Criminal Justice System In India
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The police investigate crimes by recording witness statements and collecting evidence. If the evidence points to a person's guilt, they file a charge sheet in court. For a fair trial, procedures must be followed like giving the accused a copy of the charges, holding an open trial in their presence where their lawyer can cross-examine witnesses, and the judge announces the sentence according to law.
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The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is the procedural law providing the machinery for punishment of offenders under substantive criminal law.
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Police station report
The document summarizes Avinash's visit to the Police Station South Rohini in Delhi. It includes an acknowledgement, details of the 3-day visit in October 2011, and its purpose to understand police organization and functioning. The document describes the organizational structure of police from state level down to police station. It provides observations of the reception area, duty officer, investigation room, records room, police property storage, computer and wireless rooms, and lock-ups in the police station. It also explains case diary preparation and personal observations from the visit.
Cognizable and non cognizable offence
This document defines and compares cognizable and non-cognizable offenses. Cognizable offenses allow the police to independently investigate and make arrests without court approval, are non-bailable, and include crimes like murder, rape, and theft. Non-cognizable offenses require court permission for investigation and arrests, are bailable, and include crimes like forgery, cheating, and assault. The key difference is whether the police have autonomous power to investigate or require court approval.
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Criminal Justice System
The document discusses the criminal justice system in India. It defines the criminal justice system and outlines its key objectives of preventing crime, punishing criminals, rehabilitating offenders, and maintaining law and order. It then describes the branches (legislative, judicial, executive), major components (police, courts, corrections), key players (police, prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges) and processes involved in the criminal justice system. It also compares the inquisitorial and adversarial approaches and discusses ways to improve the criminal justice system in India.
National Crime Record Bureau
The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) was formed in 1986 to collect and analyze crime data in India. It aims to equip police with information technology and criminal intelligence to help enforce laws and protect citizens. NCRB works to establish national databases on crime and criminals, compile national crime statistics, guide police IT development, and train police forces. It oversees systems like CCTNS, which creates central and state crime databases and enables information sharing between police stations.
Functions, Roles and Duties of Police in General
The document outlines the general roles, functions, and duties of the police. It discusses how police are expected to uphold the law impartially and protect citizens. The key responsibilities of police include maintaining law and order, preventing and investigating crimes, collecting intelligence, assisting the public, regulating traffic, and performing emergency response duties. Police are also responsible for enforcing various social laws and maintaining essential services as declared by the government. Senior officers can perform the duties of subordinate officers when necessary. In total, the document identifies 12 broad categories of police duties ranging from investigation to order maintenance to social legislation enforcement.
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CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is the procedural law providing the machinery for punishment of offenders under substantive criminal law.
The code contains elaborate details about the procedure to be followed in every investigation, inquiry and trial, for every offence under the IPC or any other law.
Police station report
The document summarizes Avinash's visit to the Police Station South Rohini in Delhi. It includes an acknowledgement, details of the 3-day visit in October 2011, and its purpose to understand police organization and functioning. The document describes the organizational structure of police from state level down to police station. It provides observations of the reception area, duty officer, investigation room, records room, police property storage, computer and wireless rooms, and lock-ups in the police station. It also explains case diary preparation and personal observations from the visit.
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The document discusses the criminal justice system in India. It defines the criminal justice system and outlines its key objectives of preventing crime, punishing criminals, rehabilitating offenders, and maintaining law and order. It then describes the branches (legislative, judicial, executive), major components (police, courts, corrections), key players (police, prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges) and processes involved in the criminal justice system. It also compares the inquisitorial and adversarial approaches and discusses ways to improve the criminal justice system in India.
National Crime Record Bureau
The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) was formed in 1986 to collect and analyze crime data in India. It aims to equip police with information technology and criminal intelligence to help enforce laws and protect citizens. NCRB works to establish national databases on crime and criminals, compile national crime statistics, guide police IT development, and train police forces. It oversees systems like CCTNS, which creates central and state crime databases and enables information sharing between police stations.
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An FIR is a First Information Report filed with the police when they learn about a cognizable criminal offense. It initiates the criminal justice process by allowing the police to begin an investigation. Anyone who is aware of a cognizable crime can file an FIR, whether they are a victim or witness. The FIR must contain key details like the names of those involved, date/time/location of the incident. If the police refuse to register an FIR, one can file a complaint with higher-ranking police officials to compel the investigation.
