This document provides an overview of global trends in mobile data usage and LTE technology. It discusses how mobile data is overtaking fixed broadband growth. It also summarizes that LTE aims to provide improved mobile broadband through increased spectral efficiency and simplified network design. Key LTE technologies include OFDMA for downlinks and SC-FDMA for uplinks, as well as support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz. The document compares LTE to 3G technologies and outlines the evolving 3GPP system architecture. Potential LTE applications and current deployment status globally are also summarized.
UK Spectrum Policy Forum – Trevor Faulkes, HS2 - Railway input to UK Spectrum...techUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 2 Meeting – 25 September 2014
Trevor Faulkes, Head of Signalling and Telecommunications, HS2
Railway input to UK Spectrum Policy Forum
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
Michael Calabrese's Presentation at Emerging Communication Conference & Award...eCommConf
The document discusses the myth of spectrum scarcity and argues that spectrum capacity is abundant with 90% of spectrum not in use at any given time and place. It advocates for more opportunistic and flexible access to unused spectrum through cognitive radios and hybrid networks that utilize both licensed carrier networks and unlicensed WiFi. Specifically, it recommends (1) allowing opportunistic access to unused TV white space spectrum through database lookup or sensing, (2) inventorying assigned versus actual spectrum usage to identify more opportunities for sharing, and (3) applying market incentives for license holders to open unused capacity for sharing.
Presented by Debora Gentina, Senior Marketing Manager Huawei – deputizing for Renato Lombardi (VP Microwave Product Line Huawei) Chairman of ETSI ISG mWT
at the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Cluster 2 meeting on 16th Dec.
This document summarizes a workshop on 4G networks in the Arab region that discussed opportunities and challenges for expanding internet access. Key topics included LTE spectrum criteria and requirements, the growth of mobile data traffic and technologies to support it like small cells and MIMO, and mobile backhauling challenges including using microwave and fiber networks. Identifying the appropriate LTE spectrum bands considers the ecosystem, cell radius needed for coverage versus capacity, user distribution, and supporting carrier aggregation and regional radio regulations.
Industry-supported field trials are already demonstrating the viability of many of the
technical concepts in LTE-Advanced. The approach is to increase data rates for all
users, bring more out of small cells, dynamically adapt to network load and use of
more carriers for more speeds. Also there will be unprecedented ecosystem of handset-manufacturer, software-developers and chip-designers that will support this intelligent
network.
In this presentation we will briefly discuss principle technologies that are being adopted
in LTE-Advanced. We will understand the basics of the technologies that are under
developmental stages and look if we can contribute to their future enhancements.
This document provides an overview of global trends in mobile data usage and LTE technology. It discusses how mobile data is overtaking fixed broadband growth. It also summarizes that LTE aims to provide improved mobile broadband through increased spectral efficiency and simplified network design. Key LTE technologies include OFDMA for downlinks and SC-FDMA for uplinks, as well as support for flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz. The document compares LTE to 3G technologies and outlines the evolving 3GPP system architecture. Potential LTE applications and current deployment status globally are also summarized.
UK Spectrum Policy Forum – Trevor Faulkes, HS2 - Railway input to UK Spectrum...techUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 2 Meeting – 25 September 2014
Trevor Faulkes, Head of Signalling and Telecommunications, HS2
Railway input to UK Spectrum Policy Forum
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
Michael Calabrese's Presentation at Emerging Communication Conference & Award...eCommConf
The document discusses the myth of spectrum scarcity and argues that spectrum capacity is abundant with 90% of spectrum not in use at any given time and place. It advocates for more opportunistic and flexible access to unused spectrum through cognitive radios and hybrid networks that utilize both licensed carrier networks and unlicensed WiFi. Specifically, it recommends (1) allowing opportunistic access to unused TV white space spectrum through database lookup or sensing, (2) inventorying assigned versus actual spectrum usage to identify more opportunities for sharing, and (3) applying market incentives for license holders to open unused capacity for sharing.
