Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan. The region is also formally known as the Southern Tagalog Islands.
Calapan City is the regional center. However, most regional government offices such as the Department of Public Works and Highways are in the city of Quezon in Metro Manila.
The region was part of the now-defunct Southern Tagalog region until May 17, 2002.[4] On May 23, 2005, Palawan and the highly urbanized city of Puerto Princesa were moved to the region of Western Visayas by Executive Order No. 429.
However, on August 19, 2005, then-President Arroyo issued Administrative Order No. 129 to hold the earlier EO 429 in abeyance pending a review.
This document provides information about the Climate Resilience Infrastructure Development Facility (CRIDF) in Southern Africa and the water resources and infrastructure needs in the region. It summarizes that CRIDF is a new infrastructure support program in Southern Africa implemented by DFID to deliver water-related infrastructure projects and build climate resilience. It describes the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, variations in water resources, reliance on hydropower, impacts of climate change, and strategies around developing infrastructure for water storage, irrigation, and power generation.
MIMAROPA is an administrative region of the Philippines made up of 5 provinces - Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan. It has a total area of 29,621 sq km and population of over 2.7 million people. The main economic activities are agriculture, fishing, logging, and tourism. The region contains diverse landscapes from islands to mountains.
MIMAROPA is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region IV-B. It is one of two regions in the country having no land border with another region, the other being Eastern Visayas. The name is an acronym combination of its constituent provinces, which are: Mindoro (divided into Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro), Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan. The region is also formally known as the Southern Tagalog Islands.
Calapan City is the regional center. However, most regional government offices such as the Department of Public Works and Highways are in the city of Quezon in Metro Manila.
The region was part of the now-defunct Southern Tagalog region until May 17, 2002.[4] On May 23, 2005, Palawan and the highly urbanized city of Puerto Princesa were moved to the region of Western Visayas by Executive Order No. 429.
However, on August 19, 2005, then-President Arroyo issued Administrative Order No. 129 to hold the earlier EO 429 in abeyance pending a review.
The document discusses environmental management and provides definitions. It defines environmental management as the management of human interaction with and impact on the environment. It also discusses carrying capacity, environmental resources, pollution, and environmental management systems. Specifically, it defines an environmental management system as the management of an organization's environmental programs in a comprehensive and planned manner. It also outlines the 17 requirements of the ISO 14001:2004 standard for environmental management systems.
Marinduque is a province located in the Philippines known as "the heart of the Philippines". It has an area of 952.58 km2 and a population of around 234,521. The capital and largest city is Boac. Major tourist attractions include Mount Malindig volcano, Boac Cathedral, Marinduque Wildlife Sanctuary, and the Moriones Festival held annually. The economy relies on agriculture including rice and coconuts, fishing, and butterfly farming for export.
The document discusses Bangladesh's blue economy, which refers to using ocean resources for economic growth. It describes how Bangladesh gained maritime territory through boundary disputes, opening opportunities in shipping, fisheries, tourism, and renewable energy. Specific opportunities mentioned include utilizing the country's increased maritime territory and fisheries for food security, developing offshore wind and tidal energy, expanding shipping and transportation, and growing the coastal tourism industry. Challenges include developing sustainable practices and building research capabilities in deep sea resources that Bangladesh currently lacks. In conclusion, properly harnessing blue economy resources could help solve Bangladesh's economic problems of unemployment, energy shortages, and low GDP.
Region 3, located in central Luzon, Philippines, is composed of 7 provinces - Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales. It has a total area of 18,230.8 square kilometers and is the largest rice producing region in the country. The region has a diverse landscape ranging from coastal areas to mountains. It also has a variety of cultural festivals, historical sites, natural attractions, and is known for industries like agriculture, aquaculture, and manufacturing. The largest city and regional center is San Fernando, Pampanga.
- Palawan is an archipelagic province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. Its capital is Puerto Princesa City, which governs independently from the province.
- The province has a total land area of 14,649.73 square kilometers and is made up of over 1,780 islands and islets. It has a diverse landscape that includes rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, and the second longest underground river in the world.
