This document discusses the future of AI and provides an overview of key topics including:
- AI is currently at the peak of hype but deep learning depends on large datasets and computing power which are now available. Commonsense reasoning remains a challenge.
- IBM and MIT have invested $240 million over 10 years in an AI mission to advance capabilities.
- The timeline for solving AI involves benchmarks like image recognition, translation, and general AI. Full human-level AI may be 5-10 years away.
- Leaders in AI include companies investing heavily in research like IBM, Google, and Microsoft. Economic benefits are predicted but job losses and risks from advanced AI also exist.
- Other technologies like augmented
Future of AI presentation to Norway delegation at IBM Watson West, 505 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA USA on March 12, 2019 by Jim Spohrer, IBM Director, Cognitive OpenTech
Future of AI presentation to Norway delegation at IBM Watson West, 505 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA USA on March 12, 2019 by Jim Spohrer, IBM Director, Cognitive OpenTech
Institute for the Future (IFTF) Reconfiguring Reality Workshop, Palo Alto, CA Apache Opehnw OpenWhisk Linux Foundation Hyperledger Blockchain Artificial Intelligence Leaderboards
Inventing Things tTht Matter to the World; Inventing Things tht that Matter to the WOrld; Inventing Things That Matter to the WOrld; Inventing Things That Matter to the World (correct)
Institute for the Future (IFTF) Reconfiguring Reality Workshop, Palo Alto, CA Apache Opehnw OpenWhisk Linux Foundation Hyperledger Blockchain Artificial Intelligence Leaderboards
Inventing Things tTht Matter to the World; Inventing Things tht that Matter to the WOrld; Inventing Things That Matter to the WOrld; Inventing Things That Matter to the World (correct)
AI and Education 20240327 v16 for Northeastern.pptxISSIP
Prof. Mark L. Miller (https://www.linkedin.com/in/mlmiller751/), Northeastern University, class on AI and Education
Speaker: Jim Spohrer (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/)
===
Speaker: Dr. Jim Spohrer, retired Apple and IBM executive, currently Board of Directors for ISSIP.org (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals).
Title: AI and Education: A Historical Perspective and Possible Future Directions
Abstract: This talk will briefly survey my 50 years working in the area of AI & Education. At MIT (1974- 1978), MIT's summer EXPLO schools for AI and entrepreneurship classes. At Verbex (1978-1982), speech recognition, language models, early generative AI. At Yale (1982-1989), MARCEL, a generate- test-and-debug architecture and student model of programming bugs. At Apple (1989-1998), from content (SK8) to community (EOE) to context (WorldBoard). At IBM (1999 - 2021), service science and open source AI. At ISSIP (2021-present), generative AI and digital twins.
Bio:Jim’s Bio (142 words):
Jim Spohrer is a student of service science and open-source, trusted AI. He is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM), who is a member of the Board of Directors of the non-profit International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP). At IBM, he served as Director for Open Source AI/Data, Global University Programs, IBM Almaden Service Research, and CTO IBM Venture Capital Relations Group. At Apple, he achieved Distinguished Engineer Scientist Technologist (DEST) for authoring and learning platforms. After MIT (BS/Physics), he developed speech recognition systems at Verbex (Exxon), then Yale (PhD/Computer Science AI). With over ninety publications and nine patents, awards include AMA ServSIG Christopher Lovelock Career Contributions to the Service Discipline, Evert Gummesson Service Research, Vargo-Lusch Service-Dominant Logic, Daniel Berg Service Systems, and PICMET Fellow for advancing service science. In 2021, Jim was appointed a UIDP Senior Fellow (University-Industry Demonstration Partnership).
Readings:Apple's ATG Authoring Tools:
URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/279044.279173 Blog: WorldBoard
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/2060 Blog: Reflecting on Generative AI and Digital Twins
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/6521 Book: Service in the AI Era
Attached: Pages 46-54.Video: Speech Recognition (History)
URL: https://youtu.be/G9z4VAsw_kw
Thanks, -Jim
--Jim Spohrer, PhDBoard of Directors, ISSIP (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals) Board of Directors, ServCollab ("Serving Humanity Through Collaboration")Senior Fellow, UIDP ("Strengthening University-Industry Partnerships")Retired Industry Executive (Apple, IBM)
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
Brno-IESS 20240206 v10 service science ai.pptxISSIP
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
20240104 HICSS Panel on AI and Legal Ethical 20240103 v7.pptxISSIP
20240103 HICSS Panel
Ethical and legal implications raised by Generative AI and Augmented Reality in the workplace.