Presented by Debora Gentina, Senior Marketing Manager Huawei – deputizing for Renato Lombardi (VP Microwave Product Line Huawei) Chairman of ETSI ISG mWT
at the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Cluster 2 meeting on 16th Dec.
This document summarizes a workshop on 4G networks in the Arab region that discussed opportunities and challenges for expanding internet access. Key topics included LTE spectrum criteria and requirements, the growth of mobile data traffic and technologies to support it like small cells and MIMO, and mobile backhauling challenges including using microwave and fiber networks. Identifying the appropriate LTE spectrum bands considers the ecosystem, cell radius needed for coverage versus capacity, user distribution, and supporting carrier aggregation and regional radio regulations.
Industry-supported field trials are already demonstrating the viability of many of the
technical concepts in LTE-Advanced. The approach is to increase data rates for all
users, bring more out of small cells, dynamically adapt to network load and use of
more carriers for more speeds. Also there will be unprecedented ecosystem of handset-manufacturer, software-developers and chip-designers that will support this intelligent
network.
In this presentation we will briefly discuss principle technologies that are being adopted
in LTE-Advanced. We will understand the basics of the technologies that are under
developmental stages and look if we can contribute to their future enhancements.
US20150326462 illustrates a LTE-based vehicular communication system connecting a base station and vehicles equipped with mobile communication devices. The LTE-based vehicular communication system coordinates packet transmissions of vehicles to improve road safety and traffic efficiency: vehicles to exchange information among each other to support various applications such as collision avoidance or cooperative adaptive cruise control. The LTE-based vehicular communication system enables vehicles communicate with roadside infrastructures to attain useful information such as roadwork warning, weather warning, or information about available parking in a city
This document summarizes the evolution of mobile communications technology from 1G to 4G networks. It describes the basic structure of mobile networks and then details the major standards and generations including: AMPS, GSM, CDMA, UMTS, HSPA, LTE, and LTE-Advanced. It provides information on key aspects of each such as supported data rates, deployment dates, and technological enhancements compared to previous standards.
A short presentation looking at different ways in which mobile cellular network sharing is done. Different options including MORAN (Multiple Operator Radio Access Network), MOCN (Multiple Operator Core Network) and GWCN (Gateway Core Network) are discussed.
Robert Cooper - Ofcom - Bands under study for 5GtechUK
The document discusses studies being conducted by various international and national bodies on frequency bands being considered for 5G technologies. The International Telecommunication Union is studying bands between 24.25-86 GHz, and will next meet in spring 2017. The UK supports identifying global bands for 5G and early harmonization of a pioneer band in Europe. Studies are focusing on bands including 3400-3800 MHz, which the UK plans to auction 150 MHz of and consider sharing arrangements for the remainder. Tests can be conducted under non-operational licenses after coordination to prevent interference.
This document provides guidance on radio planning for wireless networks. It recommends mapping connection points and collecting data on connection requirements. Wireless, fiber, copper, or mixed technologies should be considered. Free planning tools can help evaluate options like frequency band and topology. Factors like propagation effects from distance, weather, line-of-sight, and interference must be studied. Planning involves using tools to generate heat maps and link analyses to identify the best equipment and configurations. Interference sources from both internal and external networks must also be addressed.
This document discusses spectrum needs for utilities to enable smart grid developments. It covers the following key points:
1) Utilities need additional spectrum capabilities to support distribution automation, distributed energy resources, improved response efficiency, and customer communications as part of developing smart grids.
2) Critical smart grid communication components include teleprotection, SCADA, utility voice networks, and CCTV, which will require expanded coverage to medium voltage and low voltage layers.
3) The document establishes generic communication service requirements for utilities, including data rates, volumes, latency, and availability needs for various protection, monitoring, and control applications.
