The document outlines the Centre of Expertise on Influencing Behaviour's approach to enabling sustainable lifestyles through policy and communications. It reviews what sustainable living looks like, assesses current behaviours and policies, draws on models and theories of behaviour change, and tests approaches across government, business and communities. Key insights from evidence on motivations and barriers are identified for different policy areas like minimizing waste, environment protection, food and eco-upgrading homes. Understanding these factors informs developing interventions to address motivations and barriers at personal and societal levels.
Here are some suggestions for changing the culture of a public sector bank that has been taken over by a private sector bank:
1. Communicate the strategic rationale for the change clearly and consistently to all employees. Explain how the new culture and values will help the bank better serve customers.
2. Make customer-centricity and performance the top priorities. Reward and recognize employees who demonstrate these new values through their actions.
3. Bring in private sector talent to model the desired behaviors and mindset. Promote cultural ambassadors within the organization.
4. Provide training and development opportunities to help employees unlearn old ways and adapt to the new culture. Focus on building skills like initiative, accountability and teamwork.
1. The document discusses a decision-making model called the "Throughput Model" which depicts the various stages of individuals' morality and ethical reasoning processes when making decisions.
2. The model includes four main concepts - perception, information, judgment, and decision choice - and how they interact in multiple pathways before an individual makes a decision.
3. Six prominent philosophical approaches are represented in the model's pathways: psychological egoism, deontology, relativism, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and ethics of care. The pathways help explain how different values and viewpoints can influence the decision-making process.
Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of how individuals and groups act within organizations and how their behaviors impact organizational effectiveness. The document discusses key OB concepts like culture, social systems, and challenges faced by modern organizations. It also provides a brief history of OB, highlighting important early studies and theories that helped establish the field. Finally, the document outlines some limitations of OB and how the discipline may evolve further in the future to address new business realities.
Sustainability Edinburgh Personas introduction & workshopNeil Allison
The document discusses using personas to help focus website development on users' needs. It introduces the Sustainable Edinburgh website personas, including "Jack", a married father who works as a technician at the University. Jack prioritizes his family and hobbies over work and is skeptical that individual actions can address climate change. The personas are meant to represent real user groups and encourage empathy, consensus, and efficiencies in website design.
Psychoecocultural Flexibility: A More Explicit Culture- and Context- Consciou...Shelly Harrell
(1) The document discusses incorporating contextual, sociopolitical, and culture-based cues into mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies. It proposes a framework called "psychoecocultural flexibility" which emphasizes understanding the person in the context of their environment and culture.
(2) The framework focuses on the ongoing transactions between a person's psychological processes, their socioecological environment, and their sociocultural patterns. It also outlines six processes for applying this framework, such as "Staying Woke" to contact the present moment with full awareness of one's experience in context.
(3) The document argues that acceptance-based therapies need to engage more directly with issues like social injustice, oppression, and
This document discusses organizational communication and culture. It provides definitions of interpersonal communication and culture. Culture is defined as a system of activities and discourses codified by a group over time. The document examines models of organizational culture, including Hofstede's 5 cultural dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, and long vs short term orientation. It also discusses the GLOBE model and its 9 cultural dimensions.
Here are some suggestions for changing the culture of a public sector bank that has been taken over by a private sector bank:
1. Communicate the strategic rationale for the change clearly and consistently to all employees. Explain how the new culture and values will help the bank better serve customers.
2. Make customer-centricity and performance the top priorities. Reward and recognize employees who demonstrate these new values through their actions.
3. Bring in private sector talent to model the desired behaviors and mindset. Promote cultural ambassadors within the organization.
4. Provide training and development opportunities to help employees unlearn old ways and adapt to the new culture. Focus on building skills like initiative, accountability and teamwork.
1. The document discusses a decision-making model called the "Throughput Model" which depicts the various stages of individuals' morality and ethical reasoning processes when making decisions.
2. The model includes four main concepts - perception, information, judgment, and decision choice - and how they interact in multiple pathways before an individual makes a decision.
3. Six prominent philosophical approaches are represented in the model's pathways: psychological egoism, deontology, relativism, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and ethics of care. The pathways help explain how different values and viewpoints can influence the decision-making process.
Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of how individuals and groups act within organizations and how their behaviors impact organizational effectiveness. The document discusses key OB concepts like culture, social systems, and challenges faced by modern organizations. It also provides a brief history of OB, highlighting important early studies and theories that helped establish the field. Finally, the document outlines some limitations of OB and how the discipline may evolve further in the future to address new business realities.
Sustainability Edinburgh Personas introduction & workshopNeil Allison
The document discusses using personas to help focus website development on users' needs. It introduces the Sustainable Edinburgh website personas, including "Jack", a married father who works as a technician at the University. Jack prioritizes his family and hobbies over work and is skeptical that individual actions can address climate change. The personas are meant to represent real user groups and encourage empathy, consensus, and efficiencies in website design.
Psychoecocultural Flexibility: A More Explicit Culture- and Context- Consciou...Shelly Harrell
(1) The document discusses incorporating contextual, sociopolitical, and culture-based cues into mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies. It proposes a framework called "psychoecocultural flexibility" which emphasizes understanding the person in the context of their environment and culture.
(2) The framework focuses on the ongoing transactions between a person's psychological processes, their socioecological environment, and their sociocultural patterns. It also outlines six processes for applying this framework, such as "Staying Woke" to contact the present moment with full awareness of one's experience in context.
(3) The document argues that acceptance-based therapies need to engage more directly with issues like social injustice, oppression, and
This document discusses organizational communication and culture. It provides definitions of interpersonal communication and culture. Culture is defined as a system of activities and discourses codified by a group over time. The document examines models of organizational culture, including Hofstede's 5 cultural dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, and long vs short term orientation. It also discusses the GLOBE model and its 9 cultural dimensions.
The role of research in social marketing CharityComms
The document summarizes research conducted on social marketing and behavior change. It discusses the role of research in social marketing and highlights some key findings from the research. Specifically, it found that while people generally support government intervention to encourage certain behaviors, they also support limiting government involvement. Additionally, people's stated preferences do not always match their actual behaviors. The document advocates using a variety of research methodologies, including peer research, to better understand target audiences.
