The document discusses progress being made in artificial intelligence, including timelines for when AI may reach human-level capabilities in different areas, who the leaders are in driving AI progress, and how individuals and organizations can prepare for the future of AI by learning skills like programming and participating in online AI challenges and leaderboards.
This document summarizes a presentation on the future of AI given by Jim Spohrer of IBM Research. Some key points from the presentation include:
- AI progress is being measured using open leaderboards to benchmark progress on tasks like question answering, translation, and video understanding.
- The timeline for solving different AI/IA tasks ranges from the next 5-10 years for pattern recognition to 20-30 years for commonsense reasoning and human-level performance.
- Preparing for the AI future involves participating in open source AI communities on GitHub and open challenges on platforms like Kaggle. It also involves learning skills like rapidly rebuilding systems from scratch.
- Both the benefits and risks of AI include impacts on jobs
The document summarizes a presentation on the future of AI. It discusses measuring progress through leaderboards, with countries like Korea and China leading in industrial robot adoption. It outlines questions around timelines for solving AI, who is driving progress, and potential benefits and risks. These include job loss as a short term risk and superintelligence as a longer term risk. Other technologies like augmented reality may have a bigger impact. Stakeholders in AI include individuals, businesses, governments, and more. The presentation emphasizes preparing for AI through participating in open source projects, leaderboard challenges, and learning about related fields.
The document discusses the history and future of artificial intelligence and cognitive computing, including milestones from the Dartmouth Conference in 1956 to modern systems like Watson, and a vision for the role of cognitive systems in augmenting human intelligence and capabilities by 2035 through tools like cognitive mediators. It also addresses the types and capabilities of different digital cognitive systems, partnerships in AI research, and applications of cognitive computing in areas like education, healthcare and more.
The document summarizes a panel discussion on skills for digital transformation. It introduces the panel chairs and members, which include professors, administrators, and an IBM vice president. Short biographies are provided for several of the panel members, including Theodor Borangiu, a professor from University Politehnica of Bucharest who founded research centers; Thierry Picq, an academic dean and professor of human resources management; and Gary Kildare, a vice president of human resources at IBM with over 30 years of international experience.
The document discusses the development of smarter service systems through cognitive augmentation. It covers:
1) The growing market for exoskeletons and other robotic technologies that will be integrated into our lives through devices like clothing, vehicles, homes, and cities.
2) How cognitive systems can augment people and organizations, making "smart service systems" that enhance human performance.
3) The need to develop "intelligence augmentation" through partnerships between people and intelligent machines, rather than just focusing on artificial intelligence alone.
Jim Spohrer from IBM discusses the future of AI, noting that while deep learning has advanced pattern recognition using large datasets and computing power, true AI requires commonsense reasoning that will take longer to achieve. He outlines IBM's work in AI over time, from early pioneers to current projects, and proposes a framework for benchmarking progress towards human-level AI based on capabilities like perception, cognition, and social skills.
1) Jim Spohrer from IBM discusses Cognition as a Service (CaaS), where cognitive capabilities from AI such as natural language processing, machine learning, and decision support become available as services in the cloud and on devices.
2) Building cognitive systems is still challenging, but will become easier over the next 10 years as the building blocks of AI improve.
3) Spohrer advocates developing a new curriculum to help people build, understand, and work with cognitive systems as they continue to advance.
This document summarizes a presentation on the future of AI given by Jim Spohrer of IBM Research. Some key points from the presentation include:
- AI progress is being measured using open leaderboards to benchmark progress on tasks like question answering, translation, and video understanding.
- The timeline for solving different AI/IA tasks ranges from the next 5-10 years for pattern recognition to 20-30 years for commonsense reasoning and human-level performance.
- Preparing for the AI future involves participating in open source AI communities on GitHub and open challenges on platforms like Kaggle. It also involves learning skills like rapidly rebuilding systems from scratch.
- Both the benefits and risks of AI include impacts on jobs
The document summarizes a presentation on the future of AI. It discusses measuring progress through leaderboards, with countries like Korea and China leading in industrial robot adoption. It outlines questions around timelines for solving AI, who is driving progress, and potential benefits and risks. These include job loss as a short term risk and superintelligence as a longer term risk. Other technologies like augmented reality may have a bigger impact. Stakeholders in AI include individuals, businesses, governments, and more. The presentation emphasizes preparing for AI through participating in open source projects, leaderboard challenges, and learning about related fields.
The document discusses the history and future of artificial intelligence and cognitive computing, including milestones from the Dartmouth Conference in 1956 to modern systems like Watson, and a vision for the role of cognitive systems in augmenting human intelligence and capabilities by 2035 through tools like cognitive mediators. It also addresses the types and capabilities of different digital cognitive systems, partnerships in AI research, and applications of cognitive computing in areas like education, healthcare and more.
The document summarizes a panel discussion on skills for digital transformation. It introduces the panel chairs and members, which include professors, administrators, and an IBM vice president. Short biographies are provided for several of the panel members, including Theodor Borangiu, a professor from University Politehnica of Bucharest who founded research centers; Thierry Picq, an academic dean and professor of human resources management; and Gary Kildare, a vice president of human resources at IBM with over 30 years of international experience.
The document discusses the development of smarter service systems through cognitive augmentation. It covers:
1) The growing market for exoskeletons and other robotic technologies that will be integrated into our lives through devices like clothing, vehicles, homes, and cities.
2) How cognitive systems can augment people and organizations, making "smart service systems" that enhance human performance.
3) The need to develop "intelligence augmentation" through partnerships between people and intelligent machines, rather than just focusing on artificial intelligence alone.
Jim Spohrer from IBM discusses the future of AI, noting that while deep learning has advanced pattern recognition using large datasets and computing power, true AI requires commonsense reasoning that will take longer to achieve. He outlines IBM's work in AI over time, from early pioneers to current projects, and proposes a framework for benchmarking progress towards human-level AI based on capabilities like perception, cognition, and social skills.
1) Jim Spohrer from IBM discusses Cognition as a Service (CaaS), where cognitive capabilities from AI such as natural language processing, machine learning, and decision support become available as services in the cloud and on devices.
2) Building cognitive systems is still challenging, but will become easier over the next 10 years as the building blocks of AI improve.
3) Spohrer advocates developing a new curriculum to help people build, understand, and work with cognitive systems as they continue to advance.
The document discusses the evolution of computing and cognitive systems from the past to the projected future. It describes how cognitive assistants are beginning to appear for various occupations currently, and how they will become more advanced and ubiquitous over time, with tools being available for nonexperts to build their own assistants. The talk outlines a vision of Reality 2.0 where cognitive systems are integrated into most areas of work and life to enhance productivity and creativity by 2035 and beyond.