- The economy relies on agriculture including crops like palay and corn, as well as fishing, logging, and tourism focused on its natural attractions like El Nido Marine Reserve.
Water management is a global issue and it is the prime duty of all the people to save and conserve water so that it can be passed on safely to the future generation. Viewers please watch the ppt and leave your likes and comments.
The presentation provides an overview of the Sundarbans mangrove forest located in Bangladesh. It introduces the group members giving the presentation and provides a preview of the topics to be covered, which include the location, ecology, flora and fauna, tourism, ecosystem services, threats, and management challenges of the Sundarbans. It highlights that the Sundarbans is home to the Bengal tiger and faces threats from sea level rise, pollution, and development projects, and discusses some ways to combat these issues and protect the ecosystem.
Sustainability principles and its application resort managementAMALDASKH
This document discusses sustainability principles and their application to resort management. It defines sustainability and its economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Specific sustainability practices for resorts are outlined, including optimizing guest numbers, generating profits for best practices, prioritizing the local community, reducing pollution through renewable energy and organic farming, and implementing eco-friendly construction and operations. Oyster Island resort is provided as a case study of a sustainable resort practice in India.
Bacteriological Analysis of Water & Chlorination of Boreholes/WellsTom Mahin
This document provides an overview of a training on bacteriological analysis of water and chlorination of boreholes/wells held in Zimbabwe in July 2016. The training covered topics such as types of indicator bacteria, collecting water samples, using DelAgua kits to analyze bacteria samples, compartment bag tests, chlorinating boreholes/wells, and testing chlorine residual, pH and turbidity in the field. Sections discussed the importance of indicator bacteria, proper sampling techniques, preparing and incubating samples using DelAgua kits, alternative testing methods, chlorine dosing calculations, and links to online training videos. The goal of the training was to teach practical water testing and borehole disinfection methods.
Dams,types of dams,working of dams,benefits of dams,costs of damMUBARAKALI111
The document discusses dams, including their history, types, benefits, and costs. It provides details on:
- The rapid increase in large dam construction during the 20th century, with over 45,000 large dams built globally by the end of the century.
- The main types of dams - embankment dams made of earth/rock fill and concrete dams made of mass concrete.
- The key benefits of dams including water supply, flood control, hydropower, irrigation, and recreation.
- Some costs associated with dams and the complex relationship between climate change and dams.
- Saint Martin's Island is the only coral island in Bangladesh, located about 35 km from Teknaf in the northeastern Bay of Bengal.
- The document identifies several problems on the island like illegal fishing practices damaging coral reefs, lack of waste management, and unregulated tourism.
- Recommendations include establishing protected areas, alternative livelihoods for locals, research on marine resources, and sustainable tourism management.
Sustainable tourism in small islands and its challenges to sustainabilityAMALDASKH
The document discusses the challenges of sustainable tourism development in small island destinations. It notes that while islands are popular tourism destinations due to their unique environments and cultures, their small size and fragile ecosystems make them highly vulnerable to negative impacts from tourism. The document then focuses on the example of Lakshadweep islands, India. It outlines the islands' policies for promoting high-value, low-volume ecotourism based on carrying capacity to preserve environmental and cultural heritage while providing economic benefits. Waste disposal and water pollution from tourism are identified as key sustainability issues.
1. The document discusses the impacts of climate change on the Sundarbans forest in Bangladesh, including rising sea levels, increased salinity, and changes in inundation and temperature over time.
2. Analysis of remote sensing data from 1992-2001 showed changing patterns in the distribution of common mangrove species like Sundri and Gewa trees.
3. Modeling suggests that under different sea level rise scenarios, the dominant plant species in Sundarbans will change, with the area of Sundri trees expected to reduce by half while the area of Goran trees is expected to increase.
