Future of AI presentation to Norway delegation at IBM Watson West, 505 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA USA on March 12, 2019 by Jim Spohrer, IBM Director, Cognitive OpenTech
Future of AI presentation to Norway delegation at IBM Watson West, 505 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA USA on March 12, 2019 by Jim Spohrer, IBM Director, Cognitive OpenTech
AI and Education 20240327 v16 for Northeastern.pptxISSIP
Prof. Mark L. Miller (https://www.linkedin.com/in/mlmiller751/), Northeastern University, class on AI and Education
Speaker: Jim Spohrer (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/)
===
Speaker: Dr. Jim Spohrer, retired Apple and IBM executive, currently Board of Directors for ISSIP.org (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals).
Title: AI and Education: A Historical Perspective and Possible Future Directions
Abstract: This talk will briefly survey my 50 years working in the area of AI & Education. At MIT (1974- 1978), MIT's summer EXPLO schools for AI and entrepreneurship classes. At Verbex (1978-1982), speech recognition, language models, early generative AI. At Yale (1982-1989), MARCEL, a generate- test-and-debug architecture and student model of programming bugs. At Apple (1989-1998), from content (SK8) to community (EOE) to context (WorldBoard). At IBM (1999 - 2021), service science and open source AI. At ISSIP (2021-present), generative AI and digital twins.
Bio:Jim’s Bio (142 words):
Jim Spohrer is a student of service science and open-source, trusted AI. He is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM), who is a member of the Board of Directors of the non-profit International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP). At IBM, he served as Director for Open Source AI/Data, Global University Programs, IBM Almaden Service Research, and CTO IBM Venture Capital Relations Group. At Apple, he achieved Distinguished Engineer Scientist Technologist (DEST) for authoring and learning platforms. After MIT (BS/Physics), he developed speech recognition systems at Verbex (Exxon), then Yale (PhD/Computer Science AI). With over ninety publications and nine patents, awards include AMA ServSIG Christopher Lovelock Career Contributions to the Service Discipline, Evert Gummesson Service Research, Vargo-Lusch Service-Dominant Logic, Daniel Berg Service Systems, and PICMET Fellow for advancing service science. In 2021, Jim was appointed a UIDP Senior Fellow (University-Industry Demonstration Partnership).
Readings:Apple's ATG Authoring Tools:
URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/279044.279173 Blog: WorldBoard
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/2060 Blog: Reflecting on Generative AI and Digital Twins
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/6521 Book: Service in the AI Era
Attached: Pages 46-54.Video: Speech Recognition (History)
URL: https://youtu.be/G9z4VAsw_kw
Thanks, -Jim
--Jim Spohrer, PhDBoard of Directors, ISSIP (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals) Board of Directors, ServCollab ("Serving Humanity Through Collaboration")Senior Fellow, UIDP ("Strengthening University-Industry Partnerships")Retired Industry Executive (Apple, IBM)
AI and Education 20240327 v16 for Northeastern.pptxISSIP
Prof. Mark L. Miller (https://www.linkedin.com/in/mlmiller751/), Northeastern University, class on AI and Education
Speaker: Jim Spohrer (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/)
===
Speaker: Dr. Jim Spohrer, retired Apple and IBM executive, currently Board of Directors for ISSIP.org (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals).
Title: AI and Education: A Historical Perspective and Possible Future Directions
Abstract: This talk will briefly survey my 50 years working in the area of AI & Education. At MIT (1974- 1978), MIT's summer EXPLO schools for AI and entrepreneurship classes. At Verbex (1978-1982), speech recognition, language models, early generative AI. At Yale (1982-1989), MARCEL, a generate- test-and-debug architecture and student model of programming bugs. At Apple (1989-1998), from content (SK8) to community (EOE) to context (WorldBoard). At IBM (1999 - 2021), service science and open source AI. At ISSIP (2021-present), generative AI and digital twins.
Bio:Jim’s Bio (142 words):
Jim Spohrer is a student of service science and open-source, trusted AI. He is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM), who is a member of the Board of Directors of the non-profit International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP). At IBM, he served as Director for Open Source AI/Data, Global University Programs, IBM Almaden Service Research, and CTO IBM Venture Capital Relations Group. At Apple, he achieved Distinguished Engineer Scientist Technologist (DEST) for authoring and learning platforms. After MIT (BS/Physics), he developed speech recognition systems at Verbex (Exxon), then Yale (PhD/Computer Science AI). With over ninety publications and nine patents, awards include AMA ServSIG Christopher Lovelock Career Contributions to the Service Discipline, Evert Gummesson Service Research, Vargo-Lusch Service-Dominant Logic, Daniel Berg Service Systems, and PICMET Fellow for advancing service science. In 2021, Jim was appointed a UIDP Senior Fellow (University-Industry Demonstration Partnership).