The document is IBM's response to the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy's request for input on artificial intelligence. It addresses 11 topics, providing an overview of key issues like the use of AI for public good, the social and economic implications of AI, important research gaps, and the need for multi-disciplinary collaboration and open data sets to advance the field safely. It recommends focusing on skills and having a responsible dialogue to develop AI for societal benefit.
Jim Spohrer (IBM) gave a presentation on cognitive startups and the future of computing. He discussed how machine learning and AI are advancing rapidly, with capabilities like image tagging and captioning already available. By 2035, he predicted "cognitive mediators" will be tools that know users better than they know themselves and help people in their jobs and daily lives. While machines are getting smarter, developing wisdom requires focusing on inspiring students to use new technologies to solve problems. The future will require "T-shaped" thinkers with broad skills and deep expertise to build a better world.
This document provides an overview of IBM's work in cognitive computing and artificial intelligence. It discusses IBM's research areas like machine learning, natural language processing, and knowledge representation. It provides a brief history of AI and defines the differences between AI and intelligence augmentation. The document outlines IBM's vision of cognitive systems augmenting workers in different occupations and industries. It showcases some of IBM's cognitive products and services like Watson Discovery Advisor and user modeling capabilities. Overall, the document presents IBM's perspective on the progress and future of cognitive computing.
The document discusses next generation cognitive curriculums and evolving education with cognitive and data sciences. It describes key building blocks for artificial and augmented intelligence including learning, perception, reasoning, interaction and knowledge. It also discusses building blocks for augmented intelligence including science, design, business value, societal impact, and interdisciplinarity. The document presents IBM's cognitive system build approach and types of cognitive system entities. It provides a brief history of AI and discusses challenges in building, understanding and working with cognitive systems.
The document discusses preparing for the future of artificial intelligence. It provides a timeline for solving major AI problems from 2012 to 2035. Leaders in AI are discussed as China, the US, Europe, and other regions. Companies like Microsoft, Google, and IBM are highlighted. The biggest benefits of AI are seen as access to expertise, improved productivity and collaborations. Risks include potential job losses and risks from bad actors if superintelligence is achieved. Other technologies like augmented reality, blockchain, and new materials/energy systems may have an even bigger impact. Stakeholders that need to prepare include individuals, businesses, industries, and governments at all levels.
Jim Spohrer gave a presentation about smarter and wiser service systems. He discussed how building blocks for artificial intelligence like machine learning and cognitive computing are advancing rapidly. However, he questions whether this is making people wiser. By 2035, cognitive mediators could be tools, assistants, collaborators and coaches that help all people in all roles. This could enable a reality where all entities in a network use cognitive mediators to enhance interactions and co-create value. The goal is assisting individuals and organizations in developing wiser service systems that empower employees, customers and citizens.
The document discusses engineering robots and cognitive systems to augment humans and create smarter service systems, highlighting how cognitive tools can take various forms from assistants to mediators and how they will continue improving over time as they gain more experience and people work together with these systems.
The document discusses the future of artificial intelligence and outlines key topics. It notes that narrow AI focused on pattern recognition is developing rapidly due to increased computing power and data, while broad, human-level AI will be much more difficult to achieve and is estimated to still be over a decade away. The document also examines the timeline and challenges of progressing from current narrow AI to advanced artificial intelligence, identifies leading organizations and countries in AI research and development, and discusses some of the potential benefits and risks of AI technology. It emphasizes the importance of open data, models and code in advancing AI for the benefit of all.
Jim Spohrer (IBM) gave a presentation on AI trends at Watson West in San Francisco on June 27, 2017. The presentation covered:
1) Progress in AI capabilities from 1955 to the present day and projections out to 2035 and 2055, including the evolution of cognitive systems from tools to mediators.
2) Examples of current AI technologies like image tagging and natural language processing and how they are being used to augment human work.
3) A vision for the future where "cognitive mediators" will know users better than they know themselves and help people in their personal and professional lives.
4) The importance of developing "T-shaped" skills in the next generation by gaining
The document discusses preparing for the future of artificial intelligence. It outlines the timeline for solving different AI problems, with commonsense reasoning expected around 2023 and intelligence augmentation between 2027-2035. The document also discusses who the current AI leaders are in terms of regions, companies, and leaderboards. Some of the biggest benefits of AI are seen as access to expertise, improved labor productivity, and better choices. Potential risks include job loss in the short term and issues around super intelligence or bad actors. Other technologies like augmented reality, blockchain, and new material/energy systems may have an even bigger impact. The document outlines implications for individuals, businesses, industries, cities, states and nations and suggests preparing by learning, keeping AI open
Jim Spohrer gave a presentation on preparing for the future with open artificial intelligence from a service science perspective. He thanked the organizers for the invitation and discussed four books related to scientific progress and responsibility to future generations. Spohrer explained that service science draws from various disciplines to study value co-creation phenomena and the evolution of complex service systems. He outlined IBM's involvement in establishing service science and discussed concepts like service-dominant logic. Spohrer concluded by taking questions on topics like the timeline for solving AI and implications for stakeholders.
The document discusses the future of skills and talent needed for Industry 4.0. It suggests that future workers will need to have T-shaped skills with both depth in their core discipline and breadth across other areas. Workers will also need skills in empathy, teamwork, and using new "building blocks" like cognitive mediators and AI assistants. By 2035, these cognitive mediators could become common tools that help people collaborate and innovate together on solving grand challenges.
This document summarizes Jim Spohrer's presentation on preparing for the future with open artificial intelligence. It discusses IBM's involvement in open source communities and Kaggle leaderboards for tracking AI progress. The presentation outlines a benchmark roadmap for developing AI abilities from perception to cognition to relationships. It suggests experts may be surprised if human-level AI is achieved in less than 20 years due to rapidly decreasing compute costs. Other technologies like augmented reality, blockchain, and advanced materials may have an even bigger impact by transforming industries. The document concludes by encouraging preparation for this future through open technology AI and challenges on platforms like GitHub and Kaggle.
This document discusses trust in interactions with cognitive assistants. It begins by defining cognitive assistants as new decision tools that can augment human capabilities by understanding our environment with depth and clarity. Cognitive assistants can provide high-quality recommendations to help people make better data-driven decisions, and significantly augment people's problem-solving abilities through interaction. The document then discusses components of trust from different academic disciplines, such as ability, benevolence, integrity, predictability, and shared values. It poses questions about what jobs will remain for humans and ethical issues regarding situations like domestic violence. The document conjectures that AI combined with other information sources could surpass average professionals in some areas. It also speculates that societies of AI may form to optimize tasks in
The document discusses the potential for cognitive systems and cognitive mediators to enhance human capabilities and help address societal challenges. It describes how machine learning and AI are advancing rapidly, with capabilities like image recognition and question answering growing quickly. By 2035, the presentation suggests cognitive mediators could be tools that know users well and help people in various jobs and roles. The document outlines a vision of smarter service systems and industry where cognitive systems and mediators help improve value co-creation and capabilities.
