understanding our criminal justice system for class 8 for kendriya vidyalaya gives an overview about the lesson. definition of judge, FIR, cognizable offence, defence lawyer, public prosecutor etc. Article 22 and article 21 are clearly explained. Duties of police are also mentioned.

1. UNDERSTANDING OUR CRIMINAL
JUSTICE SYSTEM
THE POWER OF JUDICIARY AND THE
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
PRESENTED BY:
P CHIRANJITH PRABHU
CLASS VIII, KV EZHIMALA

3. WHAT DOES ARTICLE 22 SAY ?
Article 22 of the Indian constitution guarantees every person of our
nation, to be defended by a lawyer . This article guarantees these
rights to the arrestee or the arrested person.
• Right to be informed.
• Right to be presented before the magistrate within 24 hrs of arrest.
• Right not to be ill treated or torture during the arrest or in the
custody.
• Confessions made in police station cannot be used as evidences.
• A boy under 15 yrs of age and a woman cannot be called for only
questioning.

4. WHAT DOES ARTICLE 39 SAY ?
Article 39A of the Indian constitution places a duty upon the state to
provide a person with a lawyer if he/she is unable to hire a lawyer due
to poverty or other disabilities.
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF POLICE ?
• Investigate any complaint about the commissions of a the crime.
• An investigation includes recording statements of witnesses and
collecting evidences related to the offence.
• On the basis of the investigation the police are required to form an
opinion.
• If the police thinks that the evidences point to the guilt of a person
then they file a chargesheet in the court

5. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF A JUDGE?
• The judge conducts trial impartially and in an open court .
• The judge hears all the witnesses and evidences presented by
the prosecution and defence.
• It is the judge who decides whether a person is guilty or
innocent according to the law and evidences.
• If the accused is convicted then the judge pronounces sentence
depending on what the law prescribes . It is known as the
verdict.

6. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF A PUBLIC PROSECUTOR?
In the court the public prosecutor represents the state. His/her
duty is to act impartially and present the full and material facts,
witnesses and evidences of the crime before the court.
WHAT IS A FAIR TRIAL ?
Article 21 of the constitution guarantees the RIGHT TO LIFE
states that a persons life and liberty can be only taken away by
following reasonable and just legal procedure. A fair trial ensures
that the Article 21 of the Indian constitution is upheld.

7. D K BASU’S GUIDELINES
BY SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
THAT MUST BE FOLLOWED BY THE POLICE DURING ARREST ,DETENTION AND INTERROGATION
The police official should wear clean and accurate name tags along with
there designations.
A memo of arrest should be prepared that includes time , date and signature
of the arrestee.
The arrestee has the right to inform any of his kith and kins .
If the friends or relatives are living outside the district then the time ,place of
arrest and venue of custody should be notified by the police within 24 hrs.

8. FIR FIRST INFORMATION REPORT
An FIR is prepared by the police when they receive information about
a cognisable event .The victim or someone on his /her behalf can
prepare the FIR to the police either orally or written.
If it is a non cognisable offence then the police will file a Community
Service Register.

9. WHAT IS A COGNISABLE EVENT ?
In this offence the police official has the authority to make an arrest without a
warrant. The police are also allowed to start an investigation with or without the
permission of a court.
Now ,what are the contents of an FIR ?
The contents of an FIR are ;date , time and place of the offence , description
and facts about the offence , identity of the accused person and the witnesses
,and , name and address of the complainant.
The complainant has a legal right to get a copy of FIR from the
police.

10.  Wearing the dress or carrying any token used by a soldier, sailor or airman with intent
that it may be believed that he is such a soldier, sailor or airman.
 Rioting armed with deadly weapon.
 Hiring, engaging or employing person to take part in an unlawful assembly or taking
part in self.
 Being or expecting to be a public servant, and taking, and taking a gratification other
than legal remuneration in respect of an official act.
 Public servant obtaining any valuable thinks, without consideration, from a person
concerned in any proceeding or business transacted by such public servant.
 Counterfeiting, or performing any pat of the process of counterfeiting Indian coin.
 Having possession of a counterfeit government stamp.
 Making or selling false weights or measures for fraudulent use.
 Negligently doing any act known to be likely to spread infection of any disease
dangerous to life.
 Causing a disturbance to an assembly engaged in religious worships.
Examples for cognisable offence

11. ROLE OF JUDICIARY
 DISPUTE RESOLUTION
 JUDICIAL REVIEW
 UPHOLDING LAWS AND ENFORCING FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

13. GLOSSARY
• CONFESSIONS : a formal statement admitting that one is
guilty of a crime.
• Chargesheet: a formal statement admitting that one is
guilty of a crime.
• VERDICT :a decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal
case a decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal
case

14. COURTESY
• Various websites……..
• NCERT Class VIII Textbook…….
• My Teachers, Friends & Parents ………

15. THANK YOU