Readings:Apple's ATG Authoring Tools:
URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/279044.279173 Blog: WorldBoard
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/2060 Blog: Reflecting on Generative AI and Digital Twins
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/6521 Book: Service in the AI Era
Attached: Pages 46-54.Video: Speech Recognition (History)
URL: https://youtu.be/G9z4VAsw_kw
Thanks, -Jim
--Jim Spohrer, PhDBoard of Directors, ISSIP (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals) Board of Directors, ServCollab ("Serving Humanity Through Collaboration")Senior Fellow, UIDP ("Strengthening University-Industry Partnerships")Retired Industry Executive (Apple, IBM)
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
Brno-IESS 20240206 v10 service science ai.pptxISSIP
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
20240104 HICSS Panel on AI and Legal Ethical 20240103 v7.pptxISSIP
20240103 HICSS Panel
Ethical and legal implications raised by Generative AI and Augmented Reality in the workplace.
Souren Paul - https://www.linkedin.com/in/souren-paul-a3bbaa5/
Event: https://kmeducationhub.de/hawaii-international-conference-on-system-sciences-hicss/
Congratulations to the organizers of the “Symposium for Celebrating 40 Years of Bayesian Learning in Speech and Language Processing” and to Prof. Chin-Hui Lee of Georgia Tech the Honorary Chair of the Symposium.
Thanks to Huck Yang (Amazon) for the invitation to record this short message.
Huck Yang
URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/huckyang/
Event: https://bayesian40.github.io
Recording:
Slides:
URL: https://professionalschool.eitdigital.eu/generative-ai-essentials
Course on Generative Al
Description:
Generative AI is a world-changing power tool that is getting better by the day. So now is the time to get truly inspired, climb up the learning curve, and unleash more of your creative potential.
Learning Topics:
* Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future
* Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory
* Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era
What You'll Take Away:
By the end of this session, you'll understand the importance of upskilling with today's generative AI tools to get more work done, both faster and at higher quality, as well as some pitfalls to avoid, all within the broader context of the past, present, and future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Intelligence Augmentation (IA).
Learning Topics
Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future.
Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory.
Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era.
Deep dive into ChatGPT's features.
Techniques for basic and advanced prompting and real-world applications.
Spohrer Open Innovation Reflections 20230911 v2.pptxISSIP
September 11, 2023
Berkeley Innovation Forum
Open Innovation Journey
Henry Chesbrough, Solomon Darwin, Jim Spohrer
https://corporateinnovation.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/BIF-Fall2023-7.28.23.pdf
Pre-Event: Monday, September 11, 2023 at The CITRIS Innovation Hub
UC Berkeley, 330 Sutardja Dai Hall, MC 1764
7:45pm - 8:30pm
8:45pm
Fireside Chat: The Open Innovation Journey - Moderated by Henry Chesbrough
Henry Chesbrough
Faculty Director, Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation, UC Berkeley
Olga Diamandis
Former Disney, Smuckers, Mattel, P&G Executive
Jim Spohrer
Former Exec: IBM, Distinguished Scientist at Apple, Director of IBM AI
Nitin Narkhede
General Manager, Emerging Technologies and Innovation, Wipro
Bus pick-up to Hotel Shattuck Plaza
Henry Chesbrough is a professor at the Haas Business School, UC Berkeley, and faculty director of the Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation. An internationally acclaimed author, Dr. Chesbrough’s Open Innovation concept was first introduced in his award-winning book, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology (2003). When he coined the term Open Innovation, he defined an approach that companies around the globe now use to innovate. Today, Chesbrough works directly with companies through Garwood’s programs to apply the principles of Open Innovation, and he continues to refine our understanding through his research and books.
Olga Diamandis is the senior manager at TE Connectivity. Previously, she served as principal technical architect at the Walt Disney Company. She also worked as principal scientst of innovation & knowledge management at The J.M. Smucker Company. Before that, she served as senior manager of Open Innovation at Mattel. She also has experience as a manager of global business development at Procter & Gamble, alongside a previous managerial role at Nestle.
Jim Spohrer previously served as IBM Director of Cognitive OpenTech - which includes open source AI/ML/DL - as well as director of IBM’s deep question-answering system Watson. Prior to that, he worked as a Distinguished Scientist in Learning Research at Apple Computer, Inc. where he developed SK8, Educational Object Economy - an open source learning object community - as well as WorldBoard which served as a vision for Planetary Augmented Reality system.