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The document discusses the key players in India's criminal justice system: the police, public prosecutor, defense lawyer, and judge. It describes the role of the police in investigating crimes by recording witness statements and collecting evidence. If the evidence points to guilt, the police file charges in court. The public prosecutor represents the state and conducts prosecutions impartially. The judge conducts trials impartially, hears evidence from both sides, and determines guilt or innocence based on the law. A fair trial requires procedures like being held in public view with the accused defended by a lawyer.
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The document provides an overview of criminal justice systems around the world and in Pakistan. It discusses the adversarial system used in common law countries where two advocates argue their positions before an impartial judge or jury. It also describes the inquisitorial system used in countries like Germany and France where the judge plays an active role in investigating the case. The document then discusses the Mughal judicial system and its hierarchy of courts at the imperial, provincial, district, and local levels. It finally outlines the key organs of Pakistan's current adversarial criminal justice system: investigation, prosecution, judiciary, and corrections.
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Police officers have several powers to investigate cases in India according to the Code of Criminal Procedure. [1] Officers can investigate cognizable cases without a court order. They can examine witnesses and request their attendance. [2] For non-cognizable cases, a magistrate's order is required. Police must submit investigation reports detailing facts and witnesses. [3] If further evidence is found, additional reports can be submitted. Searches and arrests can occur based on reasonable grounds. Overall the document outlines police investigation procedures in India according to the Code of Criminal Procedure.
Police (FIR)
An FIR is a First Information Report filed with the police when they learn about a cognizable criminal offense. It initiates the criminal justice process by allowing the police to begin an investigation. Anyone who is aware of a cognizable crime can file an FIR, whether they are a victim or witness. The FIR must contain key details like the names of those involved, date/time/location of the incident. If the police refuse to register an FIR, one can file a complaint with higher-ranking police officials to compel the investigation.
code of criminal procedure
The document summarizes key aspects of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) in India, including:
1) The CrPC enacted in 1973 provides the process for investigating crimes, apprehending suspects, collecting evidence, determining guilt, and punishments.
2) It also addresses public nuisances, crime prevention, and maintenance of family. The Act has 484 sections divided into 37 chapters.
3) The summary outlines the procedure after a crime from filing an FIR to police investigation and filing charges. It also describes the powers of police during interrogation and arresting individuals.
The Elements of a Crime
To be found guilty of a criminal offence in Canada, two elements must be proven: actus reus (the physical act) and mens rea (the mental element of intent). The Crown prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused committed the prohibited act (actus reus) with criminal intent or knowledge (mens rea). Some regulatory offences are strict liability, requiring only proof of the act, while absolute liability offences do not consider intent at all.
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This document provides an overview of the examination and forensic value of blood evidence. It discusses the history and principles of forensic blood analysis, the nature and composition of blood, blood grouping techniques, and how blood evidence can be analyzed to determine factors like the species, sex, race and age of the source. It also addresses how blood evidence can provide information about the nature of a crime based on whether the blood is wet or dry, and how blood spatter patterns and locations can reveal details about the position and movements of victims and suspects.
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The hierarchy of criminal courts in India has the Supreme Court at the top, followed by High Courts in each state. Below the High Courts are subordinate criminal courts like Sessions Courts presided over by Sessions Judges. Smaller criminal cases are handled by Judicial Magistrates and Metropolitan Magistrates. Executive Magistrates also have certain powers related to criminal cases. The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal and its decisions are binding on all courts in India. High Courts have appellate and original jurisdiction over criminal cases from subordinate courts in their state.
Structure of Indian judiciary
The Indian judicial system is stratified into several levels with the Supreme Court at the apex, followed by High Courts at the state level, District Courts at the district level, and Lok Adalats at the village level. The Supreme Court, located in Delhi, hears appeals and deals with disputes between states or between the central government and states. High Courts act as courts of appeal for lower courts and can issue writs on fundamental rights violations. Each state has its own High Court overseeing district and lower courts within that state. District Courts, presided over by District Judges, are the principal courts handling civil and criminal cases in their jurisdiction.