EIA an introduction - Case study wrt Coastal development & AquacultureKANTHARAJAN GANESAN
This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment for the Mumbai Coastal Road Project. It describes the objectives of the EIA study as establishing the baseline environmental conditions, identifying elements that could be affected, predicting impacts, and developing mitigation measures. The report structure includes chapters on project description, alternatives analysis, environmental description, anticipated impacts and mitigation measures, and an environmental management plan. The coastal road project aims to address traffic issues in the dense city of Mumbai by constructing a 29.2 km road along the western coast, and the EIA aims to assess the project's environmental impacts and ensure sustainable development.
The document provides information about the Cagayan Valley region of the Philippines, which includes the provinces of Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino. It discusses the geography and location of the region, with the Cagayan River running through the valley. It then focuses on details about the province of Batanes, the northernmost and smallest province of the Philippines, including its capital Basco, indigenous Ivatan people, scenic landscapes, and cultural festivals and attractions like the Kulay Festival. Places to visit in Batanes highlighted include Mt. Carmel Chapel, Tayid Lighthouse, Honesty Coffee Shop, Morong Beach, and Chawa
MIMAROPA is an administrative region of the Philippines composed of 5 provinces: Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan (until 2005). It does not share land borders with other regions. The region aims to be the country's food basket and tourism haven. Major tourist attractions include the Puerto Princesa Underground River, Puerto Galera beaches, Coron Reef, Paadjao Falls, Mt. Guiting-Guiting, and Tubbataha Reef.
MIMAROPA is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region IV-B. It is one of two regions in the country having no land border with another region, the other being Eastern Visayas. The name is an acronym combination of its constituent provinces, which are: Mindoro (divided into Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro), Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan. The region is also formally known as the Southern Tagalog Islands.
Calapan City is the regional center. However, most regional government offices such as the Department of Public Works and Highways are in the city of Quezon in Metro Manila.
The region was part of the now-defunct Southern Tagalog region until May 17, 2002.[4] On May 23, 2005, Palawan and the highly urbanized city of Puerto Princesa were moved to the region of Western Visayas by Executive Order No. 429.
However, on August 19, 2005, then-President Arroyo issued Administrative Order No. 129 to hold the earlier EO 429 in abeyance pending a review.
This document provides information about the Climate Resilience Infrastructure Development Facility (CRIDF) in Southern Africa and the water resources and infrastructure needs in the region. It summarizes that CRIDF is a new infrastructure support program in Southern Africa implemented by DFID to deliver water-related infrastructure projects and build climate resilience. It describes the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, variations in water resources, reliance on hydropower, impacts of climate change, and strategies around developing infrastructure for water storage, irrigation, and power generation.
MIMAROPA is an administrative region of the Philippines made up of 5 provinces - Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan. It has a total area of 29,621 sq km and population of over 2.7 million people. The main economic activities are agriculture, fishing, logging, and tourism. The region contains diverse landscapes from islands to mountains.
MIMAROPA is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region IV-B. It is one of two regions in the country having no land border with another region, the other being Eastern Visayas. The name is an acronym combination of its constituent provinces, which are: Mindoro (divided into Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro), Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan. The region is also formally known as the Southern Tagalog Islands.
Calapan City is the regional center. However, most regional government offices such as the Department of Public Works and Highways are in the city of Quezon in Metro Manila.
The region was part of the now-defunct Southern Tagalog region until May 17, 2002.[4] On May 23, 2005, Palawan and the highly urbanized city of Puerto Princesa were moved to the region of Western Visayas by Executive Order No. 429.
However, on August 19, 2005, then-President Arroyo issued Administrative Order No. 129 to hold the earlier EO 429 in abeyance pending a review.
The document discusses environmental management and provides definitions. It defines environmental management as the management of human interaction with and impact on the environment. It also discusses carrying capacity, environmental resources, pollution, and environmental management systems. Specifically, it defines an environmental management system as the management of an organization's environmental programs in a comprehensive and planned manner. It also outlines the 17 requirements of the ISO 14001:2004 standard for environmental management systems.
Marinduque is a province located in the Philippines known as "the heart of the Philippines". It has an area of 952.58 km2 and a population of around 234,521. The capital and largest city is Boac. Major tourist attractions include Mount Malindig volcano, Boac Cathedral, Marinduque Wildlife Sanctuary, and the Moriones Festival held annually. The economy relies on agriculture including rice and coconuts, fishing, and butterfly farming for export.