Group 4 submitted 14 photo titles with information on the photographer, date taken, and location. The photos covered a range of topics from weddings to international events to landscapes. The group included submissions from Brittany, Jill, Alyssa, and Jason with photos found on personal blogs and photo sharing websites.
This document discusses using social media for institutional communications. It notes that consumers trust recommendations from other people more than authority figures. Word of mouth is a key source of information, and social media eliminates barriers to communication. The document outlines the opportunities that social media presents for cost-effective and trust-based communication that drives online conversations. It also notes challenges in reconciling the risk-averse nature of healthcare with the risk-taking nature of web platforms. The presentation emphasizes choosing communication strategies and tools based on the target audience and desired impact, and provides examples of using social media for customer service, community outreach, patient education, and public relations.
The document discusses population projections created jointly by Bournemouth, Dorset and Poole to support strategic planning in the area. The three authorities purchased shared software and developed a consistent methodology to produce trend-based, policy-based, and natural change projections using national and local data. The projections are used across departments and to inform housing and school planning, with benefits of shared resources but also difficulties coordinating between the three separate authorities.
The document discusses population projections created jointly by Bournemouth, Dorset and Poole to support strategic planning in the area. The three authorities purchased shared software and developed a consistent methodology to produce trend-based, policy-based, and natural change projections using local and national data. The projections are used across departments and to inform housing and school planning, with benefits of shared resources but also difficulties coordinating between the three separate authorities.
Brief summary of Ancient Egyptian History from prehistory to the development from hunters and gathers to civilization. The special circumstances that made the Old Kingdom possible and the most secure Kingdom in Egyptian History.
The document analyzes and compares the key visual features of magazines from several UK universities. It finds that most magazines feature prominent university logos and article headlines. They commonly use simplistic images related to campus life like buildings, students, and nature to portray the universities as welcoming, friendly environments for exploring life experiences. The images aim to attract readers by communicating messages about each university's culture and community.
Introducing Drupal: The open source content management and web application fr...Anthony Ogbonna
Drupal is an open source content management platform and web application framework that powers millions of websites. It allows users to organize, edit, and publish content from a central interface. Drupal is highly flexible and can be used to build many types of websites and applications. It has a large community of users and is used by many large organizations like the White House, Harvard, and Greenpeace. The presentation provides an overview of what Drupal is, how to use it, examples of companies that use it, and its future potential as a platform for new types of online experiences and integration of third party applications.
The document outlines Devon County Council's plan to create a Local Economic Assessment (LEA) as required by legislation. The LEA will analyze Devon's economy, identify economic factors and inform local strategies. It will include analysis of business sectors, skills, inclusion, sustainability and more. Devon's approach involves collaborating with districts, stakeholders and businesses to develop an evidence base on the current economy and future growth assumptions. Challenges include aligning the LEA with other local strategies and timelines.
Offering enormous scope for image manipulation, Adobe Photoshop continues to remain the most preferred software for editing images. This amazing product has armed us with such marvelous tools along with the ability to render pictures which encourage imagination and sometimes, even defy it.
I invite you to view this humble collection of images which I have made with Photoshop. I can only keep learning more everyday.
Swine flu, also known as H1N1, is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses that originally infected pigs. The virus can spread from person to person via coughing or sneezing. Pigs provide an environment for these viruses to mix and mutate. Common symptoms are similar to seasonal flu and include fever, cough, and sore throat. While most cases have been mild, some deaths have occurred in Mexico. There is currently no vaccine available for humans.
The document discusses Somerset's approach to developing a Local Economic Assessment (LEA). It will take a policy theme approach, exploring worklessness, low carbon economy, future competitiveness, and rural futures. Expert-led projects will produce evidence papers on each theme to inform the draft LEA. Stakeholder engagement is also emphasized, with the goal of district council and business community ownership over the process and outcomes of the LEA. The LEA is positioned as an ongoing and influential document that can help drive other local economic policies and strategies into the future.
Este documento apresenta Jeronimo Zucco, um analista de suporte da UCS especializado em Linux e código aberto. Zucco argumenta que Python é uma linguagem de programação útil para sysadmins por ser fácil de aprender e usar para tarefas repetitivas, além de ter melhor performance que shell scripts. Ele apresenta exemplos de códigos em Python, Bash e Perl para ilustrar como Python produz códigos mais legíveis e descritivos.
A companion slide show for the Rule 4081 holistic workshop directed specifically towards artist in their own navigation and development of an online marketing plan. twitter.com/rule4081
LEPs to Date and the Importance of the Evidence Base - Andrew Field (BIS)South West Observatory
1. The document outlines the UK government's new approach to local economic growth through Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs).
2. LEPs will be business-led boards that have access to funds like the Regional Growth Fund to support local economic development.
3. The roles of LEPs include improving the local business environment, supporting enterprise, and helping address unemployment. They will work with national bodies on economic development.
Federalism involves the sharing of power between the federal/national government and state governments. Some key aspects of federalism include:
1) The federal government has expressed powers that are specifically enumerated in the Constitution like coining money and regulating interstate commerce. It also has implied powers that are suggested though not expressly stated, like establishing a national bank.
2) States have reserved powers over areas not given to the federal government like education, welfare, and family law.
3) Both the federal and state governments have concurrent powers like taxation and establishing courts. The Supremacy Clause establishes that federal authority overrides state authority.
Effects of Applied Social Sciences Q2 WK12.pptxMarkCatipon
This document outlines the intended learning outcomes and content for a lesson on the effects of applied social sciences. The key effects discussed include:
1) Increasing social awareness, self-awareness, and self-knowledge by helping people better understand themselves and their role in society.
2) Promoting attitude and value change by encouraging people to adopt perspectives and values that support survival in the face of challenges like climate change.
3) Facilitating behavioral change, which is difficult but important for addressing issues like corruption, conflict, and public health. Applied social sciences provide approaches and tools to help drive behavioral changes on individual and group levels.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR - MG UNIVERSITY 3RD SEMESTER - FULL NOTESSooraj Krishnakumar
1) The document discusses consumer behavior including responses, nature and scope, applications, factors influencing behavior, and models of consumer decision making.
