Different Types of Financial Ratios

1. 1
Understanding Your Financial
Statements
Dennis L. Thompson, CPA, CFE
206-390-9432
www.dlthompsoncpa.com
Financial Statements-Compass
For Your Business
• Ultimate Goal of Accounting System
• Best Friend or Worst Enemy
• Tells You Where Your Company
– Has Been
– Where It Is Now
– Where It Is Going

2. 2
Categories of Financial
Statements
• Income Statement
– Where You Have Been
• Balance Sheet
– Where You Are Now
• Cash Flow Projection & Budgets
– Where You Are Going
Recommended Reading-
Jim Schell

3. 3
Profit & Loss
• Measures Business Activity Over a Period
of Time
• Income & Expense Accounts Are
Temporary & Closed to Retained Earnings
• Expenses Can Be Classified As Variable or
Fixed
• Most Useful If Compared to Different
Periods
Profit & Loss – One Year
Variable Expenses
Gross Margin

4. 4
Profit & Loss - Comparison
Profit & Loss – By Job

5. 5
Balance Sheet - Assets
Balance Sheet-Liabilities &Equity

6. 6
Balance Sheet - Comparison
Balance Sheet - Comparison

7. 7
Statement of Cash Flows
Increase
Increase
Increase
Decrease
Decrease
Sales By Customer Summary

8. 8
Accounts Rec – Aging Analysis
Purchase By Vendor Summary

9. 9
Accounts Pay – Aging Analysis
Budgets
• Why Budget
– Forces You to Think & Plan About Your
Business
– Sets Expectations for Employees
– Early Warning System
– Can Help Detect Fraud

10. 10
Budgets
Budget Vs Actual

11. 11
Never Run Out of Cash
Never Run Out of Cash-
Philip Campbell

12. 12
Sample Cash Flow Projection P1
Sample Cash Flow Projection P2

13. 13
Summary
• Financial Statements Reflect the Health of
Your Business
• Primary Audiences
– External – IRS, State, Banks, Investors
– Internal – You – To Help Manage
Business
• Most Problems Don’t Happen Overnight
• Financial Statements Serve as Early
Warning
Summary
• Financial Statements Must Be Analyzed
and Acted Upon
• It is Difficult to Be Successful in the Game
of Business if You Don’t Know How to Keep
Score