Souren Paul - https://www.linkedin.com/in/souren-paul-a3bbaa5/
Event: https://kmeducationhub.de/hawaii-international-conference-on-system-sciences-hicss/
Congratulations to the organizers of the “Symposium for Celebrating 40 Years of Bayesian Learning in Speech and Language Processing” and to Prof. Chin-Hui Lee of Georgia Tech the Honorary Chair of the Symposium.
Thanks to Huck Yang (Amazon) for the invitation to record this short message.
Huck Yang
URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/huckyang/
Event: https://bayesian40.github.io
Recording:
Slides:
URL: https://professionalschool.eitdigital.eu/generative-ai-essentials
Course on Generative Al
Description:
Generative AI is a world-changing power tool that is getting better by the day. So now is the time to get truly inspired, climb up the learning curve, and unleash more of your creative potential.
Learning Topics:
* Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future
* Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory
* Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era
What You'll Take Away:
By the end of this session, you'll understand the importance of upskilling with today's generative AI tools to get more work done, both faster and at higher quality, as well as some pitfalls to avoid, all within the broader context of the past, present, and future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Intelligence Augmentation (IA).
Learning Topics
Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future.
Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory.
Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era.
Deep dive into ChatGPT's features.
Techniques for basic and advanced prompting and real-world applications.
Spohrer Open Innovation Reflections 20230911 v2.pptxISSIP
September 11, 2023
Berkeley Innovation Forum
Open Innovation Journey
Henry Chesbrough, Solomon Darwin, Jim Spohrer
https://corporateinnovation.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/BIF-Fall2023-7.28.23.pdf
Pre-Event: Monday, September 11, 2023 at The CITRIS Innovation Hub
UC Berkeley, 330 Sutardja Dai Hall, MC 1764
7:45pm - 8:30pm
8:45pm
Fireside Chat: The Open Innovation Journey - Moderated by Henry Chesbrough
Henry Chesbrough
Faculty Director, Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation, UC Berkeley
Olga Diamandis
Former Disney, Smuckers, Mattel, P&G Executive
Jim Spohrer
Former Exec: IBM, Distinguished Scientist at Apple, Director of IBM AI
Nitin Narkhede
General Manager, Emerging Technologies and Innovation, Wipro
Bus pick-up to Hotel Shattuck Plaza
Henry Chesbrough is a professor at the Haas Business School, UC Berkeley, and faculty director of the Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation. An internationally acclaimed author, Dr. Chesbrough’s Open Innovation concept was first introduced in his award-winning book, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology (2003). When he coined the term Open Innovation, he defined an approach that companies around the globe now use to innovate. Today, Chesbrough works directly with companies through Garwood’s programs to apply the principles of Open Innovation, and he continues to refine our understanding through his research and books.
Olga Diamandis is the senior manager at TE Connectivity. Previously, she served as principal technical architect at the Walt Disney Company. She also worked as principal scientst of innovation & knowledge management at The J.M. Smucker Company. Before that, she served as senior manager of Open Innovation at Mattel. She also has experience as a manager of global business development at Procter & Gamble, alongside a previous managerial role at Nestle.
Jim Spohrer previously served as IBM Director of Cognitive OpenTech - which includes open source AI/ML/DL - as well as director of IBM’s deep question-answering system Watson. Prior to that, he worked as a Distinguished Scientist in Learning Research at Apple Computer, Inc. where he developed SK8, Educational Object Economy - an open source learning object community - as well as WorldBoard which served as a vision for Planetary Augmented Reality system.
Nitin Narkhede is General Manager of Emerging Technologies and Innovation at Wipro Technologies. He is responsible for the development of new services and solutions based on emerging trends and technologies at Wipro. Nitin has been in the forefront of a number of technology and business model transitions during his 20 years of work at Wipro. Prior to his current assignment, he managed Wipro’s e-Business Solutions Practice in the Americas. Nitin has over 23 years of experience in the technology industry spanning IT strategy and planning, information systems and software product development, technology strategy and innovation management.