The document discusses Bangladesh's blue economy, which refers to using ocean resources for economic growth. It describes how Bangladesh gained maritime territory through boundary disputes, opening opportunities in shipping, fisheries, tourism, and renewable energy. Specific opportunities mentioned include utilizing the country's increased maritime territory and fisheries for food security, developing offshore wind and tidal energy, expanding shipping and transportation, and growing the coastal tourism industry. Challenges include developing sustainable practices and building research capabilities in deep sea resources that Bangladesh currently lacks. In conclusion, properly harnessing blue economy resources could help solve Bangladesh's economic problems of unemployment, energy shortages, and low GDP.
Region 3, located in central Luzon, Philippines, is composed of 7 provinces - Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales. It has a total area of 18,230.8 square kilometers and is the largest rice producing region in the country. The region has a diverse landscape ranging from coastal areas to mountains. It also has a variety of cultural festivals, historical sites, natural attractions, and is known for industries like agriculture, aquaculture, and manufacturing. The largest city and regional center is San Fernando, Pampanga.
- Palawan is an archipelagic province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. Its capital is Puerto Princesa City, which governs independently from the province.
- The province has a total land area of 14,649.73 square kilometers and is made up of over 1,780 islands and islets. It has a diverse landscape that includes rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, and the second longest underground river in the world.
- The economy relies on agriculture including crops like palay and corn, as well as fishing, logging, and tourism focused on its natural attractions like El Nido Marine Reserve.
Water management is a global issue and it is the prime duty of all the people to save and conserve water so that it can be passed on safely to the future generation. Viewers please watch the ppt and leave your likes and comments.
The presentation provides an overview of the Sundarbans mangrove forest located in Bangladesh. It introduces the group members giving the presentation and provides a preview of the topics to be covered, which include the location, ecology, flora and fauna, tourism, ecosystem services, threats, and management challenges of the Sundarbans. It highlights that the Sundarbans is home to the Bengal tiger and faces threats from sea level rise, pollution, and development projects, and discusses some ways to combat these issues and protect the ecosystem.
Sustainability principles and its application resort managementAMALDASKH
This document discusses sustainability principles and their application to resort management. It defines sustainability and its economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Specific sustainability practices for resorts are outlined, including optimizing guest numbers, generating profits for best practices, prioritizing the local community, reducing pollution through renewable energy and organic farming, and implementing eco-friendly construction and operations. Oyster Island resort is provided as a case study of a sustainable resort practice in India.
Bacteriological Analysis of Water & Chlorination of Boreholes/WellsTom Mahin
This document provides an overview of a training on bacteriological analysis of water and chlorination of boreholes/wells held in Zimbabwe in July 2016. The training covered topics such as types of indicator bacteria, collecting water samples, using DelAgua kits to analyze bacteria samples, compartment bag tests, chlorinating boreholes/wells, and testing chlorine residual, pH and turbidity in the field. Sections discussed the importance of indicator bacteria, proper sampling techniques, preparing and incubating samples using DelAgua kits, alternative testing methods, chlorine dosing calculations, and links to online training videos. The goal of the training was to teach practical water testing and borehole disinfection methods.
Dams,types of dams,working of dams,benefits of dams,costs of damMUBARAKALI111
The document discusses dams, including their history, types, benefits, and costs. It provides details on:
- The rapid increase in large dam construction during the 20th century, with over 45,000 large dams built globally by the end of the century.
- The main types of dams - embankment dams made of earth/rock fill and concrete dams made of mass concrete.
- The key benefits of dams including water supply, flood control, hydropower, irrigation, and recreation.
- Some costs associated with dams and the complex relationship between climate change and dams.
- Saint Martin's Island is the only coral island in Bangladesh, located about 35 km from Teknaf in the northeastern Bay of Bengal.
- The document identifies several problems on the island like illegal fishing practices damaging coral reefs, lack of waste management, and unregulated tourism.