Nitin Narkhede is General Manager of Emerging Technologies and Innovation at Wipro Technologies. He is responsible for the development of new services and solutions based on emerging trends and technologies at Wipro. Nitin has been in the forefront of a number of technology and business model transitions during his 20 years of work at Wipro. Prior to his current assignment, he managed Wipro’s e-Business Solutions Practice in the Americas. Nitin has over 23 years of experience in the technology industry spanning IT strategy and planning, information systems and software product development, technology strategy and innovation management.
Host:
Bart Raynaud - https://www.linkedin.com/in/bart-raynaud-160a0318/
Title: AI: Past, Present, and Future
Abstract: In 1956, the term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined for a workshop at Dartmouth. Since then there has been waxing and waning enthusiasm and investment, so called "AI Winters" after hype, did not live up to reality. In late 2022, with the release of ChatGPT, and over 100 million users in just 60 days, there is a new wave of hype, investment, excitement, and increased fears of AI use by 'bad actors' for misinformation and other harms to society. What are the future trajectories as this technology is tamed and becomes routine? Are we about to enter a 'golden age' of service in business and society, as technology comes to the service sector, as it came to agriculture and manufacturing in the past?
Bio: Jim Spohrer is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM). In the 1970's, after graduating MIT with a degree in physics, he worked at an AI startup doing speech recognition with mathematical models. In the 1980's, after completing his PhD in Computer Science/AI & Cognitive Science at Yale, he moved to California to join Apple and work on AI for Education. In the late 1990's, he joined IBM as CTO of the Venture Capital Relations group during the internet investment boom, and later started IBM Research's service research area, led IBM Global University Programs, and led IBM's open source AI efforts. Jim's most recent co-authored book, "Service in the AI Era" was published in late 2022.
Talk at SRI for Post Industrial Forum
June 28, 2023 5pm-8pm
https://post-industrial.institute/forum/
Frode Odegard invitation
https://www.linkedin.com/in/odegard/
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. Jim Spohrer (IBM)
For Ntegrea, Stanford Park Hotel, Palo Alto, CA, Wed July 23, 2018
http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/UIDP_20180419_V6
July 23, 2018 1
Future of AI:
Measuring Progress and Preparing
5. Future of AI
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 5
… when will
your smartphone
be able to take and
pass any online
course? And then
be your coach, so
you can pass too?
10. Questions
• What is the timeline for solving AI and IA?
• Who are the leaders driving AI progress?
• What will the biggest benefits from AI be?
• What are the biggest risks associated with AI, and
are they real?
• What other technologies may have a bigger
impact than AI?
• What are the implications for stakeholders?
• How should we prepare to get the benefits and
avoid the risks?
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 10
12. Every 20 years, compute costs are down
by 1000x
• Cost of Digital Workers
– Moore’s Law can be thought of as
lowering costs by a factor of a…
• Thousand times lower
in 20 years
• Million times lower
in 40 years
• Billion times lower
in 60 years
• Smarter Tools (Terascale)
– Terascale (2017) = $3K
– Terascale (2020) = ~$1K
• Narrow Worker (Petascale)
– Recognition (Fast)
– Petascale (2040) = ~$1K
• Broad Worker (Exascale)
– Reasoning (Slow)
– Exascale (2060) = ~$1K
12
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group
2080
2040
2000
1960
$1K
$1M
$1B
$1T
2060
2020
1980
+/- 10 years
$1
Person Average
Annual Salary
(Living Income)
Super Computer
Cost
Mainframe Cost
Smartphone Cost
T
P
E
T P E
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA
13. GDP/Employee
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 13
(Source)
Lower compute costs translate into increasing productivity and GDP/employees for nations
Increasing productivity and GDP/employees should translate into wealthier citizens
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA
14. Leaderboards Framework
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards - Benchmark Roadmap
Perceive World Develop Cognition Build Relationships Fill Roles
Pattern
recognition
Video
understanding
Memory Reasoning Social
interactions
Fluent
conversation
Assistant &
Collaborator
Coach &
Mediator
Speech Actions Declarative Deduction Scripts Speech Acts Tasks Institutions
Chime Thumos SQuAD SAT ROC Story ConvAI
Images Context Episodic Induction Plans Intentions Summarizatio
n
Values
ImageNet VQA DSTC RALI General-AI
Translation Narration Dynamic Abductive Goals Cultures Debate Negotiation
WMT DeepVideo Alexa Prize ICCMA AT
Learning from Labeled Training Data and Searching (Optimization)
Learning by Watching and Reading (Education)
Learning by Doing and being Responsible (Exploration)
2015 2018 2021 2024 2027 2030 2033 2036
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 14
Which experts would be really surprised if it takes less time… and which experts really surprised if it takes longer?