Host:
Bart Raynaud - https://www.linkedin.com/in/bart-raynaud-160a0318/
Title: AI: Past, Present, and Future
Abstract: In 1956, the term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined for a workshop at Dartmouth. Since then there has been waxing and waning enthusiasm and investment, so called "AI Winters" after hype, did not live up to reality. In late 2022, with the release of ChatGPT, and over 100 million users in just 60 days, there is a new wave of hype, investment, excitement, and increased fears of AI use by 'bad actors' for misinformation and other harms to society. What are the future trajectories as this technology is tamed and becomes routine? Are we about to enter a 'golden age' of service in business and society, as technology comes to the service sector, as it came to agriculture and manufacturing in the past?
Bio: Jim Spohrer is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM). In the 1970's, after graduating MIT with a degree in physics, he worked at an AI startup doing speech recognition with mathematical models. In the 1980's, after completing his PhD in Computer Science/AI & Cognitive Science at Yale, he moved to California to join Apple and work on AI for Education. In the late 1990's, he joined IBM as CTO of the Venture Capital Relations group during the internet investment boom, and later started IBM Research's service research area, led IBM Global University Programs, and led IBM's open source AI efforts. Jim's most recent co-authored book, "Service in the AI Era" was published in late 2022.
Talk at SRI for Post Industrial Forum
June 28, 2023 5pm-8pm
https://post-industrial.institute/forum/
Frode Odegard invitation
https://www.linkedin.com/in/odegard/
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Denmark future of ai 20180927 v8
1. Future of AI
Jim from IBM (Jim Spohrer)
Director, Measuring AI Progress Cognitive Opentech Group (MAP COG)
Center for Opensource Data and AI Technologies (CODAIT)
Orsted/Danish AI Delegation, IBM Almaden, San Jose, USA, Sept 27, 2018
https://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/sweden-future-of-ai-20180921-v7
10/5/2018 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 1
4. Today’s talk
• AI at the peak of the hype cycle
• What’s really going on?
• Your data is becoming your AI… transformation
• Part 1: Solving AI
• Roadmap and implications
• Open technologies, innovation
• Part 2: Better Building Blocks
• Solving problems faster, creates new problems
• Identity, social contracts, trust, resilience
10/5/2018 IBM Code #OpenTechAI 4
6. Smartphones pass entrance exams? When?
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 6
… when will
your smartphone
be able to take and
pass any online
course? And then
be your coach, so
you can pass too?
7. IBM-MIT $240M
over 10 year AI mission
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 7
8. Icons of AI Progress
• 1956: Dartmouth Conference
organized by:
• John McCarthy (Dartmouth, later
Stanford)
• Marvin Minsky (MIT)
• and two senior scientists:
• Claude Shannon (Bell Labs)
• Nathan Rochester (IBM)
• 1997: Deep Blue (IBM) - Chess
• 2011: Watson Jeopardy! (IBM)
• 2016: AlphaGo (Google DeepMinds)
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 8
9. Questions
• What is the timeline for solving AI and IA?
• Who are the leaders driving AI progress?
• What will the biggest benefits from AI be?
• What are the biggest risks associated with AI, and are they real?
• What other technologies may have a bigger impact than AI?
• What are the implications for stakeholders?
• How should we prepare to get the benefits and avoid the risks?