2) It covers topics like motivation, personality, perception, learning, attitudes, and the consumer research process.
3) Key aspects of motivation discussed are needs, goals, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and theories of motivation. Factors influencing perception and decision making are also summarized.
The role of research in social marketing CharityComms
The document summarizes research conducted on social marketing and behavior change. It discusses the role of research in social marketing and highlights some key findings from the research. Specifically, it found that while people generally support government intervention to encourage certain behaviors, they also support limiting government involvement. Additionally, people's stated preferences do not always match their actual behaviors. The document advocates using a variety of research methodologies, including peer research, to better understand target audiences.
Group 4 submitted 14 photo titles with information on the photographer, date taken, and location. The photos covered a range of topics from weddings to international events to landscapes. The group included submissions from Brittany, Jill, Alyssa, and Jason with photos found on personal blogs and photo sharing websites.
This document discusses using social media for institutional communications. It notes that consumers trust recommendations from other people more than authority figures. Word of mouth is a key source of information, and social media eliminates barriers to communication. The document outlines the opportunities that social media presents for cost-effective and trust-based communication that drives online conversations. It also notes challenges in reconciling the risk-averse nature of healthcare with the risk-taking nature of web platforms. The presentation emphasizes choosing communication strategies and tools based on the target audience and desired impact, and provides examples of using social media for customer service, community outreach, patient education, and public relations.
The document discusses population projections created jointly by Bournemouth, Dorset and Poole to support strategic planning in the area. The three authorities purchased shared software and developed a consistent methodology to produce trend-based, policy-based, and natural change projections using national and local data. The projections are used across departments and to inform housing and school planning, with benefits of shared resources but also difficulties coordinating between the three separate authorities.
The document discusses population projections created jointly by Bournemouth, Dorset and Poole to support strategic planning in the area. The three authorities purchased shared software and developed a consistent methodology to produce trend-based, policy-based, and natural change projections using local and national data. The projections are used across departments and to inform housing and school planning, with benefits of shared resources but also difficulties coordinating between the three separate authorities.
Brief summary of Ancient Egyptian History from prehistory to the development from hunters and gathers to civilization. The special circumstances that made the Old Kingdom possible and the most secure Kingdom in Egyptian History.
The document analyzes and compares the key visual features of magazines from several UK universities. It finds that most magazines feature prominent university logos and article headlines. They commonly use simplistic images related to campus life like buildings, students, and nature to portray the universities as welcoming, friendly environments for exploring life experiences. The images aim to attract readers by communicating messages about each university's culture and community.
Introducing Drupal: The open source content management and web application fr...Anthony Ogbonna
Drupal is an open source content management platform and web application framework that powers millions of websites. It allows users to organize, edit, and publish content from a central interface. Drupal is highly flexible and can be used to build many types of websites and applications. It has a large community of users and is used by many large organizations like the White House, Harvard, and Greenpeace. The presentation provides an overview of what Drupal is, how to use it, examples of companies that use it, and its future potential as a platform for new types of online experiences and integration of third party applications.
The document outlines Devon County Council's plan to create a Local Economic Assessment (LEA) as required by legislation. The LEA will analyze Devon's economy, identify economic factors and inform local strategies. It will include analysis of business sectors, skills, inclusion, sustainability and more. Devon's approach involves collaborating with districts, stakeholders and businesses to develop an evidence base on the current economy and future growth assumptions. Challenges include aligning the LEA with other local strategies and timelines.
Offering enormous scope for image manipulation, Adobe Photoshop continues to remain the most preferred software for editing images. This amazing product has armed us with such marvelous tools along with the ability to render pictures which encourage imagination and sometimes, even defy it.
I invite you to view this humble collection of images which I have made with Photoshop. I can only keep learning more everyday.
Swine flu, also known as H1N1, is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses that originally infected pigs. The virus can spread from person to person via coughing or sneezing. Pigs provide an environment for these viruses to mix and mutate. Common symptoms are similar to seasonal flu and include fever, cough, and sore throat. While most cases have been mild, some deaths have occurred in Mexico. There is currently no vaccine available for humans.
The document discusses Somerset's approach to developing a Local Economic Assessment (LEA). It will take a policy theme approach, exploring worklessness, low carbon economy, future competitiveness, and rural futures. Expert-led projects will produce evidence papers on each theme to inform the draft LEA. Stakeholder engagement is also emphasized, with the goal of district council and business community ownership over the process and outcomes of the LEA. The LEA is positioned as an ongoing and influential document that can help drive other local economic policies and strategies into the future.
Este documento apresenta Jeronimo Zucco, um analista de suporte da UCS especializado em Linux e código aberto. Zucco argumenta que Python é uma linguagem de programação útil para sysadmins por ser fácil de aprender e usar para tarefas repetitivas, além de ter melhor performance que shell scripts. Ele apresenta exemplos de códigos em Python, Bash e Perl para ilustrar como Python produz códigos mais legíveis e descritivos.
A companion slide show for the Rule 4081 holistic workshop directed specifically towards artist in their own navigation and development of an online marketing plan. twitter.com/rule4081
LEPs to Date and the Importance of the Evidence Base - Andrew Field (BIS)South West Observatory
1. The document outlines the UK government's new approach to local economic growth through Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs).
2. LEPs will be business-led boards that have access to funds like the Regional Growth Fund to support local economic development.
3. The roles of LEPs include improving the local business environment, supporting enterprise, and helping address unemployment. They will work with national bodies on economic development.
Federalism involves the sharing of power between the federal/national government and state governments. Some key aspects of federalism include:
1) The federal government has expressed powers that are specifically enumerated in the Constitution like coining money and regulating interstate commerce. It also has implied powers that are suggested though not expressly stated, like establishing a national bank.
2) States have reserved powers over areas not given to the federal government like education, welfare, and family law.
3) Both the federal and state governments have concurrent powers like taxation and establishing courts. The Supremacy Clause establishes that federal authority overrides state authority.