Jim Spohrer from IBM gave a talk on the future of AI. Some key points:
1) IBM is heavily involved in open source AI through its Cognitive Opentech Group and projects on GitHub. Leaderboards like SQuAD are used to measure progress.
2) The timeline for solving difficult AI problems like commonsense reasoning and learning from experience is 5-10 more years. Job and skills impacts will be felt sooner.
3) Stakeholders at all levels need to participate in and learn about open source AI to help build the future and prepare for changes. Understanding how to rapidly rebuild systems from scratch will be important.
The document discusses how technology is increasingly performing work tasks through digital workers, freeing up opportunities for people. It suggests educational technology could help people realize those opportunities. The document outlines how costs of computing are decreasing exponentially, and how AI and machine learning have advanced through deep learning techniques applied to large datasets. It envisions a future where cognitive systems/mediators could take online courses and coach students, with tools enabling much faster development of such systems. Overall, the document presents an optimistic view of how educational technology and cognitive systems could help improve learning and opportunities.
The document discusses the evolution of computing and cognitive systems from the past to the projected future. It describes how cognitive assistants are beginning to appear for various occupations currently, and how they will become more advanced and ubiquitous over time, with tools being available for nonexperts to build their own assistants. The talk outlines a vision of Reality 2.0 where cognitive systems are integrated into most areas of work and life to enhance productivity and creativity by 2035 and beyond.
The document is IBM's response to the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy's request for input on artificial intelligence. It addresses 11 topics, providing an overview of key issues like the use of AI for public good, the social and economic implications of AI, important research gaps, and the need for multi-disciplinary collaboration and open data sets to advance the field safely. It recommends focusing on skills and having a responsible dialogue to develop AI for societal benefit.
Jim Spohrer (IBM) gave a presentation on cognitive startups and the future of computing. He discussed how machine learning and AI are advancing rapidly, with capabilities like image tagging and captioning already available. By 2035, he predicted "cognitive mediators" will be tools that know users better than they know themselves and help people in their jobs and daily lives. While machines are getting smarter, developing wisdom requires focusing on inspiring students to use new technologies to solve problems. The future will require "T-shaped" thinkers with broad skills and deep expertise to build a better world.
This document provides an overview of IBM's work in cognitive computing and artificial intelligence. It discusses IBM's research areas like machine learning, natural language processing, and knowledge representation. It provides a brief history of AI and defines the differences between AI and intelligence augmentation. The document outlines IBM's vision of cognitive systems augmenting workers in different occupations and industries. It showcases some of IBM's cognitive products and services like Watson Discovery Advisor and user modeling capabilities. Overall, the document presents IBM's perspective on the progress and future of cognitive computing.
The document discusses next generation cognitive curriculums and evolving education with cognitive and data sciences. It describes key building blocks for artificial and augmented intelligence including learning, perception, reasoning, interaction and knowledge. It also discusses building blocks for augmented intelligence including science, design, business value, societal impact, and interdisciplinarity. The document presents IBM's cognitive system build approach and types of cognitive system entities. It provides a brief history of AI and discusses challenges in building, understanding and working with cognitive systems.
The document discusses preparing for the future of artificial intelligence. It provides a timeline for solving major AI problems from 2012 to 2035. Leaders in AI are discussed as China, the US, Europe, and other regions. Companies like Microsoft, Google, and IBM are highlighted. The biggest benefits of AI are seen as access to expertise, improved productivity and collaborations. Risks include potential job losses and risks from bad actors if superintelligence is achieved. Other technologies like augmented reality, blockchain, and new materials/energy systems may have an even bigger impact. Stakeholders that need to prepare include individuals, businesses, industries, and governments at all levels.
Jim Spohrer gave a presentation about smarter and wiser service systems. He discussed how building blocks for artificial intelligence like machine learning and cognitive computing are advancing rapidly. However, he questions whether this is making people wiser. By 2035, cognitive mediators could be tools, assistants, collaborators and coaches that help all people in all roles. This could enable a reality where all entities in a network use cognitive mediators to enhance interactions and co-create value. The goal is assisting individuals and organizations in developing wiser service systems that empower employees, customers and citizens.
The document discusses engineering robots and cognitive systems to augment humans and create smarter service systems, highlighting how cognitive tools can take various forms from assistants to mediators and how they will continue improving over time as they gain more experience and people work together with these systems.
The document discusses the future of artificial intelligence and outlines key topics. It notes that narrow AI focused on pattern recognition is developing rapidly due to increased computing power and data, while broad, human-level AI will be much more difficult to achieve and is estimated to still be over a decade away. The document also examines the timeline and challenges of progressing from current narrow AI to advanced artificial intelligence, identifies leading organizations and countries in AI research and development, and discusses some of the potential benefits and risks of AI technology. It emphasizes the importance of open data, models and code in advancing AI for the benefit of all.
Jim Spohrer (IBM) gave a presentation on AI trends at Watson West in San Francisco on June 27, 2017. The presentation covered:
1) Progress in AI capabilities from 1955 to the present day and projections out to 2035 and 2055, including the evolution of cognitive systems from tools to mediators.
2) Examples of current AI technologies like image tagging and natural language processing and how they are being used to augment human work.
3) A vision for the future where "cognitive mediators" will know users better than they know themselves and help people in their personal and professional lives.
4) The importance of developing "T-shaped" skills in the next generation by gaining
The document discusses preparing for the future of artificial intelligence. It outlines the timeline for solving different AI problems, with commonsense reasoning expected around 2023 and intelligence augmentation between 2027-2035. The document also discusses who the current AI leaders are in terms of regions, companies, and leaderboards. Some of the biggest benefits of AI are seen as access to expertise, improved labor productivity, and better choices. Potential risks include job loss in the short term and issues around super intelligence or bad actors. Other technologies like augmented reality, blockchain, and new material/energy systems may have an even bigger impact. The document outlines implications for individuals, businesses, industries, cities, states and nations and suggests preparing by learning, keeping AI open
Jim Spohrer gave a presentation on preparing for the future with open artificial intelligence from a service science perspective. He thanked the organizers for the invitation and discussed four books related to scientific progress and responsibility to future generations. Spohrer explained that service science draws from various disciplines to study value co-creation phenomena and the evolution of complex service systems. He outlined IBM's involvement in establishing service science and discussed concepts like service-dominant logic. Spohrer concluded by taking questions on topics like the timeline for solving AI and implications for stakeholders.