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 9
11. Timeline: Every 20 years,
compute costs are down by 1000x
• Cost of Digital Workers
• Moore’s Law can be thought of as
lowering costs by a factor of a…
• Thousand times lower
in 20 years
• Million times lower
in 40 years
• Billion times lower
in 60 years
• Smarter Tools (Terascale)
• Terascale (2017) = $3K
• Terascale (2020) = ~$1K
• Narrow Worker (Petascale)
• Recognition (Fast)
• Petascale (2040) = ~$1K
• Broad Worker (Exascale)
• Reasoning (Slow)
• Exascale (2060) = ~$1K
1110/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group
2080204020001960
$1K
$1M
$1B
$1T
206020201980
+/- 10 years
$1
Person Average
Annual Salary
(Living Income)
Super Computer
Cost
Mainframe Cost
Smartphone Cost
T
P
E
T P E
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA
12. Timeline: GDP/Employee
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 12
(Source)
Lower compute costs translate into increasing productivity and GDP/employees for nations
Increasing productivity and GDP/employees should translate into wealthier citizens
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA
13. Timeline: Leaderboards FrameworkAI Progress on Open Leaderboards - Benchmark Roadmap
Perceive World Develop Cognition Build Relationships Fill Roles
Pattern
recognition
Video
understanding
Memory Reasoning Social
interactions
Fluent
conversation
Assistant &
Collaborator
Coach &
Mediator
Speech Actions Declarative Deduction Scripts Speech Acts Tasks Institutions
Chime Thumos SQuAD SAT ROC Story ConvAI
Images Context Episodic Induction Plans Intentions Summarization Values
ImageNet VQA DSTC RALI General-AI
Translation Narration Dynamic Abductive Goals Cultures Debate Negotiation
WMT DeepVideo Alexa Prize ICCMA AT
Learning from Labeled Training Data and Searching (Optimization)
Learning by Watching and Reading (Education)
Learning by Doing and being Responsible (Exploration)
2015 2018 2021 2024 2027 2030 2033 2036
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 13
Which experts would be really surprised if it takes less time… and which experts really surprised if it takes longer?
Approx.
Year
Human
Level ->
14. Who is winning
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 14
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608112/who-is-winning-the-ai-race/
15. Robots by Country
• Industrial robots per 10,000 people by country
10/5/2018 IBM #OpenTechAI 15
211
19. AI Benefits
• Access to expertise
• “Insanely great” labor productivity for trusted service providers
• Digital workers for healthcare, education, finance, etc.
• Better choices
• ”Insanely great” collaborations with others on what matters most
• AI for IA = Augmented Intelligence and higher value co-creation interactions
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 19
20. AI Risks
• Job Loss
• Shorter term bigger risk
= de-skilling
• Super-intelligence
• Shorter term bigger risk
= bad actors
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 20
21. Other Technologies: Bigger impact? Yes.
• Augmented Reality (AR)/
Virtual Reality (VR)
• Game worlds
grow-up
• Blockchain/
Security Systems
• Trust and security
immutable
• Advanced Materials/
Energy Systems
• Manufacturing as cheap,
local recycling service
(utility fog, artificial leaf, etc.)
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 21
22. Stakeholders = service system entities
• Individuals
• Families
• Businesses and
other Organizations
• Industry Groups and
Professional Associations
• Regional
Governments:
• Cities
• States
• Nations
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 22
“there is nothing as practical as a good abstraction” -> service science studies service system entities
23. “The best way to predict the future is to inspire the
next generation of students to build it better”
Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing
Energy Construction ICT Retail
Finance Healthcare Education Government
24. Artificial Leaf
• Daniel Nocera, a professor of energy
science at Harvard who pioneered the
use of artificial photosynthesis, says that
he and his colleague Pamela Silver have
devised a system that completes the
process of making liquid fuel from
sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. And
they’ve done it at an efficiency of 10
percent, using pure carbon dioxide—in
other words, one-tenth of the energy in
sunlight is captured and turned into fuel.
That is much higher than natural
photosynthesis, which converts about 1
percent of solar energy into the
carbohydrates used by plants, and it
could be a milestone in the shift away
from fossil fuels. The new system is
described in a new paper in Science.
10/5/2018 IBM Code #OpenTechAI 24
25. Food from Air
• Although the technology is in its infancy,
researchers hope the "protein reactor"
could become a household item.
• Juha-Pekka Pitkänen, a scientist at VTT,
said: "In practice, all the raw materials
are available from the air. In the future,
the technology can be transported to,
for instance, deserts and other areas
facing famine.
• "One possible alternative is a home
reactor, a type of domestic appliance
that the consumer can use to produce
the needed protein."
• According to the researchers, the
process of creating food from electricity
can be nearly 10 times as energy
efficient as photosynthesis, the process
used by plants.