4) Examples are provided of spectrum approaches taken in other countries like the Netherlands and proposals in Ireland
3GPP is going to finalize the 5G standard by 2018. 5G is scheduled to launch in around early 2020s. Even if it is not determined yet regarding the standard technology details, many researchers expect that 5G will transfer 1000 times more data, and thus, can connect billions of IoT (Internet of Things) devices at the same time. Massive MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) is one of the key candidate technologies that enable 5G to support IoT devices connection. Massive MIMO (MaMi) technology can address the high capacity requirement demanded by 5G exploiting many antennas both in the transmitter and the receiver.
The document discusses the 406.1-430 MHz frequency range and updates from the UK Spectrum Policy Forum meeting. It notes there appears to be demand for spectrum from multiple industry players in this range due to the UK UHF2 band plan. It also mentions the potential for increased sharing between the private sector and Ministry of Defense, subject to technical studies. Ofcom is establishing a group to examine the nature of demand in this area and consider remaining process issues.
ITU Regulatory Conference; Budva, 26.09.2017Alon Zheltkov
This document summarizes discussions around sharing spectrum between 5G networks and satellite communication systems. It outlines:
1) Past international agreements on identifying spectrum for IMT including 5G and considerations for satellite allocations.
2) An overview of 5G capabilities and usage scenarios as well as applications of satellite communications.
3) Analysis of potential for shared use of spectrum between 5G and satellites in C-band and various mm-wave bands, noting higher frequencies may allow easier sharing.
2016 02 02 - business case for new subsea and terrestrial builds in africa - ...Xtera Communications
- The document discusses business cases for new submarine cable and terrestrial fiber optic builds in Africa. It outlines the key components and design considerations for submarine cable systems, including repeaters, branching units, power feeding equipment, and cable armor. Challenges for submarine systems include high costs, difficulty of repairs, and reliability requirements.
- Technological evolution, such as higher modulation formats and improved error correction, can increase submarine cable capacity over time to reduce costs. Terrestrial fiber may provide restoration alternatives and backhaul capacity for inland regions. The future requires maximizing capacity per fiber through longer spans, modular designs, and more efficient power systems.
This document provides an update on sharing defence managed spectrum and upcoming work. It discusses the UK government's target to release 500 MHz of public sector spectrum by 2020 and 750 MHz by 2022. The Ministry of Defence manages around two-thirds of public sector spectrum. Key bands of interest for potential sharing include 406.2-430 MHz, 1427-1452 MHz, 2300-2350 MHz, 4800-4900 MHz, 5725-5850 MHz, and 7900-8400 MHz. Feasibility studies using paper modelling have been conducted for bands in the 2.3GHz and 1.4GHz ranges but proving the modelling and impact of capability loss present challenges. Over the next six months,
This document discusses various wireless communication technologies and protocols. It begins by describing WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and its objective to make internet content available on mobile devices. It then provides details on 10 different wireless technologies: GPRS, UMTS, 3G, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, AMPS, CDPD, Wideband CDMA, and Bluetooth; describing key aspects of each such as data rates, modulation schemes, frequency spectrums used, and multiple access techniques. The document aims to provide an overview of the technical standards and protocols that enable wireless access to information.
Space & Satellite News Updates – 19th Jan 2016techUK
Inmarsat is partnering with a research project developing autonomous drone ships that could operate without humans aboard within 10 years. Removing human crews would significantly reduce operating costs by allowing ships to carry more cargo. Inmarsat will provide satellite communications and data transfer expertise to help ensure drone ships can stay in contact with operators while at sea.
Licensed Spectrum sharing, Unlicensed Spectrum sharing and Secondary Spectrum...Xoo Gill
This document discusses three types of spectrum sharing: licensed spectrum sharing, unlicensed spectrum sharing, and secondary spectrum access. Licensed spectrum sharing involves paying for access to dedicated frequency bands assigned by regulators. Unlicensed spectrum is free to use but has no protection from interference. Secondary spectrum access makes use of TV white spaces in the VHF and UHF bands. The document provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and challenges of each type of spectrum sharing.