- Recommendations include establishing protected areas, alternative livelihoods for locals, research on marine resources, and sustainable tourism management.
Sustainable tourism in small islands and its challenges to sustainabilityAMALDASKH
The document discusses the challenges of sustainable tourism development in small island destinations. It notes that while islands are popular tourism destinations due to their unique environments and cultures, their small size and fragile ecosystems make them highly vulnerable to negative impacts from tourism. The document then focuses on the example of Lakshadweep islands, India. It outlines the islands' policies for promoting high-value, low-volume ecotourism based on carrying capacity to preserve environmental and cultural heritage while providing economic benefits. Waste disposal and water pollution from tourism are identified as key sustainability issues.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
Coastal Degradation and fresh water pollution in sri lankaIsuru Zoysa
Coastal degradation and pollution are significant problems for Sri Lanka due to its long coastline and reliance on coastal areas for population settlement and tourism. Unplanned development has accelerated erosion and pollution issues. Fresh water pollution is also a concern due to urbanization, industrialization, pesticide usage, and some tourism activities. Improper management of urban and industrial waste further compounds the pollution problems. Recommendations include stronger regulations and enforcement, pollution prevention and mitigation efforts, sustainable tourism development, and additional research.
Coastal Zone and Small Island States (SIDS) Tourism Planning and Development represents some of the greatest potential travel experiences but also some of the most challenging planning procedures. Potential beach and dune erosion, rising sea levels and accompanying surges, wetland biodiversity protection and marine debris reduction are factors to be integrated into the comprehensive planning and development process. Furthermore approximately 75% of all tourism activities take place in the coastal areas creating pressure on the terrestrial and marine resources. Ecoplan:net has contributed to the tourism planning and development of coastal zones in Asia, Micronesia, North, south and Central Americas and Africa including the southern Red Sea Region.
Beach resorts features and environmental impactsAMALDASKH
This document discusses the environmental impacts of beach resorts and how they can be managed sustainably. It notes that while beach resorts provide economic benefits, they can also negatively impact the environment through pollution, waste, and habitat destruction. The document then provides several recommendations for sustainable management, including establishing beach management committees, applying coastal zone management principles, properly disposing of waste and recycling, maintaining water quality standards, and educating visitors and the local community.
Prospect of Marine Tourism in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities Towards...CIFOR-ICRAF
Indonesia is promoting marine tourism and aims to become a leader in sustainable tourism. It has the potential to be a prime marine tourism destination due to its long coastline and many islands. However, challenges like waste management and emissions need to be addressed. Indonesia has implemented several programs like Sustainable Tourism Destination, Observatory, and Certification to promote sustainability. These programs establish criteria for sustainable practices in areas like environmental protection, community engagement, and the economy. The goal is for Indonesia to become a low carbon destination through climate adaptation, emission reduction, and quality experiences for tourists.
Development of an Indonesian Sea Grant Partnership ProgramOregon Sea Grant
Indonesia's Sea Partnership Program (SPP) provides a mechanism for addressing gaps in marine resource management at central and regional levels. SPP matches national strategic priorities with regional development issues through partnerships between regional universities, local governments, NGOs, and the private sector. The program was established in 2002 and had expanded to involve over 86 universities, 39 private institutions, and 77 NGOs across 33 provinces by 2010.
Developing an Environmentally Responsible Tourism Strategy for Tanintharyi Re...Ethical Sector
MCRB and FFI co-hosted a two-day multistakeholder workshop on sustainable and responsible tourism in Tanintharyi, over two days in Dawei on 19 and 20 December.
Read more: http://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/sustainable-tourism-workshop-tanintharyi.html
3 dr andrea valentin responsible tourism in tanintharyiEthical Sector
MCRB and FFI began a week of multistakeholder workshops on sustainable tourism in Tanintharyi with a two day discussion focussed on Myeik District at the J&J Hotel on 15/16 May attended by around 60 local people involved in the tourism industry, and international and Myanmar tourism experts.