Effects of Applied Social Sciences Q2 WK12.pptxMarkCatipon
This document outlines the intended learning outcomes and content for a lesson on the effects of applied social sciences. The key effects discussed include:
1) Increasing social awareness, self-awareness, and self-knowledge by helping people better understand themselves and their role in society.
2) Promoting attitude and value change by encouraging people to adopt perspectives and values that support survival in the face of challenges like climate change.
3) Facilitating behavioral change, which is difficult but important for addressing issues like corruption, conflict, and public health. Applied social sciences provide approaches and tools to help drive behavioral changes on individual and group levels.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR - MG UNIVERSITY 3RD SEMESTER - FULL NOTESSooraj Krishnakumar
1) The document discusses consumer behavior including responses, nature and scope, applications, factors influencing behavior, and models of consumer decision making.
2) It covers topics like motivation, personality, perception, learning, attitudes, and the consumer research process.
3) Key aspects of motivation discussed are needs, goals, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and theories of motivation. Factors influencing perception and decision making are also summarized.
This document discusses organizational change and related concepts. It defines organizational change as planned or unplanned transformations in an organization's structure, technology, or people. It distinguishes between first-order changes that are continuous, and second-order changes that involve major shifts. It also discusses the characteristics of change, reasons for change, levels of change, and sources and tactics for overcoming resistance to change. Common change management approaches like Lewin's three-step model, action research, and organizational development are summarized.
This document provides an overview of organizational behavior concepts and models. It covers the following key points:
- The introduction defines organizational behavior as the study of human behavior in organizational settings and the interface between human behavior and organizations.
- Foundational concepts of OB include understanding the nature of people and organizations, and how social systems and organizational culture influence behavior.
- Models of OB aim to describe, understand, predict, and control human behavior in organizations.
- Disciplines like psychology, sociology, and social psychology contribute to the knowledge base of OB.
- Approaches to OB include the human resources perspective of supporting employee growth, and contingency approaches that adapt managerial behaviors to different situations.
This document provides an overview of a 3-day training package on positive behaviour support. Day 1 covers an introduction to positive behaviour support and human rights. Day 2 focuses on communication, behaviours of concern, and functional behaviour assessments. Day 3 looks at positive behaviour support strategies, including changing background factors, skill development, and maintaining self-control. The training aims to help participants understand the relationship between personal factors and behaviours of concern, and how to provide positive support through assessment and intervention planning.
Consumer Behaviour (CB) is defined as the behaviours consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services. CB focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their resources. It describes two types of consuming entities: personal consumers and organizational consumers. Consumer decision making is influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. There are several models of consumer decision making including the economic view of rational decision making, a passive view of consumers as influenced by marketers, and a cognitive view of consumers as problem-solving thinkers.
The document provides an agenda and overview for a leadership and administrative dynamics course. It covers topics such as strategic planning, SWOT analysis, logic models, vision and mission statements, ethics, knowledge management, and communities of practice. Key elements of effective vision and mission statements are outlined. Different leadership styles and cultures are discussed. The principles of knowledge and ethics in leadership are also reviewed.
The document discusses factors that influence environmental attitudes and behaviors. While attitudes and awareness do not always predict behaviors, behaviors are more likely to change when the targeted actions are simple like recycling or switching lights. Behavior is influenced by attitudes but also habits, social norms, and practical constraints. Changing behaviors requires appealing to self-interest, social responsibility, and making environmentally-friendly choices the easy default options. Effective campaigns should address multiple motivations and promote positive examples of others' pro-environmental behaviors.
The document discusses behavioral theories and determinants that influence human behavior. It describes several models of behavior including levels of influence, stages of change model, social learning theory, and diffusion of innovations. It also lists specific determinants of behavior such as knowledge, attitudes, perceived risks, consequences, self-efficacy, social norms, and demographics. The key takeaways are that multiple factors determine behavior, research is needed to identify the most relevant determinants for a given population or behavior, and this information can then be used to develop effective interventions.
A presentation from Tevor Hopkins from Asset Based Consulting (http://www.assetbasedconsulting.co.uk) on an Asset Based Approach to mapping Health and Wellbeing. This presentation was organised by the LGA to support West Midlands Health and Wellbeing Boards.
This document discusses ethics in government service. It defines ethics as standards that prescribe right and wrong actions in terms of rights, obligations, fairness and virtues. It also discusses ethics as the study and development of ethical standards. The document outlines a seven step process for making ethical decisions and evaluating alternatives to address value conflicts. It discusses the influence of values on behavior and decision making. Overall, the document provides an introduction to ethical reasoning and decision making in the context of public administration.
This document discusses various theoretical perspectives on human behavior that are relevant for social work professionals. It covers key concepts from different theories like systems theory, conflict theory, rational choice theory, and psychodynamic theory. It also outlines criteria for evaluating theories and discusses how theories can be used to guide social work practice interventions. The document emphasizes that theories provide frameworks for understanding human behavior and that scientific knowledge of theories and research is an important ingredient for doing social work.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to ethics and morality. It begins by defining legality, ethics, and ethical behavior. It then defines business ethics and different approaches to normative and descriptive business ethics. It discusses the importance of business ethics and how it can help improve decision making. Finally, it covers concepts like morality, values, personal and social responsibilities, personality, and goal orientation. The key takeaways are that ethics considers what is right and wrong, business ethics examines ethical issues in business contexts, and understanding ethics can help improve ethical decision making.
This document provides an overview of organizational behavior concepts. It discusses how organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior in organizations and draws from various disciplines like psychology and sociology. Key topics covered include the nature of people and organizations, forces that influence organizations like people, structure, technology and environment. Models of organizational behavior are presented as well as concepts like social systems, organizational culture, and approaches to OB like human resources-oriented and contingency approaches. Challenges to OB like seeking quick fixes and varying environments are also discussed. The document emphasizes that organizations are complex social systems and understanding human behavior is important for effective management.
This document summarizes a workshop on managing organizational change. It discusses factors that help or hinder the implementation of new tools and initiatives. It also covers three levels of organizational change, the two key ingredients of change management, and how people and organizations typically respond to change. The workshop then focuses on organizational culture as key to managing change, describing culture as existing at visible, stated, and underlying levels. Attendees participate in an exercise to describe the culture of their own organizations.