The document discusses the future of skills and talent needed for Industry 4.0. It suggests that future workers will need to have T-shaped skills with both depth in their core discipline and breadth across other areas. Workers will also need skills in empathy, teamwork, and using new "building blocks" like cognitive mediators and AI assistants. By 2035, these cognitive mediators could become common tools that help people collaborate and innovate together on solving grand challenges.
This document summarizes Jim Spohrer's presentation on preparing for the future with open artificial intelligence. It discusses IBM's involvement in open source communities and Kaggle leaderboards for tracking AI progress. The presentation outlines a benchmark roadmap for developing AI abilities from perception to cognition to relationships. It suggests experts may be surprised if human-level AI is achieved in less than 20 years due to rapidly decreasing compute costs. Other technologies like augmented reality, blockchain, and advanced materials may have an even bigger impact by transforming industries. The document concludes by encouraging preparation for this future through open technology AI and challenges on platforms like GitHub and Kaggle.
This document discusses trust in interactions with cognitive assistants. It begins by defining cognitive assistants as new decision tools that can augment human capabilities by understanding our environment with depth and clarity. Cognitive assistants can provide high-quality recommendations to help people make better data-driven decisions, and significantly augment people's problem-solving abilities through interaction. The document then discusses components of trust from different academic disciplines, such as ability, benevolence, integrity, predictability, and shared values. It poses questions about what jobs will remain for humans and ethical issues regarding situations like domestic violence. The document conjectures that AI combined with other information sources could surpass average professionals in some areas. It also speculates that societies of AI may form to optimize tasks in
The document discusses the potential for cognitive systems and cognitive mediators to enhance human capabilities and help address societal challenges. It describes how machine learning and AI are advancing rapidly, with capabilities like image recognition and question answering growing quickly. By 2035, the presentation suggests cognitive mediators could be tools that know users well and help people in various jobs and roles. The document outlines a vision of smarter service systems and industry where cognitive systems and mediators help improve value co-creation and capabilities.
Jim Spohrer from IBM gave a talk on the future of AI. Some key points:
1) IBM is heavily involved in open source AI through its Cognitive Opentech Group and projects on GitHub. Leaderboards like SQuAD are used to measure progress.
2) The timeline for solving difficult AI problems like commonsense reasoning and learning from experience is 5-10 more years. Job and skills impacts will be felt sooner.
3) Stakeholders at all levels need to participate in and learn about open source AI to help build the future and prepare for changes. Understanding how to rapidly rebuild systems from scratch will be important.
The document discusses how technology is increasingly performing work tasks through digital workers, freeing up opportunities for people. It suggests educational technology could help people realize those opportunities. The document outlines how costs of computing are decreasing exponentially, and how AI and machine learning have advanced through deep learning techniques applied to large datasets. It envisions a future where cognitive systems/mediators could take online courses and coach students, with tools enabling much faster development of such systems. Overall, the document presents an optimistic view of how educational technology and cognitive systems could help improve learning and opportunities.
Jim Spohrer from IBM gave a presentation at the NSF about the future of AI and education. He discussed that AI progress is being measured using open leaderboards and benchmarks. The timeline for solving difficult AI problems like commonsense reasoning and learning from reading is estimated to be between 2021-2030. The biggest benefits of AI will be increased productivity and access to expertise, while the main risks are job loss and potential for misuse. Other technologies like augmented reality may have an even bigger impact. Stakeholders in AI include individuals, businesses, and governments. To prepare for AI, people should learn skills like coding and understanding open source tools and data.
The document discusses future directions and timelines for artificial intelligence (AI). It provides a projected timeline for when different AI capabilities may be achieved and at what cost. Some key points discussed include:
- By 2040, "narrow AI" systems capable of specific tasks like recognition may cost around $1,000, and "broad AI" systems capable of reasoning may follow by 2060 at similar costs.
- Labor costs are projected to decrease over time relative to the decreasing costs of AI systems, with digital workers potentially outcompeting human labor on a cost basis.
- An framework of AI progress and capabilities is presented, spanning perception, cognition, relationships and roles. Milestones and benchmark leaderboards are discussed
The document provides an overview of IBM's journey towards becoming a services company. It discusses IBM's revenue by sector over time as it transitioned from hardware to services. It also outlines the stages of this journey and lessons learned, including the importance of open innovation and the flow of talent, technology, trust, and truth in changing business models. The presentation concludes by discussing future-ready skills and implications for stakeholders as AI progresses.
Jim from IBM discusses the future of AI. He talks about successes in AI such as image recognition and challenges such as commonsense reasoning. IBM has launched various initiatives related to AI such as the IBM-MIT collaboration and IBM Quantum. The Center for Open Source Data and AI Technologies (CODAIT) aims to make AI solutions easier to create and deploy using open source. The talk discusses types of AI systems, where AI is in the hype cycle, and how data is becoming AI. It outlines a roadmap for solving AI using leaderboards and better building blocks and discusses implications for identity, trust and resilience.
The document discusses the future of AI, including how AI has progressed over time from early systems like Deep Blue and Watson to current advances in deep learning for pattern recognition, but that commonsense reasoning will still take many more years of research. It outlines a timeline for solving different AI problems based on leaderboards and benchmarks, and discusses implications for stakeholders in preparing for both the benefits and risks of advancing AI technologies.
This document discusses the future of artificial intelligence (AI) and provides timelines and considerations. It addresses key questions such as the timeline for solving AI, leaders in the field, potential benefits and risks of AI, other impactful technologies, implications for stakeholders, and how to prepare for AI. The presentation outlines a framework for progress in AI capabilities from narrow to broad to general AI. It also discusses emerging technologies like augmented reality, blockchain, advanced materials and their potential impacts.
This document discusses the future of artificial intelligence and cognitive systems. It presents a timeline for solving various AI problems from 2012 to 2039. It also discusses experts who may be surprised if certain problems are solved faster or slower than predicted. The document outlines leaders and benchmarks in AI progress. It discusses the potential benefits of AI, such as increased productivity and access to expertise, as well as risks like job loss and potential issues from superintelligence. It suggests strategies for stakeholders to prepare for and benefit from advances in AI.
Jim Spohrer, director of IBM Cognitive OpenTech, discusses AI at IBM including its past, present, and future. Some key points include:
- IBM made early contributions to AI through projects like Deep Blue (chess-playing computer) and Watson (Jeopardy-playing computer).
- The present state of AI is focused on deep learning for pattern recognition tasks due to available data and computing power.
- The future of AI will require capabilities beyond deep learning like commonsense reasoning, which will take additional research over the next 5-10 years.
- IBM is working on technologies like quantum computing and blockchain to advance AI and tackle challenges like explainability, security, and ethics.