10/5/2018 IBM Code #OpenTechAI 25
26. Exoskeletons for Elderly
• A walker is a “very cost-effective”
solution for people with limited
mobility, but “it completely
disempowers, removes dignity,
removes freedom, and causes a
whole host of other psychological
problems,” SRI Ventures president
Manish Kothari says. “Superflex’s
goal is to remove all of those areas
that cause psychological-type
encumbrances and, ultimately,
redignify the individual."
10/5/2018 IBM Code #OpenTechAI 26
29. Be Prepared
• Understand open AI code + data +
models + stacks + communities
• Leaderboards
• Ethical conduct
• Learn 3 R’s of IBM’s Cognitive
Opentech Group (COG)
• Read arXiv
• Redo with Github
• Report with Jupyter notebooks on DSX
and/or leaderboards
• Improve your team’s skills of rapidly
rebuilding from scratch
• Build your open code eminence
• Understand open innovation
• Communities + Leaderboards
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1972 used
Punch cards
2016 used
IBM Watson
Open APIs to win…
32. Cupertino Teens
• IBM Watson on Bluemix
10/5/2018 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 32
AI for NLP
entity identification
33. 10 million minutes of experience
10/5/2018 Understanding Cognitive Systems 33
34. 2 million minutes of experience
10/5/2018 Understanding Cognitive Systems 34
35. Hardware < Software < Data < Experience < Transformation
10/5/2018 Understanding Cognitive Systems 35
Value migrates to transformation – becoming our future selves; people, businesses, nations = service system entities
Pine & Gilmore (1999)
Transformation
Roy et al (2006)
Data
Osati (2014)
Experience
Life Log
36. Courses
• 2015
• “How to build a cognitive system for Q&A task.”
• 9 months to 40% question answering accuracy
• 1-2 years for 90% accuracy, which questions to reject
• 2025
• “How to use a cognitive system to be a better
professional X.”
• Tools to build a student level Q&A from textbook in 1
week
• 2035
• “How to use your cognitive mediator to build a
startup.”
• Tools to build faculty level Q&A for textbook in one day
• Cognitive mediator knows a person better than they
know themselves
• 2055
• “How to manage your workforce of digital workers.”
• Most people have 100 digital workers.
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Take free online cognitive classes today at cognitiveclass.ai
47. 10/5/2018 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 47
Microsoft acquiring GitHub $7.5B
2018 John Marks on Open Source
Models will run the world
Why SW is eating the world
52. Step Comment
GitHub Get an account and read the guide
Learn 3 R's - Read, Redo, Report Read (Medium/arXiv), Redo (GitHub), Report (Jupyter Notebook)
Kaggle Compete in a Kaggle competition
Leaderboards Compete to advance AI progress
Figure Eight Generate a set of labeled data (also Mechanical Turk)
Design New Challenges build an AI system that can take and pass any online course, then
switch to tutor-mode and help you pass
Open Source Guide Establish open source culture in your organization
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54. Trust: Two Communities
10/5/2018 IBM Code #OpenTechAI 54
Service
Science
OpenTech
AI
Trust:
Value Co-Creation,
Transdisciplinary
Trust:
Ethical, Safe, Explainable,
Open Communities
Special Issue
AI Magazine?
Handbook of
OpenTech AI?
55. Resilience:
Rapidly Rebuilding From Scratch
• Dartnell L (2012) The Knowledge: How to
Rebuild Civilization in the Aftermath of a
Cataclysm. Westminster London: Penguin
Books.
10/5/2018 IBM Code #OpenTechAI 55
58. 10/5/2018 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 58
Join the for free and get monthly newsletter from the
International Society of Service Innovation
Professionals.
Membership based non-profit professional association
promoting people-centered smart service systems
Fostering professional thought leadership of members
through joint conferences, workshops, publications,
members mentorship, and awards globally
Catalyzing and elevating industry-academia-
government collaboration in cutting edge research,
best industry practices, innovative educational
models, and policy influencing
Join us: www.issip.org
Members: 1200
+
~200
universities
50
+
companies
42
+
countries
Founders:
61. Our data is AI
• What do companies that profit from AI owe us?
• What do nations that profit from AI owe us?
• What do service systems entities owe service system entities?
• What value propositions and governance mechanisms connect us?
