This document discusses key scientific concepts and the scientific process. It explains that the scientific process begins with asking questions and developing hypotheses, then conducting experiments to collect data and make observations. The results must be observable, measurable, and repeatable. Some common elements of the scientific process are identifying variables, measuring impacts, and determining cause and effect relationships. The document also discusses how scientists organize components into logical systems and hierarchies. It notes that understanding variation, change, and diversity in natural elements provides insights. Finally, it briefly touches on the field of materials science, which designs new materials through an interdisciplinary approach combining various fields of science and engineering.

1. UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE
CONCEPTS AND MATERIALS
DIANNA MAY C. MACAPULAY

2. Basic scientific concepts
- Provide insight into how
everything is connected.
- Helps you have a better
understanding of science-related
material that you hear, read or
discuss, as well as the elements of
scientific inquiry.

3. Scientific Process
- Scientists learn and
gain knowledge with
observations and
experiments.

4. The scientific process begins with posing
a question, developing a hypothesis and
making educated predictions.
Experiments, data evaluation, making
adjustments and confirming results
follow. Scientific results must be
observable, measurable and repeatable.

5. Common elements of
the scientific process
include identifying,
measuring and
cause and effect.

6. Importance: it eliminates
personal biases and can
change what others decide
to believe, according to the
Science Integration Institute
website.

7. Organization and Systems
Organizing objects and phenomena
into a logical order helps individuals
understand a subject’s complexity or
place in a list of hierarchies. For
example, plants and animals are
organized by kingdom, phylum, class,
order, family, genus and species.

8. Scientists also organize
various components into
systems. A solar system, for
instance, contains a sun,
planets, moons, dwarf planets
and comets.

9. Variation, Change and Diversity
Variation observed in elements helps
individuals understand the distinctive
properties found in objects. By
understanding these differences or how
elements change, individuals can better
predict the outcome of modifications.

10. e.G
The Department of Education offers
the example of exposing water to
heat or freezing temperatures,
which can cause it to freeze and
expand, evaporate or boil.

11. Understanding diversity in the
natural world gives better insight
into how ecosystems work and
depend on different elements to
carry out their intended functions.

12. Scale
The use of scale quantifies
measurable items. Each type of
scale has its own respective units
of measurement. Thermometers,
for example, ( Fahrenheit, Celsius
or Kelvin scales).

13. Scientists use relative scale
to help others understand a
concept related to size and
maintain the proportions in
question.

14. Materials science
The interdisciplinary field of materials science,
also commonly termed materials science and
engineering is the design and discovery of new
materials, particularly solids. The intellectual
origins of materials science stem from the
Enlightenment, when researchers began to use
analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and
engineering to understand ancient,
phenomenological observations in metallurgy
and mineralogy

15. Materials science is a syncretic
discipline hybridizing metallurgy,
ceramics, solid-state physics, and
chemistry. It is the first example
of a new academic discipline
emerging by fusion rather than
fission.

16. Materials scientists emphasize
understanding how the history
of a material (its processing)
influences its structure, and
thus the material's properties
and performance.

17. THANK YOU!