Topic 1 Morality, Legality Moral Reasoning.pptxMadammeJaja
This document discusses media ethics and provides an overview of key concepts. It begins by explaining why studying media ethics is important as it examines moral practices and issues in media. It then defines media ethics as the philosophical study of morality in the context of media institutions and practices. Several key points are made about media ethics: it involves moral choices and values that influence decisions in the media context. It also distinguishes between ethics, which is the rational study of morality, and morals, which refer to religious or philosophical codes of behavior. The document notes some differences between morality and legality. It also discusses some morally relevant features of emergent digital media and expectations for a course in media ethics, which should stimulate moral thinking and develop analytical skills
This document discusses topics related to social responsibility and ethics, including:
- Definitions of social responsibility and how views have evolved from prioritizing profits to also considering societal impacts
- Arguments for and against organizations being socially involved
- Factors that influence ethical behavior, such as moral development stages, personal values, and organizational culture
- Ways organizations can encourage ethical behavior, like using codes of ethics, leadership, and protective mechanisms
- Current social responsibility and ethics issues organizations face, including managing lapses and promoting positive change.
The document provides an overview of organizational behavior. It discusses that OB is the study of how individuals and groups act within organizations. It examines topics like human behavior in organizations, the goals of OB which include describing, understanding, predicting, and controlling human behavior at work. The document also discusses the contributing disciplines to OB like psychology, sociology, and the key elements that influence OB such as people, structure, technology, and the external environment. It provides definitions of OB and outlines the importance, nature, framework, and scope of studying organizational behavior.
Similar to Understanding and Influencing Behaviour - Using Evidence (20)
The South West Observatory organized various events in 2010-11 to disseminate its work and support members. Events included workshops on population projections and calculating local estimates, as well as seminars on using economic indicators and the regional economy. The Observatory drew on expertise from members and external speakers to provide both technical and policy-focused events for practitioners and decision-makers.
Reviewing Local Investment Plans - What are the LIP drivers in the new landsc...South West Observatory
The document discusses the new landscape for Local Investment Plans (LIPs) in light of recent policy changes. Key drivers for reviewing LIPs include the duty to cooperate requirement in the Localism Bill, new investment strategies, and incentivizing planning and development through partnership working. Reviewing LIPs can help address barriers like infrastructure deficits and funding gaps by strengthening links to economic development, aligning public and private funding where possible, and engaging delivery partners to improve monitoring and outcomes. The benefits of reviewing LIPs include providing strategic direction for investment, focus for enabling work, continued collaboration, and attracting additional funding and business investment.
Local Investment Planning - a view of the future (Simon Nunn, Assistant Dire...South West Observatory
On 10 November the Homes and Communities Agency and the National Housing Federation held an event, Learning the Lessons from the Local Investment Plans. Simon Nunn, the National Housing Federation’s Assistant Director (Regions) spoke about how his team had worked with members across the South West on the LIPs in their areas.
Local Investment Planning - Learning Lessons and a view of the future (Phil S...South West Observatory
This document discusses lessons learned from the local investment planning (LIP) process and looks ahead to the future. It notes that housing associations were brought into the LIP process late and felt some large strategic sites were prioritized over traditional HA sites. It also discusses how the introduction of affordable rent programs with reduced grant levels later called the deliverability of schemes into question. Looking ahead, it suggests greater use of alternative funding sources, public land, and initiatives like the Growing Places Fund will be needed to support affordable housing delivery going forward.
Learning the Lessson - John Betty (Strategic Director for Development and Maj...South West Observatory
John Betty, Bath and North East Somerset Council’s Strategic Director, spoke about how Local Investment Plans have been used to support the HCA’s work with his team, with a particular focus on Bath Riverside (a LIP priority for the West of England). This was part of the Homes and Communities Agency and the National Housing Federation held an event, Learning the Lessons from the Local Investment Plans
The South and South West Executive Director at the HCA, Colin Molton, gave a presentation which covered where we are now as an agency and the importance of the Local Investment Planning to our future work.
This resource, compiled by Creating Excellence, contains case studies, tips, tools and contact details about localism in action. Includes:
> Participatory Budgeting
> Community Assets
> Community Led Planning
> Communities Taking the Lead.
http://www.creatingexcellence.org.uk/ceimages/Localism%20in%20Action%20Final.pdf
The document discusses different approaches to defining and measuring prosperity and well-being. It summarizes a conference that brought together experts to consider how notions of prosperity like health, wealth, and happiness are related, how to define and measure a common understanding of prosperity, and how to achieve prosperity. The conference provided presentations and debates on topics like sustainable development indicators, measuring health, wealth and happiness, and developing a principled prosperous society. The document aims to capture the various viewpoints discussed to inform public policy objectives and decision making.
This document provides a strategic analysis of the South West region from the Youth Participation in Learning Agency (YPLA). It includes the following key points:
1. The 16-18 year old population is projected to decline 11% in the South West between 2008-2017, compared to a 13% decline nationally. Plymouth specifically is projected to see a 19% decline.
2. Major industries in the South West include retail, health, and public administration, which together employ over 50% of the region's workforce.
3. The percentage of 16-18 year olds in the South West not in education, employment, or training (NEET) peaked at over 8% during the recession but has
Strategic Analysis: Headlines for the South West - RIG Meeting January 2011South West Observatory
This document provides an overview and analysis of several publicly available data sources on employment, education, and demographics in the South West region of England. It summarizes trends in employment by industry from the Annual Business Inquiry, unemployment rates from the Job Seeker's Allowance Claimant Count, participation of 16-18 year olds in education from the Department for Education, skills needs from the National Employer Skills Survey, and population projections for youth from the ONS. Regional trends and comparisons are presented for each data source.
This document discusses key data sources and methods used in public health. It outlines several main sources of raw health data including births, deaths, hospital admissions, and prescriptions. These data are aggregated and linked to geography to measure population health indicators like mortality rates, life expectancy, and birth rates. Determinants of health like deprivation, lifestyle factors, and environment are also examined using surveys. The document explains methods like incidence, prevalence, crude rates, and age standardization used to analyze health data and measure the health of populations.