• Henry Ford: “My employees are my future customers, I should
therefore pay employees well today, so my customers pay me well
tomorrow.”
• Irene Ng: ”Your data is your future AI, we should therefore create a
market for your data today (with the help of HATDEX/AI), so your AI
will pay you well tomorrow.”
10/5/2018 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 61
62. Ruskin, Unto this last… five great service professions
Gandhi’s transformation into Gandhi
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so that on him falls, in great part, the responsibility for the kind of life they lead;
The lawyer, rather than countenance Injustice…
63. By 2035, T-Shaped Makers with great
Building Blocks and Cognitive Mediators
10/5/2018 63
Empathy & Teamwork
sector
region/culture
discipline
Depth
Breadth
STEM
Liberal Arts
67. What is a biological cognitive system (entity)?
10/5/2018 Understanding Cognitive Systems 67
68. What is a digital cognitive system (entity)?
10/5/2018 Understanding Cognitive Systems 68
69. Computer Science
• "Computer science is the study of the phenomena surrounding computers. ... We
build computers and programs for many reasons. We build them to serve society
.... One of the fundamental contributions to knowledge of computer science has
been to explain, at a rather basic level, what symbols are. ... Symbols lie at the
root of intelligent action, which is, of course, the primary topic of artificial
intelligence. For that matter, it is a primary question for all of computer science.
For all information is processed by computer in the service of ends, and we
measure the intelligence of a system by its ability to achieve stated ends in the
face of variations, difficulties and complexities posed by the task environment.”
• Tenth Turing Awards Lecture: Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon, “Computer
Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search,”Communications of the ACM.
vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 113-126, March,1976. Available online at:
• https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~kuipers/readings/Newell+Simon-cacm-76.pdf
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70. Service-Dominant logic worldview and mindset
Year Publication Service Resource Integrators
2004 Vargo SL, Lusch RF (2004)
Evolving to a new dominant
logic for marketing. Journal of
marketing. 68(1):1-7.
The application of specialized skills
and knowledge is the fundamental
unit of exchange.
Operant resources are resources that
produce effects
2011 Vargo SL, Lusch RF (2011) It's
all B2B… and beyond: Toward
a systems perspective of the
market. Industrial marketing
management. 40(2):181-7.
The central concept in S-D logic is
that service — the application of
resources for the benefit of another
party — is exchanged for service
That is, all parties (e.g. businesses,
individual customers, households, etc.)
engaged in economic exchange are
similarly, resource-integrating, service-
providing enterprises that have the
common purpose of value (co)creation —
what we mean by “it is all B2B.”
2016 Vargo SL, Lusch RF.
Institutions and axioms: an
extension and update of
service-dominant logic.
Journal of the Academy of
Marketing Science. 2016 Jan
1;44(1):5-23.
value creation can only be fully
understood in terms of integrated
resources applied for another
actor’s benefit (service) within a
context, including the institutions
and institutional arrangements that
enable and constrain value creation.
To alleviate this limitation and facilitate a
better understanding of cooperation (and
coordination), an eleventh foundational
premise (fifth axiom) is introduced, focusing
on the role of institutions and institutional
arrangements in systems of value
cocreation: service ecosystems.10/5/2018 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 70
71. Service Science the study of service systems entities
Year Publication Service Science Service System
2007 Spohrer J, Maglio, PP, Bailey J,
Gruhl, D (2007) Steps toward
a science of service
systems, IEEE Computer,
(40)1:71-77.
Services science is an emerging field
that seeks to tap into these and
other relevant bodies of knowledge,
integrate them, and advance three
goals—aiming ultimately to
understand service systems, how
they improve, and how they scale.
The components of a service system are
people, technology, internal and external
service systems connected by value
propositions, and shared information (such
as language, laws, and measures.
2008 Spohrer, J, Vargo S, Caswell N,
Maglio PP (2008) The service
system is the basic abstraction
of service science, HICSS-41,
NY: IEEE Press, Pp. 1-10.
Service science is the study of the
application of the resources of one
or more systems for the benefit of
another system in economic
exchange.
Informally, service systems are
collections of resources that can
create value with other service systems
through shared information.