UK Spectrum Policy Forum - Chris Cheeseman, BT - UK Public Mobile SpectrumtechUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 1: public (cellular) mobile - 8th December 2014
Chris Cheeseman, Head of Spectrum Strategy, BT Group Plc
UK Public Mobile Spectrum
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
UK SPF Cluster 1 HAPS workshop summary 08.06.17techUK
1) The document discusses a workshop held by the UK Spectrum Policy Forum on high altitude platform stations (HAPS) and their associated spectrum requirements.
2) Airbus presented on their Zephyr HAPS platform and its applications in communications, observation, and military and government sectors.
3) Access Partnership described the HAPS ecosystem and technology advancements enabling higher altitude solar aircraft with greater throughput. They contrasted platforms like Zephyr, Aquila, and StratoBus.
The document discusses the objectives, components, use cases, and research directions of CSIR's 5G testbed. The objectives are to provide thought leadership in 5G development, build human capital, drive innovation through demonstrations, contribute to standards and policy, contextualize technologies for local use cases, and position the country for the fourth industrial revolution. The testbed implements 5G network slicing, NB-IoT for IoT communications, a core network functionality benchmarking tool, and explores areas like multi-slice support, edge computing, dedicated networks, and industrial communication reliability. Key focus areas for research are autonomous networks, software-defined networking, edge computing, low latency networks, smart agriculture, security, and more.
IEEE 802.11ax is the 6th generation Wi-Fi standard that uses OFDMA and MU-MIMO to improve spectral efficiency and increase capacity by up to 4 times. It allows an AP to communicate concurrently with multiple clients by assigning them different subcarriers or using multi-user MIMO. New capabilities include 1024-QAM modulation for higher throughput, longer OFDM symbols, and target wake times to reduce energy consumption of IoT devices.
US20150326462 illustrates a LTE-based vehicular communication system connecting a base station and vehicles equipped with mobile communication devices. The LTE-based vehicular communication system coordinates packet transmissions of vehicles to improve road safety and traffic efficiency: vehicles to exchange information among each other to support various applications such as collision avoidance or cooperative adaptive cruise control. The LTE-based vehicular communication system enables vehicles communicate with roadside infrastructures to attain useful information such as roadwork warning, weather warning, or information about available parking in a city
This document summarizes the evolution of mobile communications technology from 1G to 4G networks. It describes the basic structure of mobile networks and then details the major standards and generations including: AMPS, GSM, CDMA, UMTS, HSPA, LTE, and LTE-Advanced. It provides information on key aspects of each such as supported data rates, deployment dates, and technological enhancements compared to previous standards.
A short presentation looking at different ways in which mobile cellular network sharing is done. Different options including MORAN (Multiple Operator Radio Access Network), MOCN (Multiple Operator Core Network) and GWCN (Gateway Core Network) are discussed.
Robert Cooper - Ofcom - Bands under study for 5GtechUK
The document discusses studies being conducted by various international and national bodies on frequency bands being considered for 5G technologies. The International Telecommunication Union is studying bands between 24.25-86 GHz, and will next meet in spring 2017. The UK supports identifying global bands for 5G and early harmonization of a pioneer band in Europe. Studies are focusing on bands including 3400-3800 MHz, which the UK plans to auction 150 MHz of and consider sharing arrangements for the remainder. Tests can be conducted under non-operational licenses after coordination to prevent interference.
This document provides guidance on radio planning for wireless networks. It recommends mapping connection points and collecting data on connection requirements. Wireless, fiber, copper, or mixed technologies should be considered. Free planning tools can help evaluate options like frequency band and topology. Factors like propagation effects from distance, weather, line-of-sight, and interference must be studied. Planning involves using tools to generate heat maps and link analyses to identify the best equipment and configurations. Interference sources from both internal and external networks must also be addressed.
This document discusses spectrum needs for utilities to enable smart grid developments. It covers the following key points:
1) Utilities need additional spectrum capabilities to support distribution automation, distributed energy resources, improved response efficiency, and customer communications as part of developing smart grids.