Health Intelligence & the role of the South West Public Health Observatory (S...South West Observatory
Paul Brown from SWPHO delivers an opening presentation on the role of the South West Public Health Observatory and the fundamentals in understanding public health intelligence.
Key Data Sources for Public Health - Local Perspective - Irina HollandSouth West Observatory
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2. The Framework for Sustainable Lifestyles
outlines our approach
• We review and identify what sustainable living looks like
Our purpose is with input from stakeholders – Defra’s behaviour goals
to enable • We assess where we are now – policy related to
sustainable living and behaviours across the 4Es
citizen focused
• We draw on wider models, theories, and approaches
policy and
& feedback from users of the framework – our approach
communications
• We test +pilot delivery across the ‘triangle of change’ with
activity that is government, business, communities +civil society
targeted, • We identify and use key insights from our evidence base
engaging, • Establish what different groups are willing and able to do
relevant, and • Identify motivations and barriers (at individual and societal levels)
delivered more • We identify and share best practice for influencing behaviour,
delivery programmes and communications activity; and
effectively.
• Provide tailored advice to policy and comms; tools to build
capability in Defra and enable civil society and business to use
4. We recognise there are many factors contributing to
human behaviour
Infrastructure Experience
Environmental
change Norms
Culture Attitudes
Social Beliefs
Geography Habits
networks
Influencing
Situational Behavioural Self-
human
factors factors efficacy
behaviour
Institutional
framework Values
Identity
Access to Social Awareness
capital learning
Knowledge
Information Altruism
Leadership
Perceptions
5. To enable sustainable lifestyles we need
to understand:
• The key behaviours people and businesses would maintain to support
sustainable lifestyles
• What people/business are currently doing, what different groups will do, and
with what level of support
• Where the key impacts are (e.g. in production, use, disposal)
• The motivations and barriers to action (e.g. benefits of current action vs
desired; level of existing infrastructure etc)
• The package of tools/interventions that will secure the change and the way
these can be developed to be most effective
• Who should develop and deliver these and where partnership is key (e.g.
government, business, communities, civil society, membership organisations
etc)
Understanding all of this informs the development of interventions that
address motivations and barriers at a personal and societal level
6. We know why people are acting and why
they are not – the evidence shows...
• I won‟t if you don‟t and why should I - fairness and trust is key
What others • People‟s behaviour follows the behaviour of others – social norms
are doing is • People need to see exemplification – government and business should act first
key • People want to be involved – e.g. active involvement in decision making
• Localism and community action – feeling connected to the place I live matters
• People learn from each other - peer to peer learning
Skills and • Self efficacy & agency – knowledge, skills and feeling capable of making a difference
ability more • People are sceptical about the problem, causes, and value of action
important than
understanding • Understanding the science of climate change is not a prerequisite for action
• Ability to act and ease of action – e.g. access to the right infrastructure
• Fit with self identity and status – who I am and how others see me
• People are more concerned by loss (costs) than gain – focus on what you‟ll lose by
What’s in it inaction rather than what you‟ll save by acting
for me is
• Lifestyle fit – people don‟t really want to change their lives
important
• People „only want to do their bit‟ – people will only do enough to alleviate guilt or feel
good (and often this is a little)
‘It just makes • Not all sustainable behaviours are motivated by environmental concerns – some act to
sense’ though avoid wastefulness, to feel good, to make cost savings or be a little frugal
making a • There is a disconnect between the small actions and the big issue
difference • People desire feedback on progress and validation – they want to know they are doing
matters the „right‟ things and progress is being made
7. We identify those motivations and barriers
most pertinent for different policy teams
Our focus is understanding behaviours in their lifestyle context; starting where
people are and understanding the way people live. We explore how different
groups of people see and experience the behaviours in their lifestyles.
Sustainable lifestyles are key for a number of policy areas. We
package together the most relevant insights for different policy areas;
• Minimising waste
• Enjoying and protecting the natural environment
• Food: growing, buying, cooking and eating sustainable and healthy food
• Using water wisely within the home
• Eco-upgrading your home – focus on energy and water efficient
upgrades and retrofits
• Sustainable travel
8. Waste prevention: why people are acting and
why they are not – the evidence shows...
• Waste prevention behaviours are not the norm for most people and existing norms support behaviour
that goes against reducing waste– e.g. replacing goods before broken to have „latest‟ model and for
What others social approval
are doing is • People‟s behaviour is affected by what others do and their perceptions of why others act e.g. social
key stigma is attached to some waste prevention behaviours such as buying second-hand
• Some think that it is „someone else‟s responsibility‟ to take action – e.g. supermarkets for food and
packaging waste
• Ability to act is determined by people‟s access to and knowledge of facilities and services (e.g. who
Skills and collects furniture for reuse); constraints (e.g. time); level of convenience (e.g. is it easy to get to)
ability more • Lack of skills to repair and reuse to make the most of what people have
important than • Weak self-efficacy discourages action as people feel their contribution is marginal compared to the scale
understanding of the issue
• Waste prevention behaviours are based on ingrained habits, as well as a lack of conscious awareness
• Role of self identity – e.g. identity for some is defined through the acquisition of „stuff‟
What’s in it • Use wide range of values to encourage action – e.g. the notion of „care‟ and sense of responsibility have
for me is emerged as a key drivers of donation
important • Cost is likely to be a motivator of waste prevention behaviours, though impacts may not be as intended
e.g. buying second-hand goods gives people access to mainstream products at lower price
‘It just makes • People only want to do their bit and many believe they are already „doing their bit‟ by recycling
sense’ though • The dominance of the recycling norm - there is a tendency to equate „reduce waste‟ with „recycling‟
making a • Lack of visibility of waste prevention behaviours constrains action
difference • Some seek to avoid waste in their lifestyle - this is distinct to following „waste prevention behaviours‟
matters which are not understood or seen as a package of behaviours
9. Eco-upgrading your home: why people are
acting and why they are not – the evidence
shows...