- Open source projects and
1) The document discusses preparing for the future of artificial intelligence, including timelines for developing capabilities like commonsense reasoning and learning from doing.
2) It outlines potential benefits of AI like access to expertise and improved productivity, as well as risks like job loss, and recommends preparing by contributing to open source projects and improving skills.
3) Other emerging technologies like augmented reality, blockchain, and advanced materials could also have major impacts on individuals, businesses, industries and societies.
IBM has been working on AI for decades, with early pioneers like Nathan Rochester. Currently, IBM is focusing on making AI more accessible through open source projects like CODAIT and Model Asset eXchange. IBM contributes to many open source projects related to AI and machine learning like Apache Spark. The future of AI involves continuing to build better basic building blocks for tasks like perception, reasoning and social skills. Ensuring AI is developed responsibly to benefit humanity is important as the technology progresses.
Jim from IBM discusses the future of AI. He notes that while AI is currently hyped, pattern recognition using deep learning only works because of the large amounts of data and computing power now available. True AI requiring commonsense reasoning is still 5-10 years away. He outlines a timeline for solving different AI problems and notes IBM's $240 million partnership with MIT to advance AI. The benefits of AI include access to expertise and improved productivity, but risks include job loss and potential issues with superintelligence. Other technologies like augmented reality may have a larger impact. Stakeholders in AI include individuals, organizations, governments, and industries. [END SUMMARY]
This document discusses the future of AI and provides an overview of key topics including:
- AI is currently at the peak of hype but deep learning depends on large datasets and computing power which are now available. Commonsense reasoning remains a challenge.
- IBM and MIT have invested $240 million over 10 years in an AI mission to advance capabilities.
- The timeline for solving AI involves benchmarks like image recognition, translation, and general AI. Full human-level AI may be 5-10 years away.
- Leaders in AI include companies investing heavily in research like IBM, Google, and Microsoft. Economic benefits are predicted but job losses and risks from advanced AI also exist.
- Other technologies like augmented
Jim from IBM discusses various topics related to artificial intelligence including:
- The timeline for solving different AI problems and reaching human-level performance on benchmarks.
- Leaders and communities driving progress in open source AI.
- Potential benefits of AI including increasing productivity and GDP, as well as risks that need to be addressed.
- Preparing students and citizens for future jobs and skills needed in an increasingly automated world.
- The importance of open source communities working on challenges like bias and fairness in AI.
The document discusses the future of artificial intelligence (AI). It outlines three levels of AI: narrow AI, which focuses on single tasks; broad AI, which can perform multiple tasks across domains; and general AI, which can perform any intellectual task. It notes that currently we are in the narrow AI stage but moving toward broad AI. The document also discusses how AI capabilities will evolve over time to match and eventually exceed human abilities through advances in machine learning and computing power. It outlines an envisioned timeline for AI progressing from perception and pattern recognition capabilities to advanced reasoning, social skills, and autonomy.
The document is a slide presentation given by Jim Spohrer of IBM on October 12, 2017 about artificial intelligence (AI) and intelligence augmentation (IA). Some key points from the presentation include:
- AI has made progress in areas like pattern recognition, learning from large labeled datasets, and games/translation but still faces challenges in video understanding, episodic memory, commonsense reasoning and more.
- IA pairs people with AI/cognitive systems to enhance human capabilities. As AI capabilities progress over time, cognitive systems may become collaborative partners, coaches, and mediators to help people.
- Future benefits of AI include access to expertise to boost productivity and better choices through collaboration, while near term risks include job loss
Host Santokh Badesha: https://www.linkedin.com/in/santokh-badesha-24b72916/
Recommended Readings (If Possible, Skim Before the Talk)
Patent: Management of Usage Costs of a Resource (IBM)
Jim Spohrer patent: Graphical Interface for Interacting Constrained Actors (Apple)
Jim Spohrer's Google Scholar Profile, includes open publications as well as patents
Apple's ATG Authoring Tools - Balancing Open and Proprietary Work
Forbes - Cognitive World
AI Magazine - Role of Open Source in AI
AI and Education 20240327 v16 for Northeastern.pptxISSIP
Prof. Mark L. Miller (https://www.linkedin.com/in/mlmiller751/), Northeastern University, class on AI and Education
Speaker: Jim Spohrer (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/)
===
Speaker: Dr. Jim Spohrer, retired Apple and IBM executive, currently Board of Directors for ISSIP.org (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals).
Title: AI and Education: A Historical Perspective and Possible Future Directions
Abstract: This talk will briefly survey my 50 years working in the area of AI & Education. At MIT (1974- 1978), MIT's summer EXPLO schools for AI and entrepreneurship classes. At Verbex (1978-1982), speech recognition, language models, early generative AI. At Yale (1982-1989), MARCEL, a generate- test-and-debug architecture and student model of programming bugs. At Apple (1989-1998), from content (SK8) to community (EOE) to context (WorldBoard). At IBM (1999 - 2021), service science and open source AI. At ISSIP (2021-present), generative AI and digital twins.
Bio:Jim’s Bio (142 words):
Jim Spohrer is a student of service science and open-source, trusted AI. He is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM), who is a member of the Board of Directors of the non-profit International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP). At IBM, he served as Director for Open Source AI/Data, Global University Programs, IBM Almaden Service Research, and CTO IBM Venture Capital Relations Group. At Apple, he achieved Distinguished Engineer Scientist Technologist (DEST) for authoring and learning platforms. After MIT (BS/Physics), he developed speech recognition systems at Verbex (Exxon), then Yale (PhD/Computer Science AI). With over ninety publications and nine patents, awards include AMA ServSIG Christopher Lovelock Career Contributions to the Service Discipline, Evert Gummesson Service Research, Vargo-Lusch Service-Dominant Logic, Daniel Berg Service Systems, and PICMET Fellow for advancing service science. In 2021, Jim was appointed a UIDP Senior Fellow (University-Industry Demonstration Partnership).
Readings:Apple's ATG Authoring Tools:
URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/279044.279173 Blog: WorldBoard
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/2060 Blog: Reflecting on Generative AI and Digital Twins
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/6521 Book: Service in the AI Era
Attached: Pages 46-54.Video: Speech Recognition (History)
URL: https://youtu.be/G9z4VAsw_kw
Thanks, -Jim
--Jim Spohrer, PhDBoard of Directors, ISSIP (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals) Board of Directors, ServCollab ("Serving Humanity Through Collaboration")Senior Fellow, UIDP ("Strengthening University-Industry Partnerships")Retired Industry Executive (Apple, IBM)
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
Jim Spohrer is an advisor to industry, academia, governments, startups and non-profits on topics of AI upskilling, innovation strategy, and win-win service in the AI era. He is a retired IBM executive and was previously the director of IBM's open-source AI developer ecosystem effort. In this talk, Spohrer discusses topics such as how to keep up with accelerating change, verifying results from generative AI, and understanding how generative AI works through concepts like monkeys at typewriters in high dimensional spaces. He emphasizes balancing hype with realism and doing work alongside gaining knowledge.