2) Critical smart grid communication components include teleprotection, SCADA, utility voice networks, and CCTV, which will require expanded coverage to medium voltage and low voltage layers.
3) The document establishes generic communication service requirements for utilities, including data rates, volumes, latency, and availability needs for various protection, monitoring, and control applications.
4) Examples are provided of spectrum approaches taken in other countries like the Netherlands and proposals in Ireland
3GPP is going to finalize the 5G standard by 2018. 5G is scheduled to launch in around early 2020s. Even if it is not determined yet regarding the standard technology details, many researchers expect that 5G will transfer 1000 times more data, and thus, can connect billions of IoT (Internet of Things) devices at the same time. Massive MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) is one of the key candidate technologies that enable 5G to support IoT devices connection. Massive MIMO (MaMi) technology can address the high capacity requirement demanded by 5G exploiting many antennas both in the transmitter and the receiver.
The document discusses the 406.1-430 MHz frequency range and updates from the UK Spectrum Policy Forum meeting. It notes there appears to be demand for spectrum from multiple industry players in this range due to the UK UHF2 band plan. It also mentions the potential for increased sharing between the private sector and Ministry of Defense, subject to technical studies. Ofcom is establishing a group to examine the nature of demand in this area and consider remaining process issues.
ITU Regulatory Conference; Budva, 26.09.2017Alon Zheltkov
This document summarizes discussions around sharing spectrum between 5G networks and satellite communication systems. It outlines:
1) Past international agreements on identifying spectrum for IMT including 5G and considerations for satellite allocations.
2) An overview of 5G capabilities and usage scenarios as well as applications of satellite communications.
3) Analysis of potential for shared use of spectrum between 5G and satellites in C-band and various mm-wave bands, noting higher frequencies may allow easier sharing.
2016 02 02 - business case for new subsea and terrestrial builds in africa - ...Xtera Communications
- The document discusses business cases for new submarine cable and terrestrial fiber optic builds in Africa. It outlines the key components and design considerations for submarine cable systems, including repeaters, branching units, power feeding equipment, and cable armor. Challenges for submarine systems include high costs, difficulty of repairs, and reliability requirements.
- Technological evolution, such as higher modulation formats and improved error correction, can increase submarine cable capacity over time to reduce costs. Terrestrial fiber may provide restoration alternatives and backhaul capacity for inland regions. The future requires maximizing capacity per fiber through longer spans, modular designs, and more efficient power systems.
This document provides an update on sharing defence managed spectrum and upcoming work. It discusses the UK government's target to release 500 MHz of public sector spectrum by 2020 and 750 MHz by 2022. The Ministry of Defence manages around two-thirds of public sector spectrum. Key bands of interest for potential sharing include 406.2-430 MHz, 1427-1452 MHz, 2300-2350 MHz, 4800-4900 MHz, 5725-5850 MHz, and 7900-8400 MHz. Feasibility studies using paper modelling have been conducted for bands in the 2.3GHz and 1.4GHz ranges but proving the modelling and impact of capability loss present challenges. Over the next six months,
This document discusses various wireless communication technologies and protocols. It begins by describing WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and its objective to make internet content available on mobile devices. It then provides details on 10 different wireless technologies: GPRS, UMTS, 3G, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, AMPS, CDPD, Wideband CDMA, and Bluetooth; describing key aspects of each such as data rates, modulation schemes, frequency spectrums used, and multiple access techniques. The document aims to provide an overview of the technical standards and protocols that enable wireless access to information.
Space & Satellite News Updates – 19th Jan 2016techUK
Inmarsat is partnering with a research project developing autonomous drone ships that could operate without humans aboard within 10 years. Removing human crews would significantly reduce operating costs by allowing ships to carry more cargo. Inmarsat will provide satellite communications and data transfer expertise to help ensure drone ships can stay in contact with operators while at sea.