2008 Maglio PP, Spohrer J (2008)
Fundamentals of service
science. Journal of the
academy of marketing
science. 36(1):18-20.
Service science is the study of
service systems, aiming to create a
basis for systematic service
innovation.
Service systems are value-co-creation
configurations of people, technology, value
propositions connecting internal and
external service systems, and shared
information (e.g., language, laws, measures,
and methods).10/5/2018 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 71
72. Service Science the study of service system entities
10/5/2018 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 72
Year Publication Service Science Service System
2009 Spohrer J, Maglio PP (2009)
Service science: Toward a
smarter planet. In
Introduction to service
engineering, Eds. Karwowski
and Salvendy. Pp. 3-10
Service science is a specialization of
systems science. So service science
seeks to create a body of knowledge
that accounts for value-cocreation
between entities as they interact…
Service system entities are dynamic
configurations of resources. As described
below, resources include people,
organizations, shared information, and
technology.
2012 Spohrer J, Piciocchi P, Bassano
C (2012) Three frameworks
for service research: exploring
multilevel governance in
nested, networked systems.
Service Science. 4(2):147-160.
SSME+D is built on top of the
Service-Dominant logic (SD Logic)
worldview
A service system entity is a dynamic
configuration of resources (at least one of
which, the focal resource, is a person with
rights).
2013 Spohrer J, Giuiusa A,
Demirkan H, Ing D (2013)
Service science: reframing
progress with universities.
Systems Research and
Behavioral Science. 30(5):561-
569
Service science is an emerging
branch of systems sciences with a
focus on service systems (entities)
and value cocreation (complex non-
zero-sum interactions).
… complex adaptive entities - service
systems - within an ecology of nested,
networked entities… From a service science
perspective, progress can be thought of in
terms of the rights and responsibilities of
entities
73. Service Science the study of service system entities
10/5/2018 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 73
Year Publication Service Science Service System
2014 Spohrer J, Kwan SK, Fisk RP
(2014)Marketing: a service sci
ence and arts perspective,
Handbook of Service Market
ing Research, Eds. Rust RT,
Huang MH, NY:Edward Elgar,
pp. 489-526.
Service science (short for Service
Science, Management, Engineering,
Design, Arts, and Public Policy) is an
emerging transdiscipline for the (1)
study of evolving service system
entities and value co-creation
phenomena, as well as (2) pedagogy
for the education of 21st century T-
shaped service innovators from all
disciplines, sectors, and cultures.
So like all early stage scientific
communities, the language for talking
about service systems and value co-creation
phenomena continues to evolve. … Service
system entities are economic and social
actors, which configure (or integrate)
resources. … A formal service system entity
(SS-FSC3) is a legal, economic entity with
rights and responsibilities codified in
written laws.
2015 Spohrer J, Demirkan H,
Lyons (2015) Social Value: A
Service Science Perspective.
In: Kijima K. (eds) Service
Systems Science. Translational
Systems Sciences, vol 2.
Tokyo: Springer. Pp. 3-35.
Service science is an emerging
transdiscipline for the (1) study of
evolving service system entities and
value co-creation phenomena and
(2) pedagogy for the education of
twenty-first-century T-shaped
service innovators from all
disciplines, sectors, and cultures
Formal service system entities (as opposed
to informal service system entities) can be
ranked by the degree to which they are
governed by written (symbolic) laws and
evolve to increase the percentage of their
processes that are explicit and symbolic.
74. Service Science the study of service system entities
10/5/2018 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 74
Year Publication Service Science Service System
2016 Spohrer J (2016) Services
Science and Societal
Convergence. In W.S.
Bainbridge, M.C. Roco
(eds.),Handbook of Science
and Technology Convergence,
pp. 323-335
Service science is an emerging
transdiscipline for the (1) study of
evolving ecology of nested,
networked service system entities
and value co-creation phenomena,
as well as (2) pedagogy for the
education of the twenty-first-
century T-shaped (depth and
breadth) service innovators from all
disciplines, sectors, and cultures.