This document contains notes from a presentation by Jim Spohrer on leadership, career experiences, and technology topics. The presentation covers collaborating with others, teamwork practices, storytelling, communication skills, leadership habits and mindsets. It includes links to Spohrer's online profiles and resources. Tables provide estimates of increasing GDP per employee over time and a timeline of Spohrer's career highlights and accomplishments in the fields of service science and artificial intelligence.
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
Brno-IESS 20240206 v10 service science ai.pptxISSIP
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
NordicHouse 20240116 AI Quantum IFTF dfiscussionv7.pptxISSIP
Jim Spohrer presented on AI and quantum computing. He discussed the history of AI from the 1955 Dartmouth workshop to modern advances like AlphaGo, GPT-3, and DALL-E 2. Spohrer noted that computation costs have decreased exponentially over time, driving increases in knowledge worker productivity. He highlighted several experts and resources he follows to stay informed on AI capabilities and implications. Spohrer sees opportunities to improve learning and performance through advances in learning sciences, technology, lifelong learning, and early education. The talk addressed how generative AI works and challenges around verification.
20240104 HICSS Panel on AI and Legal Ethical 20240103 v7.pptxISSIP
20240103 HICSS Panel
Ethical and legal implications raised by Generative AI and Augmented Reality in the workplace.
Souren Paul - https://www.linkedin.com/in/souren-paul-a3bbaa5/
Event: https://kmeducationhub.de/hawaii-international-conference-on-system-sciences-hicss/
Congratulations to the organizers of the “Symposium for Celebrating 40 Years of Bayesian Learning in Speech and Language Processing” and to Prof. Chin-Hui Lee of Georgia Tech the Honorary Chair of the Symposium.
Thanks to Huck Yang (Amazon) for the invitation to record this short message.
Huck Yang
URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/huckyang/
Event: https://bayesian40.github.io
Recording:
Slides:
URL: https://professionalschool.eitdigital.eu/generative-ai-essentials
Course on Generative Al
Description:
Generative AI is a world-changing power tool that is getting better by the day. So now is the time to get truly inspired, climb up the learning curve, and unleash more of your creative potential.
Learning Topics:
* Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future
* Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory
* Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era
What You'll Take Away:
By the end of this session, you'll understand the importance of upskilling with today's generative AI tools to get more work done, both faster and at higher quality, as well as some pitfalls to avoid, all within the broader context of the past, present, and future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Intelligence Augmentation (IA).
Learning Topics
Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future.
Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory.
Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era.
Deep dive into ChatGPT's features.
Techniques for basic and advanced prompting and real-world applications.
- Service science has progressed significantly in the past two decades since its inception in the early 2000s.
- However, there is still a long way to go to fully realize the potential of service science and its role in areas like upskilling with AI.
- Looking ahead, some of the biggest challenges will be upskilling entire nations with AI for digital transformation, while also decarbonizing nations through sustainable energy infrastructure - both accomplished through service-based business models.
Spohrer Open Innovation Reflections 20230911 v2.pptxISSIP
September 11, 2023
Berkeley Innovation Forum
Open Innovation Journey
Henry Chesbrough, Solomon Darwin, Jim Spohrer
https://corporateinnovation.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/BIF-Fall2023-7.28.23.pdf
Pre-Event: Monday, September 11, 2023 at The CITRIS Innovation Hub
UC Berkeley, 330 Sutardja Dai Hall, MC 1764
7:45pm - 8:30pm
8:45pm
Fireside Chat: The Open Innovation Journey - Moderated by Henry Chesbrough
Henry Chesbrough
Faculty Director, Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation, UC Berkeley
Olga Diamandis
Former Disney, Smuckers, Mattel, P&G Executive
Jim Spohrer
Former Exec: IBM, Distinguished Scientist at Apple, Director of IBM AI
Nitin Narkhede
General Manager, Emerging Technologies and Innovation, Wipro
Bus pick-up to Hotel Shattuck Plaza
Henry Chesbrough is a professor at the Haas Business School, UC Berkeley, and faculty director of the Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation. An internationally acclaimed author, Dr. Chesbrough’s Open Innovation concept was first introduced in his award-winning book, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology (2003). When he coined the term Open Innovation, he defined an approach that companies around the globe now use to innovate. Today, Chesbrough works directly with companies through Garwood’s programs to apply the principles of Open Innovation, and he continues to refine our understanding through his research and books.
Olga Diamandis is the senior manager at TE Connectivity. Previously, she served as principal technical architect at the Walt Disney Company. She also worked as principal scientst of innovation & knowledge management at The J.M. Smucker Company. Before that, she served as senior manager of Open Innovation at Mattel. She also has experience as a manager of global business development at Procter & Gamble, alongside a previous managerial role at Nestle.
Jim Spohrer previously served as IBM Director of Cognitive OpenTech - which includes open source AI/ML/DL - as well as director of IBM’s deep question-answering system Watson. Prior to that, he worked as a Distinguished Scientist in Learning Research at Apple Computer, Inc. where he developed SK8, Educational Object Economy - an open source learning object community - as well as WorldBoard which served as a vision for Planetary Augmented Reality system.
Nitin Narkhede is General Manager of Emerging Technologies and Innovation at Wipro Technologies. He is responsible for the development of new services and solutions based on emerging trends and technologies at Wipro. Nitin has been in the forefront of a number of technology and business model transitions during his 20 years of work at Wipro. Prior to his current assignment, he managed Wipro’s e-Business Solutions Practice in the Americas. Nitin has over 23 years of experience in the technology industry spanning IT strategy and planning, information systems and software product development, technology strategy and innovation management.
Host:
Bart Raynaud - https://www.linkedin.com/in/bart-raynaud-160a0318/
Title: AI: Past, Present, and Future
Abstract: In 1956, the term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined for a workshop at Dartmouth. Since then there has been waxing and waning enthusiasm and investment, so called "AI Winters" after hype, did not live up to reality. In late 2022, with the release of ChatGPT, and over 100 million users in just 60 days, there is a new wave of hype, investment, excitement, and increased fears of AI use by 'bad actors' for misinformation and other harms to society. What are the future trajectories as this technology is tamed and becomes routine? Are we about to enter a 'golden age' of service in business and society, as technology comes to the service sector, as it came to agriculture and manufacturing in the past?