Licensed Spectrum sharing, Unlicensed Spectrum sharing and Secondary Spectrum...Xoo Gill
This document discusses three types of spectrum sharing: licensed spectrum sharing, unlicensed spectrum sharing, and secondary spectrum access. Licensed spectrum sharing involves paying for access to dedicated frequency bands assigned by regulators. Unlicensed spectrum is free to use but has no protection from interference. Secondary spectrum access makes use of TV white spaces in the VHF and UHF bands. The document provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and challenges of each type of spectrum sharing.
UK Spectrum Policy Forum - Chris Cheeseman, BT - UK Public Mobile SpectrumtechUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 1: public (cellular) mobile - 8th December 2014
Chris Cheeseman, Head of Spectrum Strategy, BT Group Plc
UK Public Mobile Spectrum
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
UK SPF Cluster 1 HAPS workshop summary 08.06.17techUK
1) The document discusses a workshop held by the UK Spectrum Policy Forum on high altitude platform stations (HAPS) and their associated spectrum requirements.
2) Airbus presented on their Zephyr HAPS platform and its applications in communications, observation, and military and government sectors.
3) Access Partnership described the HAPS ecosystem and technology advancements enabling higher altitude solar aircraft with greater throughput. They contrasted platforms like Zephyr, Aquila, and StratoBus.
The document discusses the objectives, components, use cases, and research directions of CSIR's 5G testbed. The objectives are to provide thought leadership in 5G development, build human capital, drive innovation through demonstrations, contribute to standards and policy, contextualize technologies for local use cases, and position the country for the fourth industrial revolution. The testbed implements 5G network slicing, NB-IoT for IoT communications, a core network functionality benchmarking tool, and explores areas like multi-slice support, edge computing, dedicated networks, and industrial communication reliability. Key focus areas for research are autonomous networks, software-defined networking, edge computing, low latency networks, smart agriculture, security, and more.
IEEE 802.11ax is the 6th generation Wi-Fi standard that uses OFDMA and MU-MIMO to improve spectral efficiency and increase capacity by up to 4 times. It allows an AP to communicate concurrently with multiple clients by assigning them different subcarriers or using multi-user MIMO. New capabilities include 1024-QAM modulation for higher throughput, longer OFDM symbols, and target wake times to reduce energy consumption of IoT devices.
The document outlines LTE, 4G networks, and discusses technologies beyond 4G including 5G. It defines LTE and its key specifications. 4G is defined as supporting speeds up to 100Mbps for mobile and 1Gbps for stationary devices. Features of 4G networks include being fully IP-based, higher bandwidths, and support for new applications. Challenges in 4G include accessing different networks and managing terminal mobility across networks through location and handoff management. 5G is envisioned to provide even faster data rates and complete wireless communication with high performance.
This document discusses next generation wireless access beyond 5G. It notes that LTE has been very successful but demand for mobile data is increasing rapidly. New opportunities exist in areas like vehicles, smart homes/cities, healthcare and factories. However, a key challenge is projected spectrum may not meet demand. The document discusses potential technologies for next generation wireless including millimeter wave spectrum, massive MIMO, new waveforms, flexible frame structures and network architectures. The goal is to support higher data rates everywhere with more efficient use of resources and support for new services and low latency applications. Standardization of next generation wireless is planned to start in 2016.
4 g(lte) principle and key technology training and certificate 2Taiz Telecom
The document provides an overview of 4G LTE principles and key technologies. It discusses LTE evolution from 3G standards and introduces some of LTE's main features like OFDMA, MIMO and improved spectral efficiency. It describes LTE network elements including eNodeB, MME, SGW, PGW and PCRF. It also covers the LTE air interface and interconnection between network interfaces.
The document provides an overview of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network technology. It discusses the goals and key features of LTE, including increased data rates, improved spectral efficiency, scalable bandwidths, OFDM modulation in the downlink, SC-FDMA in the uplink, and multiple antenna techniques. It also describes the LTE network architecture including the Evolved Packet Core and compares LTE to other technologies such as WiMAX.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
High performance browser networking ch7,8Seung-Bum Lee
Presentation material including summary of "High Performance Browser Networking" by Ilya Grigorik. This book includes very good summary of computer network not only for internet browsing but also multimedia streaming.