Read more: http://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/tanintharyi-tourism-workshops.html
The document outlines a lecture on coastal resource assessment and management in the Philippines. It discusses the importance of coastal resources, participatory coastal resource assessment (PCRA), and different monitoring methods used in PCRA like manta tow surveys, transect surveys, and fish visual censuses. These methods are used to collect data on coastal habitats, fisheries, and socioeconomic factors to identify issues and inform management guidelines. The lecture aims to familiarize participants with PCRA and apply participatory methods in an actual coastal assessment.
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The adverse impact of tourism on coral reefs an analysis based on hikkaduwa marine national park
1. The Adverse Impact of
Tourism on Coral Reefs: An
Analysis Based on
Hikkaduwa Marine National
Park
ECON 4165.03
Environmental Economics
2. Presentation Structure
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Significance of the Study
2. Problem Statement
3. Objectives of the Study
4. Data and Analysis
5. Results and Discussion
6. Conclusion
7.Policy Recommendations
8. References
3. Introduction
BACKGROUND
• Tourism can be identified as the movement of people from their permanent place to
their preferred destination outside temporarily to have some leisure and to release their
stress that gained from their usual lifestyle.
• Sri Lanka is one of main countries in the world which surrounded by beautiful sandy
beaches and other natural destinations which has attracted the tourists around the globe.
4. 12.8%
SRI LANKAN TOURISM IS IDENTIFIED AS THE THIRD
ECONOMIC SECTOR IN GENERATING INCOME FOR
THE NATION
4.28%
IT IS GROWING AT AN ANNUAL RATE
5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• Even though the tourism industry has made a positive impact to the country’s economy, it
has been generating some negative impacts to the environment at large.
• In Sri Lanka most of the coastal tourist destinations have been met with different types of
social and environmental problems.
• Here, under this study we have given our special consideration towards one of main coastal
tourism hub of Sri Lanka, Hikkaduwa marine national park.
• Hikkaduwa area is very famous for diving and snorkeling, which has a negative impact
towards the coral and the lives on corals, the boats which use to watch coral tend to make
damages on grown coral reefs and the waste that have been released by the near guest
houses lead to damage and reduce the speed of growing corals and also threats the lives on
coral reefs.
6. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The most Stunning Coral Reefs are seen in Hikkaduwa area.
Around sixty-eight forms of corals are known in the marine
environment of Hikkaduwa and around three hundred species lived
in these ecosystems.
However, tourism is implicated to be one of the major causes of
coral reef degradation.
Previous studies consider the unintended impacts of tourism on
coral reefs such as,
Breakage of coral colonies and tissue damage from direct
contact such as walking, touching, kicking, standing, or gear
contact.
7. • Impacts from poorly planned coastal development and overharvesting of marine life to
support tourism-associated businesses.
• Breakage or overturning of coral colonies and tissue damage from boat anchors.
• Changes in marine life behavior from feeding or harassment by humans.
• Invasive species
• Trash and debris deposited in the marine environment
Since limited studies addressed the impact of tourism on coral reefs in Hikkaduwa
Marine National Park, the focus of this study is to demonstrate the adverse effects
of tourism industry on coral reefs including the pollution from sediment and
chemicals.
8. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
CHALLENGES OF TOURSIM
The main objective of this study is to
identify the Environmental challenges of
Coastal Tourism in Hikkaduwa area
CAUSES FOR THE CORALS
Identify the causes for the coral reefs and
lives on corals of Hikkaduwa area
SUGGESTING POLICIES
Suggest the policies and recommendations that could
be implement in order to reduce the damages to
marine, corals and coral lives while using the
resources in the area to reduce the environmental
issues.
ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS
Analyze the ecological benefits of the tourism
industry as well as to find the negative and diverse
effects on the corals.
9. DATA ANALYSIS
Study Area:
Hikkaduwa Marine National Park, located in the Galle
District, Sothern Province, Sri Lanka.
Google Earth pictures used for identification of the
location.
Analysis is based on both qualitative and quantitative data.
Analysis paper is suppooted by Secondary data such as,
• Books
• Journals
• Publication
• Articles
• Web articles.
10.
11. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• Hikkaduwa is not only renown for its golden beach but also it is the
home to some of the best coral gardens in Asia . Due to this under-
water world of exotic Hikkaduwa coral reef, Sri Lanka has been able
to attract millions of tourists to the country.
• Hikkaduwa is one of the fast developing and investors hub of foreign
and local people. Therefore, the government of Sri Lanka has taken
environmentally friendly policies to develop and protect the
environment that has been exposed by the tourism industry.
• Even though these policies could positively impact to preserve the
coral reef, cannot disregard the negative impact the tourism has on
the Hikkaduwa coral reef.
12. • Hikkaduwa has become a firm fixture on the Sri Lankan tourist map since 1970’s as tourists get to
snorkel around corals, swim with turtles, luminescent fish and reef shark and many more.
• When Hikkaduwa became a tourist attraction, the area was declared as a wildlife sanctuary on
May 18, 1979, and later was upgraded to a nature reserve with extended land area on August 14,
1988
• Due to the growing no. of visitors in next 25 years, it eventually increased the degradation of
the coral reef. Thus, on September 19, 2002, the reef was declared a national park.
• As a protective measure, Coast Conservation (Amendment) Act 1988 was imposed due to the
gradual increase in tourists. Further, under this act, Coast Conservation Management Plan was
implemented in 1990 to reduce the effects to the ecosystem.
• Moreover, the area has been the focus of the Special Area Management Program (SAM) since
1992.
Positive impact on tourism on Hikkaduwa coral Reef
13. Negative impact on Tourism on Hikkaduwa Coral Reefs
Hikkaduwa is a key example of what developing tourism can do to an untouched island
treasure. The communities around this area, hotels, business, and glass bottomed boats are
some of threats to the coral reef. Due to all these changes, now Hikkaduwa coral reef is
degenerating.
• Snorkeling
Snorkeling on coral reefs causes damage to corals as snorkelers and divers often stand and
walk over corals in the shallows.
• Due Diving in marine sanctuaries
to lack of proper training ,Divers may harm the corals unintentionally.
14. • Glass bottomed boats.
Inexperienced boat handlers grounding on reefs can cause damage to shallow areas.
• Collecting Corals
Collecting corals and shells by tourists as souvenirs may cause a long-term alteration to its
marine communities.
• Pollution
Impacts from land -based sources of pollution – including tourism development, hotels and
other businesses discharging waste and oil and chemical spills can impede coral growth.
16. CONCLUSION
• Tourism industry is considered as a supportive industry and is perceived as an imperative
step to accomplish sustainable development especially marine and coastal tourism.
• Hikkaduwa National Park is very famous among tourists for its natural attractions such as
wide clean sandy beaches, coral gardens, and ocean with crystal clear water
• However tourism has put enormous pressure on this area and caused natural habitat loss,
soil erosion, increased pollution, and increased pressure on endangered species.
• Unfortunately lack of proper tourism management plan and varieties of human activities
have led to the degradation of the coral reef within this area so based on the findings of
the research, following policy recommendations are suggested.
17. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
Current Laws
• Fauna and Flora Protection Act
• The Coastal Conservation Act
• The Marine Pollution Prevention Act
• The Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act
• National Environmental Act
Institutional Measures
• The Coast Conservation Department
• National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency
(NARA)
• Marine Pollution and Prevention Authority
• Central Environmental Authority
• Ceylon Tourist Board
18. Improvements which can be proposed to the Current Legal System
• The export of coral becomes punishable only by payment of a fine. So fines will not be an
effective deterrent. So strict imprisonments will be an effective solution.
• There are lots of laws related to coral reefs, with other aquatic resources. But the protection
of coral reefs can be brought under a specific act.
• And all statutes create some body or person to carry out their provisions. So it’s better
to bring everything relating to the coral reefs under one body.
• The Coast Conservation and Coastal Resource Management Department would possibly be
a good choice.
• Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act No. 2 of 1996 has given the power to the Minister
to declare any area of Sri Lanka as a fisheries reserve. Thus it’s better if this power can be
given to an authority like the CCD.