Bio: Jim Spohrer is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM). In the 1970's, after graduating MIT with a degree in physics, he worked at an AI startup doing speech recognition with mathematical models. In the 1980's, after completing his PhD in Computer Science/AI & Cognitive Science at Yale, he moved to California to join Apple and work on AI for Education. In the late 1990's, he joined IBM as CTO of the Venture Capital Relations group during the internet investment boom, and later started IBM Research's service research area, led IBM Global University Programs, and led IBM's open source AI efforts. Jim's most recent co-authored book, "Service in the AI Era" was published in late 2022.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
1. Jim Spohrer (IBM)
At IBM Research – Almaden, Thursday April 19 2018
http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/UIDP_20180419_V6
4/19/2018 1
Future of AI:
Measuring Progress and Preparing
6. “The best way to predict the future is to inspire the
next generation of students to build it better”
Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing
Energy Construction ICT Retail
Finance Healthcare Education Government
9. Future of AI
4/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 9
… when will
your smartphone
be able to take and
pass any online
course? And then
be your coach, so
you can pass too?
11. Questions
• What is the timeline for solving AI and IA?
• Who are the leaders driving AI progress?
• What will the biggest benefits from AI be?
• What are the biggest risks associated with AI, and
are they real?
• What other technologies may have a bigger
impact than AI?
• What are the implications for stakeholders?
• How should we prepare to get the benefits and
avoid the risks?
4/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 11
12. Every 20 years, compute costs are down
by 1000x
• Cost of Digital Workers
– Moore’s Law can be thought of as
lowering costs by a factor of a…
• Thousand times lower
in 20 years
• Million times lower
in 40 years
• Billion times lower
in 60 years
• Smarter Tools (Terascale)
– Terascale (2017) = $3K
– Terascale (2020) = ~$1K
• Narrow Worker (Petascale)
– Recognition (Fast)
– Petascale (2040) = ~$1K
• Broad Worker (Exascale)
– Reasoning (Slow)
– Exascale (2060) = ~$1K
124/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group
2080204020001960
$1K
$1M
$1B
$1T
206020201980
+/- 10 years
$1
Person Average
Annual Salary
(Living Income)
Super Computer
Cost
Mainframe Cost
Smartphone Cost
T
P
E
T P E
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA
13. GDP/Employee
4/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 13
(Source)
Lower compute costs translate into increasing productivity and GDP/employees for nations
Increasing productivity and GDP/employees should translate into wealthier citizens
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA
14. Leaderboards Framework
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards - Benchmark Roadmap
Perceive World Develop Cognition Build Relationships Fill Roles
Pattern
recognition
Video
understanding
Memory Reasoning Social
interactions
Fluent
conversation
Assistant &
Collaborator
Coach &
Mediator
Speech Actions Declarative Deduction Scripts Speech Acts Tasks Institutions
Chime Thumos SQuAD SAT ROC Story ConvAI
Images Context Episodic Induction Plans Intentions Summarizatio
n
Values
ImageNet VQA DSTC RALI General-AI
Translation Narration Dynamic Abductive Goals Cultures Debate Negotiation
WMT DeepVideo Alexa Prize ICCMA AT
Learning from Labeled Training Data and Searching (Optimization)
Learning by Watching and Reading (Education)
Learning by Doing and being Responsible (Exploration)
2015 2018 2021 2024 2027 2030 2033 2036
4/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 14
Which experts would be really surprised if it takes less time… and which experts really surprised if it takes longer?
Approx.
Year
Human
Level ->
15. Leaders and Leaderboards:
Who is winning
• How to Measure Leadership?
– Publications or Patents
– Regions China vs USA vs EU vs ROW
– Companies Microsoft vs Google vs IBM
• How to Measure Progress?
– One capability or all leaderboards?
– SQuAD – Question Answering
– EFF Measuring AI Progress
4/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 15
16. AI Benefits
• Access to expertise
– “Insanely great” labor productivity for trusted
service providers
– Digital workers for healthcare, education, finance,
etc.
• Better choices
– ”Insanely great” collaborations with others on
what matters most
– AI for IA = Augmented Intelligence and higher
value co-creation interactions
4/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 16
17. AI Risks
• Job Loss
– Shorter term
bigger risk
= de-skilling
• Super-intelligence
– Shorter term
bigger risk
= bad actors
4/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 17
https://maliciousaireport.com/
https://www.wsj.com/articles/automation-makes-us-dumb-1416589342
18. Other Technologies: Bigger impact?
Yes.
• Augmented Reality (AR)/
Virtual Reality (VR)
– Game worlds
grow-up
• Blockchain/
Security Systems
– Trust and security
immutable
• Advanced Materials/
Energy Systems
– Manufacturing as cheap,
local recycling service
(utility fog, artificial leaf, etc.)
4/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 18
19. Stakeholders
• Individuals
• Families
• Businesses and
other Organizations
• Industry Groups
• Regional
Governments:
– Cities
– States
– Nations
4/19/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 19
20. Be Prepared
• Understand open AI code + data +
models + stacks + communities
– Leaderboards
– Ethical conduct
• Learn 3 R’s of IBM’s Cognitive
Opentech Group (COG)
– Read arXiv
– Redo with Github
– Report with Jupyter notebooks on
DSX and/or leaderboards
• Improve your team’s skills of rapidly
rebuilding from scratch
– Build your open code eminence
– Understand open innovation
– Communities + Leaderboards
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1972 used
Punch cards
2016 used
IBM Watson
Open APIs to win…
21. Courses
• 2015
– “How to build a cognitive system for Q&A task.”
– 9 months to 40% question answering accuracy
– 1-2 years for 90% accuracy, which questions to reject
• 2025
– “How to use a cognitive system to be a better professional X.”
– Tools to build a student level Q&A from textbook in 1 week
• 2035
– “How to use your cognitive mediator to build a startup.”
– Tools to build faculty level Q&A for textbook in one day
– Cognitive mediator knows a person better than they know themselves
• 2055
– “How to manage your workforce of digital workers.”
– Most people have 100 digital workers.
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Take free online cognitive classes today at cognitiveclass.ai
33. Industries Transformed
Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing
Energy Construction ICT Retail
Finance Healthcare Education Government
“The best way to predict the future is to inspire the next generation of students to build it better”
45. Headlines
• 2017 Popular
– “AI vs People”
– “X-Y team up to invest big in AI”
• 2025 Commonplace
– “People using AI to become better at their
professions, serving others.”
– “Teenagers using AI to solve challenges,
and improve their communities.”
• 2085 Resilience
– “Teams competing to rapidly rebuild
socio-economic-technical systems (wise
service systems) from scratch”
– “U.N. Pluto-base makes major discovery
about nature of universe. U.F.P.
established.”