• Some think its „someone else‟s responsibility‟ to take action – e.g. energy suppliers, business &
Government, but some are sceptical about their motives for action
What others • People make (sometimes wrong) assumptions about modern products and levels of choice-editing
are doing is (e.g. believing it to be more extensive than it is). They expect Government and business to make it
key easier for them to act as well as acting themselves
• Lack of social norms – while energy efficient light bulbs is a norm for many groups, this is not so for
other energy efficient behaviours. In addition these behaviours are not visible or status behaviours
• Ability to act is determined by people‟s access to products & knowledge of options; constraints (e.g.
cost); level of convenience (e.g. how easy it is to install)
Skills and • Remains confusion about what retro-fit measures are & people struggle to identify a need for them
ability more • Hassle and disruption – including effort associated with choosing the fix or technology, finding a
important than reputable installer, preparation to have the work done, and the work itself
understanding • Fix, forget, and poor in-use support – it‟s not sufficient to just install technological solutions, people
need to be supported to use technology effectively with feedback and engagement over time.
Without this retrofitting measures can have unintended consequences e.g. people turn up the heat
• Identity – measures need to live up to people‟s expectations of „normal‟ products. Some retro-fit
measures could be status behaviours and a desire to improve social-status could be hook to
encouraging take-up (e.g. to move take-up beyond just the early adopters)
What’s in it
• Cost is a barrier to action – e.g. people want to save money but over-estimate savings; savings are
for me is often not sufficient to overcome other barriers (e.g. hassle). Initial outlay can be a barrier e.g. for
important groups not able to afford the upfront costs
• Aesthetic tastes (fashion/style) and fit with lifestyle (e.g. it‟s not for me) are central to why people
reject retrofit technologies
‘It just makes • Use a mix of emotional and rational cues to encourage take-up – e.g. use people‟s desire for comfort,
dislike of wastefulness, and emotional cues like „warmth‟ rather than just saving energy and money
sense’ though
• People need feedback on progress and info to validate the need to act e.g. there is a lack of
making a understanding between „just having insulation‟ and having „good insulation‟ that meets standards
difference • There are perceived risks associated with taking up new and “untried” technology – e.g. people need to
matters know how the technology will look/work, that technologies are reliable.
10. What else does the evidence tell us?
• Be positive - people are tired of „doom and gloom‟ and the
evidence shows that using fear does not contribute to success.
Instead, the use of fear can alienate people and create a sense of
hopelessness
• Work with what is most likely to motivate action – not everything
needs to be solely linked to climate change or the environment
• Trust is important– and it differs for different groups and issues
• People need feedback on progress made
• People want validation they are doing the ‘right’ things
• People want to see climate change back on the agenda –
reconcile economic recovery with climate change
11. We developed a tool to help us make the most of
evidence base - an evidence based segmentation
model
We developed an evidence based segmentation model to inform which
approaches will be most effective with different population groups (segments)
• Research informed the basis of the model - people‟s values, beliefs and
attitudes towards the environment
• There are 7 segments – Positive Greens; Waste Watchers; Concerned
Consumers; Sideline Supporters; Cautious Participants; Stalled Starters;
Honestly Disengaged
• Wider data built our understanding of the 7 segments. Segment profiles also
include willingness to act; reported behaviours, sociodemographics etc
For each segment, we assess the willingness and ability to act. We assess
where the potential is to do more, and the types of measures most likely to
enable this using the four broad groups in Defra‟s 4Es tool
• For example, an approach that focuses on making it easy for people to act
through providing the infrastructure and facilities (enable) and engaging
people using creative approaches and trusted intermediaries is unlikely to
increase uptake across the whole population. Such an approach is most likely
to engage Positive Greens, Concerned Consumers, and Sideline Supporters
12. Defra‟s evidence based public Potential High High potential and willing
segmentation model to do more
Enable
Positive greens
I think it’s important that I do
Waste watchers
Engage as much as I can to limit my
‘Waste not, want not’ that’s impact on the environment.
important, you should live Concerned 18%
life thinking about what you consumers
are doing and using. I think I do more than a lot of
12% people. Still, going away is
Cautious participants important, I’d find that hard to give
Encourage I do a couple of things to help up..well I wouldn’t, so carbon off-
the environment. I’d really like setting would make me feel better.
to do more, well as long as I 14%
Exemplify saw others were.
Willing
14% Sideline supporters to Act
Enable I think climate change is a big
problem for us. I know I don’t
High
think much about how much
Low water or electricity I use, and I
Stalled starters forget to turn things off..I’d like to
I don’t know much about do a bit more.
climate change. I can’t 14%
afford a car so I use public
transport.. I’d like a car
Honestly though.