As service science emerges, we can begin
by “seeing” and counting service system
entities in an evolving ecology, working to
“understand” and make explicit their
implicit processes of valuing …
2016 Spohrer J (2016) Innovation
for jobs with cognitive
assistants: A service science
perspective, In Disrupting
Unemployment ,
Eds. Nordfors, Cerf,
Seng, Missouri: Ewing Marion
Kauffman Foundation, Pp.
157-174.
Service science is the emerging
transdiscipline that studies the
evolving ecology of nested,
networked service system entities,
their capabilities, constraints, rights,
and responsibilities.
There are perhaps twenty billion formal
service system entities in the world today,
each governed in part by formal written
laws. Every person, household, university,
business, and government is a formal
service system entity, but my dog, my
smartphone, and my ideas are not.
75. Service Science the study of service system entities
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Year Publication Service Science Service System
2017 Spohrer J, Siddike MAK,
Kohda Y (2017) Rebuilding
evolution: a service science
perspective. HICSS 50.
Service science is the study of the
evolving ecology of service system
entities, complex socio-technical
systems with rights and
responsibilities – such as people,
businesses, and nations.
Service systems are dynamic configurations
of people, technology, organization and
information that interact through value
proposition and co- create mutual value.
2019 Pakalla D, Spohrer J (2019,
forthcoming) Digital Service:
Technological Agency in
Service Systems. HICSS 52.
For the purposes of this paper,
service science can be summarized
as the study of the evolving ecology
of service system entities, their
capabilities, constraints, rights, and
responsibilities, including their
value co-creation and capability co-
elevation mechanisms .
Service systems are a type of socio-
technical system, such as people,
businesses, and nations, all with unique
identities, histories, and reputations based
on the outcomes of their interactions with
other entities.
77. Brian Arthur - Economist
• The term “technological unemployment” is from John Maynard Keynes’s 1930 lecture,
“Economic possibilities for our grandchildren,” where he predicted that in the future, around
2030, the production problem would be solved and there would be enough for everyone, but
machines (robots, he thought) would cause “technological unemployment.” There would be
plenty to go around, but the means of getting a share in it, jobs, might be scarce. We are not quite
at 2030, but I believe we have reached the “Keynes point,” where indeed enough is produced by
the economy, both physical and virtual, for all of us. (If total US household income of $8.495
trillion were shared by America’s 116 million households, each would earn $73,000, enough for
a decent middle-class life.) And we have reached a point where technological unemployment is
becoming a reality. The problem in this new phase we’ve entered is not quite jobs, it is access to
what’s produced. Jobs have been the main means of access for only 200 or 300 years. Before
that, farm labor, small craft workshops, voluntary piecework, or inherited wealth provided access.
Now access needs to change again. However this happens, we have entered a different phase for
the economy, a new era where production matters less and what matters more is access to that
production: distribution, in other words—who gets what and how they get it. We have entered
the distributive era.
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78. Disciplines and some of the key entities they study
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Computer Science: Physical Symbol System Entities
AI: Digital Cognitive System Entities
Chemistry: Auto-Catalytic Molecular System Entities
Biology: Biological Cognitive System Entities
Service science: Service system entities
Service science studies the evolving ecology
of service system entities,
their capabilities, constraints, rights, and responsibilities
their value co-creation and
capability co-elevation interactions, as well as
their outcome identities and reputations.
79. Service Research
• Artificial Intelligence in Service
• "The theory specifies four intelligences required for service tasks—mechanical,
analytical, intuitive, and empathetic—and lays out the way firms should decide
between humans and machines for accomplishing those tasks.”
• Huang MH and Rust RT (2018) Artificial Intelligence in Service. Journal of
Service Research. 21(2):155–172.
• Customer Acceptance of AI in Service Encounters: Understanding
Antecedents and Consequences
• "expand the relevant set of antecedents beyond the established constructs and
theories to include variables that are particularly relevant for AI applications
such as privacy concerns, trust, and perceptions of “creepiness.”
• Ostrom AL, Foheringham D, Bitner MJ (2018, forthcoming) Customer
Acceptance of AI in Service Encounters: Understanding Antecedents and
Consequences. In Handbook of Service Science, Volume 2, Eds, Maglio,
Kieliszewski,Spohrer,Lyons,Patricio,Sawatani. New York: Springer. Pp. x-y.
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80. Jim from IBM – 20 years today!
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