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IEEE 2017
46. IBM-MIT $240M over 10 year AI
mission
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53. Icons of AI
Progress
• 1956: Dartmouth Conference
organized by:
– John McCarthy (Dartmouth, later
Stanford)
– Marvin Minsky (MIT)
– and two senior scientists:
• Claude Shannon (Bell Labs)
• Nathan Rochester (IBM)
• 1997: Deep Blue (IBM) - Chess
• 2011: Watson Jeopardy! (IBM)
• 2016: AlphaGo (Google DeepMinds)
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54. AI to IA Timeline: Hard unsolved AI
problems
• 2012-2017 AI Pattern Recognition and
Learning from Massive Labeled Data
– Speech, image, translation, driverless, games
– Chatbots as digital assistants
• 2018 Video Understanding
• 2021 Episodic Memory
• 2022 Learning from Watching
• 2024 Commonsense Reasoning
• 2026 Learning from Reading
• 2028 Learning from Doing
• 2030 Fluent Conversation
• 2031-2039 Cognitive Collaborator and
Mediator; Intelligence Augmentation (IA)
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55. Jim Spohrer (IBM)
For C Mohan
Wednesday February 21, 2018
http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/nsf-20180124-v18
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The Future of AI:
Measuring Progress and Preparing
67. In Conclusion
• Hundreds of AI Challenge Leaderboards
exist and the number is growing
• Can one system be built to do them all?
See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FpdEmySsuc
68. What types of digital cognitive
systems?
• Cognitive Build: Outthink Challenge (250K people)
– Imagine a digital cognitive system to help you do
something important in your personal or professional
lives
– Team to design it and advocate for it, and then
everyone votes
– Winners: reduce waste and human suffering, screen
for health issues and safety threats, learn life skills and
make better choices, find what you are looking for,
move around more effectively, provide emotional
support, provide IT support, learn about important
public policy goals and make better choices
• Types: Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator
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84. What types of digital cognitive
systems?
• Cognitive Build: Outthink Challenge (250K people)
– Imagine a digital cognitive system to help you do
something important in your personal or professional
lives
– Team to design it and advocate for it, and then
everyone votes
– Winners: reduce waste and human suffering, screen
for health issues and safety threats, learn life skills and
make better choices, find what you are looking for,
move around more effectively, provide emotional
support, provide IT support, learn about important
public policy goals and make better choices
• Types: Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator
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95. Tomorrow: Servitization
• Start with any traditional product that is sold to customers
• Make the product part of a smart/wise service system
– Instrument it (sensors) – Internet of Things/Everything
– Set-up an intelligent operation center to monitor all products’
performance across their life-cycles
– Use big data analytics to determine how to improve product
performance, efficiency, maintenance, etc.
– Offer customer the “product-performance-as-a-service” with
financing/Internet of Service
– Customer benefits from cost-savings, predictability
– Provider benefits margin-improvements, predictability
• Every product becomes a platform technology (a vehicle for
service innovation) for innovative university startups
96. Vision: MMaaRRSS
• Modular Manufacturing as a Regional
Recirculation Service System
– “I am the stuff that will be made into product X for
customer Y.”
– Stuff = Material, Energy, and Information Flows
– Minimize transport costs (for products and waste)
• The Vision: Circular Economy (~4 minutes)
99. What is a cognitive system (entity)?
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100. What is a digital cognitive system
(entity)?
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101. Backup slides
• Service systems - http://service-
science.info/archives/3368
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102. Assisting individuals and organizations
to close their service innovation skills gap
and co-create wiser service systems
empowering employees, customers, citizens
with cognitive mediators
in the collaborative service economy
103. What is service science?
• IBM initiated effort to establish a
multidisciplinary field to study
service systems … with a focus on
people-centered, IT-enabled service
innovations for business and society
– based on service-dominant logic
– service = value co-creation
– IT-enabled service architectures
– service systems (socio-technical
systems for win-win value co-creation)
• IBM helped establish
– computer science (1945-present)
– service science (2005-present)
4/19/2018 Understanding Cognitive Systems 103
Service systems are dynamic configurations of
resources (people, technology, organizations,
and information) interconnected by
value propositions, internally and externally.
Examples:
- macro: cities, states, nations
- meso: hospitals, universities, businesses
- micro: households, families, individuals
Reference:
Spohrer J, Maglio P, Bailey J, Gruhl D (2007)
Steps toward a science of service systems.
IEEE Computer Society. 40(3):71-77(January).
104. What is service science?
• Now over 500 universities globally teach a more
multidisciplinary approach to service innovation,
including:
– Service management and marketing
– Service engineering and operations
– Service design and arts
– Service public policy and economics
– Service computing and informatics
• SSME + DAPP =
Service Science Management Engineering +
Design Arts Public Policy
– People, technology, organizations, information
interconnected by value propositions.
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Reference:
IfM & IBM (2008). Succeeding through service
innovation: A service perspective for education,
research, business and government.
University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing,
Cambridge, UK. 2008.
105. How to get involved?
• Weekly speaker series
– Service innovation
– Service education & research
– Smart service/cognitive systems
• Discovery summits & book series
• Opportunities
– Institutional memberships
– Leadership & ambassadors
– Volunteer opportunities
– Awards & sponsored
conferences
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ISSIP.org is a non-profit society
International Society of Service Innovation Professionals
Membership:
Over 1000 professionals and students from 40+ countries,
50+ companies and 50+ universities.
106. How to get involved?
• Journals (INFORMS,
etc.)
• Conferences (HICSS,
etc.)
• Courses (MIT, etc.)
• Funding (NSF, etc.)
• Society (ISSIP, etc.)
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107. What are the hot topics?
• Smart Service Systems: Intelligence Augmentation
– AI + AR UX (Artificial Intelligence + Augmented Reality User
Experience)
– Smartphones (mobile, social, secure, etc.)
• Collaborative Economy: Servitization
– From assets to co-creation (e.g., Uber, AirBnB, etc.)
– From product to capability/outcome-as-a-service
– Manufacturing as a local recycling service
• Digital Transformation: Trust and Identity
– Blockchain: Don Tapscott’s TED Talk & book
– Big Data: Service Analytics & HAT (Hub of All Things)
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116. Next Generation:
Future-Ready T-Shaped Adaptive Innovators
Many disciplines
Many sectors
Many regions/cultures
(understanding & communications)
Deepinonesector
Deepinoneregion/culture
Deepinonediscipline
117. By 2035, T-Shaped Makers with great
Building Blocks and Cognitive Mediators
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Empathy & Teamwork
sector
region/culture
discipline
Depth
Breadth
STEM
Liberal Arts
122. You say you want a
revolution?
October 8, 2017
https://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/revolution-20171008-v23
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