The document provides an overview of LTE technology and discusses why TDD-LTE is a good choice for wireless broadband (WBB). Key points include:
1) TDD-LTE offers flexibility in configuring downlink and uplink bandwidth ratios to match traffic usage, and provides 3 times the throughput of WiMAX.
2) The 3.5GHz spectrum band has abundant available spectrum that is well-suited for large-scale LTE TDD commercialization.
3) LTE TDD is a standard evolution of WiMAX that benefits from 3GPP standards and continued advancement. Mature ecosystems have been established for 3.5GHz LTE TDD commercialization.
WiGig and HaLow - Wi-Fi at new Frequency BandsEric Camulli
WiGig and HaLow operate at new Wi-Fi frequency bands. WiGig operates at 60GHz for wireless docking, HD video connections, and data rates up to 6.75Gbps. HaLow operates at sub-1GHz frequencies for low-power wide-area IoT applications, with data rates from 150kbps to 234Mbps and a range of over 1km. Both standards add new features to existing Wi-Fi standards to enable new use cases while maintaining compatibility.
This document discusses spectrum considerations for 5G mobile networks. It notes that spectrum is a key resource that has allowed each generation of cellular technology to increase capacity. 5G will need to support significantly higher mobile data volumes and stricter requirements on coverage, reliability, and latency. This will require utilizing more spectrum bands, including higher frequency millimeter wave bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz. 5G will rely on technologies like beamforming and carrier aggregation to improve spectral efficiency across wider system bandwidths in both licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
Mobile backhaul networks have evolved from legacy technologies like TDM and ATM to newer IP and Ethernet-based networks to support increasing data demands. IP/Ethernet networks provide more scalable, flexible, and cost-effective mobile backhaul that can support current and future technologies like LTE. Mobile operators are migrating from separate legacy networks to converged MPLS-enabled infrastructures to reduce costs while enabling new mobile services. IP/Ethernet mobile backhaul solutions employ MPLS transport, QoS, and VPN services to efficiently carry different traffic types on a single network while ensuring service quality.
4G cellular systems aim to provide broadband wireless access with peak data rates over 20 Mbps. Key challenges for 4G include limited coverage due to higher frequencies and capacity constraints of current air interfaces. 4G requires spectrum below 5 GHz for wide-area coverage given mobile device limitations. It will also utilize technologies like adaptive antennas and asymmetric data rates to boost coverage and capacity.
WiMAX 2.0 is an update to the WiMAX standard that aims to provide higher data rates, lower latencies, and improved coverage compared to the original WiMAX 1.0 standard. It defines new physical and MAC layer specifications using OFDMA, supports carrier aggregation across multiple frequency bands, introduces advanced antenna techniques, and defines quality of service classes to efficiently allocate bandwidth. The document reviews the reasons for the WiMAX 2.0 update and key features such as increased data rates up to 1 Gbps, reduced framing overhead, support for heterogeneous networks, and enhanced interworking capabilities with other wireless technologies.
This document discusses enhancements to future radio access technologies beyond LTE Release 11. It notes that mobile data traffic is growing rapidly due to factors like increased video usage and high-speed mobile access. To meet projected 1000x capacity growth needs by 2020, the document proposes utilizing wider bandwidths up to 1 GHz, higher frequency bands, and more efficient spectrum utilization through hybrid radio access across multiple bands. It also discusses technologies for enhancing spectrum efficiency and supporting denser small cell networks, such as dynamic TDD, flexible duplexing schemes, and hybrid radio access adaptations. The document advocates both backward compatible evolutions and complementary evolutions in future 3GPP releases to achieve sufficient capacity gains while maintaining backward compatibility.