disengaged 10%
Maybe there’ll be an
environmental disaster, maybe
not. Makes no difference to Encourage
me, I’m just living life the way I We assess where the
want to. Enable potential is to do more and
18%
Low potential and how to encourage this
unwilling Low
13. We’ve identified best practice principles
for delivering change
• Need an integrated package of interventions – most effective are multiple measures
at multiple levels drawing on full range of policy and communications tools
• It‟s a long term process – effective packages are likely to develop over time and draw
No single in different tools
solution • We need to take risks and pilot innovative approaches to inform delivery
• Different approaches and packages are effective for different population groups;
where seeking to break habits, there are specific techniques to include
• Effective solutions may be linked to non-environmental initiatives
• Work across the triangle of change (government, business, civil society, individuals
and communities) - collective action is needed to enable others to act and Government
We has a facilitation role to encourage action at all levels
• Government, business and civil society need to act themselves and be consistent
will if • Increase choice editing (removing the worst offending products) and enable
sustainable choices
you will • Address cross-cutting barriers and ensure target groups are able to act
e.g. exemplification; infrastructure and facilities available, accessible, and promoted
• Understand where people are starting from and where they‟d like to be
• Take a lifestyle approach to engagement – e.g. make the links across policy areas
Start and make the connections to how people experience the behaviours and practices
where • Work with communities to identify the issues they face and collaboratively design
solutions
people • Work with what we know motivates different groups – e.g. go beyond
are environmental concern and saving money
• Work with trusted intermediaries (civil society, business, communities)
• Engage the ‘influencers’ and catalytic individuals in people‟s social networks
14. Our tools - the 4Es model provides one tool to
ensure a mix of interventions
SYSTEMS & CAPACITY: make it easier to act Influencing
Remove barriers/ ensure ability to act; Build behaviour is most
understanding; Provide facilities/viable alternatives; effective when
Educate/train/provide skills; Provide capacity measures are
combined from
Enable across these four
PROVIDE broad categories of
INCENTIVES & policy tools
DISINCENTIVES:
give the right
Is the Get people
signals package
Encourage Engage involved
enough to
INCENTIVES to Work with trusted
catalyse
encourage, and change? intermediaries;
DISINCENTIVES Use networks;
to ensure your Coproduce;
target audience Use insight to
responds; mobilise
Exemplify population groups
Provide
feedback DEMONSTRATE SHARED RESPONSIBILITY (segment)
Lead by example; Consistency in policies;
Demonstrate others are acting
Defra 4Es tool is embedded in Government‟s Mindspace tool within the 6Es, which highlights the importance of initial exploratory work and evaluation to add „explore‟ and „evaluate‟
15. Our tools: MINDSPACE helps us achieve
a holistic approach
Messenger We are heavily influenced by who
communicates information
Incentives Our responses to incentives are shaped by
predictable mental shortcuts, such as strongly
avoiding losses
Norms We are strongly influenced by what others do
Defaults We ‘go with the flow’ of pre-set options
Salience Our attention is drawn to what is novel and
seems relevant to us
Priming Our actions are often influenced by sub-
conscious cues
Affect Our emotional associations can powerfully
shape our actions
Commitments We seek to be consistent with our public
promises, and reciprocate acts
Ego We act in ways that make us feel better about
ourselves
16. Testing approaches: We will if you will – working
with business and civil society to motivate and
enable ‘eat seasonably’
We will if you will is an innovative approach to mobilise change by bringing together a
coalition from business, civil society, and government. Such a coalition can broaden
engagement, address barriers to action, and build new norms for specific behaviours. Defra
provided funding to enable development and delivery of pilot activity in 2009 and 2010.
Who’s involved now?
The issue and year on year focus • 40 principal partners including major retailers (e.g.
Sainsbury‟s, Tesco, Asda); horticultural organisations
• Low awareness of what is in season when: lack of understanding of
(e.g. Royal Horticultural Society, Garden Organic);
the benefits of choosing in season produce; and limited practical food service sector (e.g. Brakes); civil society
assistance available to help people enjoy seasonal fruit and organisations (e.g. The National Trust, WWF, WI)
vegetables • 1600 local food service partners (including
restaurants, greengrocers, cafes in NT, hospitals etc)
• Focus of initial activity (2009) was on „grow your own‟ - a way in to • Financial contributions made by Kingfisher, Asda
engagement with food and sustainable diets • Significant in kind contributions from partners (such
as staff time, marketing activity) and support for
• Year 2 (2010) focuses on „eat seasonably‟ - a further step to a government involvement and seed funding
sustainable diet. Activity also makes links to wider sustainable
behaviours (e.g. reducing food waste) and links with related activity
(e.g. using peat free compost)
• Year 3 proposal focuses on increasing family skills to cook with
seasonal fruit and vegetables – to go beyond the 9 meals many cook
Who delivers this activity?
• Defra‟s Centre of Expertise in Influencing Behaviour leads this activity with a multi-disciplinary team including comms and policy
• Social enterprise „Behaviour change‟ delivers, with a Project Board including CEOs of Sainsbury‟s, WWF, RSPB and Managing
Director of British Gas
17.
18. Using small-scale pilots to test innovative
techniques to behavioural issues
• Developing effective approaches to support people to live sustainable lifestyles requires
building innovative solutions.
• Not all behavioural interventions are tried and tested. We need to take an innovative
approach to how we think about problems, and the interventions/ solutions we develop.
• Through developing small-scale pilots, we can test innovative techniques (based on
theoretical insights) to identify what works, what does not work, and why. These small-
scale pilots provide an important stepping stone to developing a case for/ or against wider
scale-up or rollout.
• We are piloting five projects. Each project draws on theory and is testing an approach
where evidence suggests there is potential for change. The pilot projects follow an action
based research design, this research technique helps ensure that learning is fully captured,
and fed back into the project as the pilot progresses.
19. Piloting interventions at ‘moments of
change’: Energy Watch
As people move through different stages of their lives they need to reassess their
behaviour. Life events provide opportunities when people are more receptive to change.
Targeting interventions (and behaviours) at these times may lead to more effective
outcomes.
• Defra is piloting a small-scale project at five This project involves testing five different intervention,
one at each of the five universities:
universities, to test leaving home for the first
• Awareness campaigns
time as a „moments of change‟. Moments of • Providing peer-to-peer support through student reps
change are not interventions in their own right, • Exemplify the actions the university is doing to
they represent „windows‟ in peoples lives when reduce energy and making these visible to students
• Creating competitions between different halls of
they may be more able to do things differently. residents and providing feedback on progress
• Working with first and second year students, • Financial incentives
The impact and effectiveness of each of the techniques
the project tests the effectiveness of different
is being compared.
techniques aimed at encouraging students to
adopt energy-efficient behaviours.
• As students move from halls of residence in
the first year, to private accommodation in the
second year, the project looks at whether new
behaviours adopted are maintained over time.
20. Key principles to inform approaches
We will if you will
• Make the ‘right’ choices easier – co-design and partnership delivery involving Government,
business, communities, and civil society can address the barriers to uptake, be more
effective, and provide a mandate to help „green‟ lifestyles incrementally
• Leading by example and consistency are core foundations - demonstrating government
and business are acting themselves as well as enabling others to act is critical. People don‟t
view policies in isolation - demonstrating consistency in national and local government
policies can show the importance of the issue
Start where people are
• Encourage people to see sustainable lifestyles differently - understand how people feel
about current behaviours and „desired‟ behaviours. Make the links to what different groups
care about – go beyond environmental concern – and across lifestyles
No single solution
• Multiple measures at multiple levels – design a package of measures to enable different
groups to act. Development is informed by our understanding of what is more likely to work;
of why people act and why they do not; and of people‟s responses to different interventions