19. • Authorities should give a well-structured guideline to the tourists including responsible
Snorkeling tips.
• Since one of the causes of coral reef break-up is the tourists walking on the reefs, this should
be prohibited by legal enforcements.
• Most of the damages to the corals reefs are caused by inexperienced boat handlers of Glass
bottomed boats. Thus it’s necessary to hire experienced boat handlers.
• Regulate stricter regulations on the number of boats and the fuel they use, the areas,
which they would be able to traverse, and more environmentally-friendly specifications of
the boasts themselves.
• The guidelines of Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA) about the solid waste
storage and disposal methods for resorts guidelines should be strict and increased in order to
reduce water pollution.
General Policy Recommendations
20. The government should introduce and enforce environmental taxes, and facilitate and
provide incentives to those businesses that may employ green and low carbon
technologies.
Improve efforts and develop low carbon tourism model.
Trade permits must be issued to those urge to engage in environmental friendly
commercial activities.
Enforce strictly the current laws against the use of explosives, coral mining, and illegal
types of fishing gear, and collection of species of fauna and flora under threat.
Launch education creation and awareness programs for different target groups.
What the Government can do?
21. Promoting investment in activities which promote
the sustainable use of coastal resources.
Identification of short term and long term data
collection, research needs, and initiate and
strengthen research programs.
The government should develop and apply feasible
methods for waste disposal from tourist hotels.
22. What the Private Sector can do?
Private parties should aware that coral conservation is a matter of concern to them also.
Sri Lankan policy framework should be enhanced to promote their participation.
Legislative and lease hold mechanisms should be formulated to attract private sector
participation in ecotourism.
What the Community, and NGOs can do?
The community should be motivated to conserve coral reefs.
NGOs play a significant role in the conservation in Sri Lanka`s coastal resources. To
improve their participation, their institutional capability should be strengthen and more
resources should be provided.
Commence awareness programs and launch education creation.
Community based conservation projects for “ecotourism” have to be developed and
managed with due care.
23. REFERENCES
Alister,M., & Geoffrey, W. (1982). Tourism- Economic, Physical and social impact. Long man group limited.
can they
coexist?
Jobbins, G (2006) Tourism and coral -reef based conservation:
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based_conversation_can_they_coexist (Accessed 20th June 2021)
Lonne, T (2009) A Scuba Diver’s Impact on a coral reef [online] https://www.divein.com/articles/a-scuba-
divers-impact-on-a-coral-reef/ (Accessed 20th June 2021)
Lesley pender & Richard Sharpley. (2005). The management of tourism. SAGE Publication Ltd, London,
Thousand Osaks, New Delhi.
Monagurusamy, P & Dhanasiri, A (2015) Corals at Risk: The Need for Protection [online]
https://elaw.org/content/sri-lanka-corals-risk-need-protection (Accessed 20th June 2021)
24. Macdonald, S., 2020. The Unintended Impacts of Tourism on Coral Reefs — WOMEN IN OCEAN
SCIENCE. [online] WOMEN IN OCEAN SCIENCE. Availableat:
<https://www.womeninoceanscience.com/blog/2020/5/26/the-unintended-impacts-of-tourism-on-coral-
reefs> [Accessed 21 June 2021].
oceanservice.noaa.gov (2021) How does land- based pollution threaten coral reefs?
[online]https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral-pollution.html (Accessed 20th June)
Reefresilience.org. 2021. Tourism and Recreational Impacts | Reef Resilience. [online] Available at:
<https://reefresilience.org/stressors/local-stressors/coral-reefs-tourism-and-recreational-impacts/>
[Accessed 21 June 2021].
Wikipedia.org Hikkaduwa National Park
[online]https://en.wikipedia.or/wiki/Hikkaduwa_National_Park (Accessed 20th June 2021)
Sea space that enclosed Sri Lanka is made with coral reefs. However, the most stunning coral are seen in Hikkaduwa. Around sixty-eight forms of corals are known in the marine environment of Hikkaduwa and around three hundred species lived in these ecosystems. However, tourism is implicated to be one of the major causes of coral reef degradation.