Approx.
Year
Human
Level ->
15. Leaders and Leaderboards:
Who is winning
• How to Measure Leadership?
– Publications or Patents
– Regions China vs USA vs EU vs ROW
– Companies Microsoft vs Google vs IBM
• How to Measure Progress?
– One capability or all leaderboards?
– SQuAD – Question Answering
– EFF Measuring AI Progress
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 15
16. AI Benefits
• Access to expertise
– “Insanely great” labor productivity for trusted
service providers
– Digital workers for healthcare, education, finance,
etc.
• Better choices
– ”Insanely great” collaborations with others on
what matters most
– AI for IA = Augmented Intelligence and higher
value co-creation interactions
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 16
17. AI Risks
• Job Loss
– Shorter term
bigger risk
= de-skilling
• Super-intelligence
– Shorter term
bigger risk
= bad actors
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 17
https://maliciousaireport.com/
https://www.wsj.com/articles/automation-makes-us-dumb-1416589342
18. Other Technologies: Bigger impact?
Yes.
• Augmented Reality (AR)/
Virtual Reality (VR)
– Game worlds
grow-up
• Blockchain/
Security Systems
– Trust and security
immutable
• Advanced Materials/
Energy Systems
– Manufacturing as cheap,
local recycling service
(utility fog, artificial leaf, etc.)
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 18
19. Stakeholders
• Individuals
• Families
• Businesses and
other Organizations
• Industry Groups
• Regional
Governments:
– Cities
– States
– Nations
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 19
20. “The best way to predict the future is to inspire the
next generation of students to build it better”
Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing
Energy Construction ICT Retail
Finance Healthcare Education Government
21. Be Prepared
• Understand open AI code + data +
models + stacks + communities
– Leaderboards
– Ethical conduct
• Learn 3 R’s of IBM’s Cognitive
Opentech Group (COG)
– Read arXiv
– Redo with Github
– Report with Jupyter notebooks on
DSX and/or leaderboards
• Improve your team’s skills of rapidly
rebuilding from scratch
– Build your open code eminence
– Understand open innovation
– Communities + Leaderboards
3/24/2023 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 21
1972 used
Punch cards
2016 used
IBM Watson
Open APIs to win…
22. Courses
• 2015
– “How to build a cognitive system for Q&A task.”
– 9 months to 40% question answering accuracy
– 1-2 years for 90% accuracy, which questions to reject
• 2025
– “How to use a cognitive system to be a better professional X.”
– Tools to build a student level Q&A from textbook in 1 week
• 2035
– “How to use your cognitive mediator to build a startup.”
– Tools to build faculty level Q&A for textbook in one day
– Cognitive mediator knows a person better than they know themselves
• 2055
– “How to manage your workforce of digital workers.”
– Most people have 100 digital workers.
3/24/2023 22
Take free online cognitive classes today at cognitiveclass.ai
34. Industries Transformed
Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing
Energy Construction ICT Retail
Finance Healthcare Education Government
“The best way to predict the future is to inspire the next generation of students to build it better”
49. Brian Arthur - Economist
• The term “technological unemployment” is from John Maynard Keynes’s 1930 lecture,
“Economic possibilities for our grandchildren,” where he predicted that in the future, around
2030, the production problem would be solved and there would be enough for everyone, but
machines (robots, he thought) would cause “technological unemployment.” There would be
plenty to go around, but the means of getting a share in it, jobs, might be scarce. We are not
quite at 2030, but I believe we have reached the “Keynes point,” where indeed enough is
produced by the economy, both physical and virtual, for all of us. (If total US household
income of $8.495 trillion were shared by America’s 116 million households, each would earn
$73,000, enough for a decent middle-class life.) And we have reached a point where
technological unemployment is becoming a reality. The problem in this new phase we’ve
entered is not quite jobs, it is access to what’s produced. Jobs have been the main means of
access for only 200 or 300 years. Before that, farm labor, small craft workshops, voluntary
piecework, or inherited wealth provided access. Now access needs to change again. However
this happens, we have entered a different phase for the economy, a new era where production
matters less and what matters more is access to that production: distribution, in other words—
who gets what and how they get it. We have entered the distributive era.