4G cellular systems aim to provide broadband wireless access with peak data rates over 20 Mbps. Key challenges for 4G include limited coverage due to higher frequencies, capacity constraints of current air interfaces, and availability of suitable spectrum below 5 GHz for wide-area coverage. 4G concepts involve small cell sizes, adaptive antennas, asymmetric data rates, and advanced air interfaces to improve coverage and capacity over 3G systems.
Similar to Understanding Het-Nets, Antennas and other Advanced Techniques in LTE-Advanced (20)
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Understanding Het-Nets, Antennas and other Advanced Techniques in LTE-Advanced
1. LTE-Advanced:
Understanding 3GPP Release 10 and Beyond
Workshop presented by 4G Americas - October 22, 2012 - Marina del Rey, CA
Understanding Het-Nets, Antennas and other Advanced Techniques in LTE-Advanced
Advanced Systems and Techniques
Jacob Sharony, VP, Innovation, Powerwave Technologies
2. The Need for Higher Capacity Density
• Demand for broadband mobile data is expected to rise
1000 fold by 2020
• New Metric: bps/Hz/m2 or for a given spectrum how much
capacity can be delivered per unit area
• More spectrum, better spectral efficiency and spatial reuse
are mentioned as possible candidates
• Small cells and advanced antenna/MIMO techniques are
most promising
Time Frequency Space
3. Methods for Increasing Capacity Density
• Additional (licensed) Spectrum
• Improved Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz )
• Small Cells
• MIMO (higher-order/massive, MU)
• Beamforming
• WiFi Offloading
• Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission/Reception (CoMP)
• Carrier Aggregation (CA)
5. Small Cells
• Both Macro and Pico UE’s will benefit
Scenario : Macro & 4 Outdoor
Picocells
• Macro ISD 1.732km
• 4 Outdoor Pico Cells per Macro
• 20 UE’s uniformly distributed
• 40 UE’s within Pico cluster
• Carrier Frequency : 700 MHz
6. Advanced MIMO Techniques
• Downlink 8-Layer SU-MIMO (up to 3 Gbps w/ CA 100 MHz)
• Downlink MU-MIMO for increased network capacity
• Uplink 4-Layer SU-MIMO (also MU-MIMO through pairing)
• Uplink transmit diversity for robustness (control channel)
7. Paradigm Shift from SU to MU MIMO
• Focus on aggregate capacity rather than peak user bitrate
• A BS communicates simultaneously w/ several multiple
antennas terminals
SU MU
8. Massive MIMO w/ Application to
Beamforming
• Multi-user beamforming (MUBF) uses multiple antennas to
send independent data streams to multiple terminals at the
same time
ARGOS – Achieving 6.7 capacity gain
9. WiFi Integration to the Core
• Additional 300+ MHz (unlicensed) Spectrum
• WiFi will be integrated to the core network (trusted network)
– S2A interface between WiFi AP and P-GW
• Hotspot2.0 and cellular-like roaming
– 802.11u discovery and selection
– 802.1x EAP-SIM/AKA authentication
– 802.11i WPA2-enterprise, AES encryption
• Network managed offloading/onloading
transparent to the user
EPC
Supplicant
Authenticator
(WiFi AP)
Authentication
Server (AAA)
802.1x / EAP-AKA
P-GW
S2ASTa
11. Carrier Aggregation (CA)
• Bandwidth Extension –
Simultaneous use of
multiple LTE Carriers to
increase peak bitrates
• Multi carriers/streams to
the handset (from macro,
pico, WiFi)
12. The Powerwave Ultra Broadband
Picocell
A small, all-in-one
LTE base station and Wi-Fi hot spot
that delivers up to
200+ Mbps/mi² to 100+ users
Wall/Pole Strand-Mount Indoor
13. What makes the Powerwave Pico different?
100
Simultaneous
Users
Lowest
Cost/Mbps/mi2
200 Mbps
Throughput
LTE and Wi-Fi
2x2 MIMO
Software Defined
Broadband Radio
SON
Integrated
Backhaul
Low Latency
5-10 msecs Integrated
Antennas
Integrated
L1-L3 on a
Single SoC