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Schools of Criminology
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white collar crime definition extent forms in india
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The criminal justice system involves law enforcement investigating crimes and prosecuting offenders while also protecting citizens' rights. Police conduct investigations by gathering evidence and witness statements. If they believe there is enough evidence, they may recommend charges. Prosecutors then represent the public interest in ensuring prosecutions are conducted fairly and respect defendants' rights. Judges oversee trials and juries determine verdicts. The right to a fair trial is an important legal concept that aims to respect defendants' rights throughout the legal process according to due process.
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Civil and criminal law were discussed in the document. Civil law deals with private legal matters like contracts while criminal law deals with offenses against the public. The key differences are that civil law is governed by substantive laws that define rights and duties, while procedural laws outline the process for civil cases. Criminal law defines offenses and penalties in codes like the IPC, while the CrPC establishes criminal procedures. Some major civil offenses discussed were contracts and torts. Major criminal offenses mentioned were murder, rape, and culpable homicide. The document also covered legal concepts like bail, arrest, trials, and defenses in criminal cases.
Ch 06 understanding our criminal justice system
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Law
This document discusses different types of law and legal systems. It outlines two main types of law: common law and statute law. Common law refers to unwritten laws based on customs and precedents, while statute law is written law passed by a legislative body. Statute law is further divided into civil law, which deals with disputes between individuals or groups, and criminal law, which involves crimes and punishments. The document also discusses legal concepts like courts, plaintiffs, defendants, witnesses, evidence, and the court hierarchy in Pakistan.
The world today is filled with a lot of crime. Therefore, there .docx
The world today is filled with a lot of crime. Therefore, there is need for a legal system that decides on the consequences for such crimes. Criminal justice is a fair system put in place to ensure that everything is safe and fair. It is set up by the government to ensure fairness and justice is served to law breakers. Studying criminal justice opens doors for one to work as criminal investigators and profilers, forensics, police and correctional supervisors, to district attorneys. In my case, I decided to observe a courthouse that handles criminal, traffic and civil cases.
My goal was to be able to witness all working parts of the justice system by watching a criminal trial. I attended the morning court session. I arrived there before the criminal trial began. I came across post-arraignment court. This is the side that makes sure restitution for a crime committed is paid. Before the trial began, lawyers were agreeing on something. There was the judge, the jury, prosecution (district attorney), and the defendant and his lawyers. I observed six important phases of the trial. Both the prosecution and the defense lawyers were given an opportunity to choose a jury they have faith in. This was followed by opening statements from both sides. Witnesses were allowed to testify freely and cross-examined. Then closing arguments were given by both the prosecution and the defense. Afterwards the judge gave the jury instructions on the legal standards needed to make a decision. The last stage was jury deliberation and issuing of a verdict.
The proceeding was smooth and transparent. I talked to various people from parties and they all expressed confidence in our justice system. I was impressed by the fairness in handing witnesses from both the defense and prosecution sides. There was also freedom of expression in the courtroom. Witnesses were sworn based on their religion before testifying. Witness credibility was well examined during cross-examination. The fairness and the opportunity presented for the defendant to present their case beyond reasonable doubt is the reason I love criminal law. I would love to object on open court. The lawyers did it loudly, like Objection!! This experience was a positive confirmation that I enjoy my career and would love to participate in a criminal court.
In summation, attending the trial was a great experience. From my observation practicing law is not only ethical but interesting. This experience has opened my eyes on what organization I would like to join after graduation. On the many doors criminal justice opens, I would like to be a District Attorney. This way, I will be able to ensure balance between protecting the innocent and punishing the guilty.
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Legal procedure in criminal courts in Nepal
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Criminal Justice System In India
- 2. The Role Of Police: One important function of the police is to investigate the complaint about the commission of a crime. An investigation includes recording statement of witnesses and collecting different kinds of evidence. On the basis of the investigation, the police are required to form an opinion. If the evidence points to the guilt of the accused person, then they file a charge sheet in the court.
- 4. For a trial to be fair, several different procedures have to be observed. A fair trial ensures that Article21 of the Constitution is upheld. In a fair trial, the accused person is given a copy of the charge sheet and all other evidence that is presented against her. The trial is held in an open court in a public view. The trial is held in the presence of the accused. The accused is defended by a lawyer. The lawyer is given a chance to cross-examine the prosecution witnesses. After all the procedures, the judge announces the sentence only in accordance with the law.