3/24/2023 IBM #OpenTechAI 49
58. OpenTechAI on GitHub (April 29,
2018)
Code Stars (K) Forks (K)
Tencent NCNN 3 0.8
Google Kubeflow 3 0.3
Microsoft ONNX 3 0.3
Google TensorBoard 1 0.3
Apache SystemML 0.6 0.2
IBM (watson-intu) INTU (10 Repositories) 0.1 0.07
IBM FfDL 0.1 0.04
IBM ART 0.1 0.03
IBM MAX 0.005 0.017
LFDL AT&T Acumos (35 Repositories) 0.01 0
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59. Headlines
• 2017 Popular
– “AI vs People”
– “X-Y team up to invest big in AI”
• 2025 Commonplace
– “People using AI to become better at their
professions, serving others.”
– “Teenagers using AI to solve challenges,
and improve their communities.”
• 2085 Resilience
– “Teams competing to rapidly rebuild
socio-economic-technical systems (wise
service systems) from scratch”
– “U.N. Pluto-base makes major discovery
about nature of universe. U.F.P.
established.”
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IEEE 2017
64. Icons of AI
Progress
• 1956: Dartmouth Conference
organized by:
– John McCarthy (Dartmouth, later
Stanford)
– Marvin Minsky (MIT)
– and two senior scientists:
• Claude Shannon (Bell Labs)
• Nathan Rochester (IBM)
• 1997: Deep Blue (IBM) - Chess
• 2011: Watson Jeopardy! (IBM)
• 2016: AlphaGo (Google DeepMinds)
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65. AI to IA Timeline: Hard unsolved AI
problems
• 2012-2017 AI Pattern Recognition and
Learning from Massive Labeled Data
– Speech, image, translation, driverless, games
– Chatbots as digital assistants
• 2018 Video Understanding
• 2021 Episodic Memory
• 2022 Learning from Watching
• 2024 Commonsense Reasoning
• 2026 Learning from Reading
• 2028 Learning from Doing
• 2030 Fluent Conversation
• 2031-2039 Cognitive Collaborator and
Mediator; Intelligence Augmentation (IA)
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66. Jim Spohrer (IBM)
For C Mohan
Wednesday February 21, 2018
http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/nsf-20180124-v18
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The Future of AI:
Measuring Progress and Preparing
77. In Conclusion
• Hundreds of AI Challenge Leaderboards
exist and the number is growing
• Can one system be built to do them all?
See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FpdEmySsuc
78. What types of digital cognitive
systems?
• Cognitive Build: Outthink Challenge (250K people)
– Imagine a digital cognitive system to help you do
something important in your personal or professional
lives
– Team to design it and advocate for it, and then
everyone votes
– Winners: reduce waste and human suffering, screen
for health issues and safety threats, learn life skills and
make better choices, find what you are looking for,
move around more effectively, provide emotional
support, provide IT support, learn about important
public policy goals and make better choices
• Types: Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator
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94. What types of digital cognitive
systems?
• Cognitive Build: Outthink Challenge (250K people)
– Imagine a digital cognitive system to help you do
something important in your personal or professional
lives
– Team to design it and advocate for it, and then
everyone votes
– Winners: reduce waste and human suffering, screen
for health issues and safety threats, learn life skills and
make better choices, find what you are looking for,
move around more effectively, provide emotional
support, provide IT support, learn about important
public policy goals and make better choices
• Types: Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator
3/24/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 94
105. Tomorrow: Servitization
• Start with any traditional product that is sold to customers
• Make the product part of a smart/wise service system
– Instrument it (sensors) – Internet of Things/Everything
– Set-up an intelligent operation center to monitor all products’
performance across their life-cycles
– Use big data analytics to determine how to improve product
performance, efficiency, maintenance, etc.
– Offer customer the “product-performance-as-a-service” with
financing/Internet of Service
– Customer benefits from cost-savings, predictability
– Provider benefits margin-improvements, predictability
• Every product becomes a platform technology (a vehicle for
service innovation) for innovative university startups
106. Vision: MMaaRRSS
• Modular Manufacturing as a Regional
Recirculation Service System
– “I am the stuff that will be made into product X for
customer Y.”
– Stuff = Material, Energy, and Information Flows
– Minimize transport costs (for products and waste)
• The Vision: Circular Economy (~4 minutes)
109. What is a cognitive system (entity)?
3/24/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 109
110. What is a digital cognitive system
(entity)?
3/24/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 110
111. Backup slides
• Service systems - http://service-
science.info/archives/3368
3/24/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 111
112. Assisting individuals and organizations
to close their service innovation skills gap
and co-create wiser service systems
empowering employees, customers, citizens
with cognitive mediators
in the collaborative service economy
113. What is service science?
• IBM initiated effort to establish a
multidisciplinary field to study
service systems … with a focus on
people-centered, IT-enabled service
innovations for business and society
– based on service-dominant logic
– service = value co-creation
– IT-enabled service architectures
– service systems (socio-technical
systems for win-win value co-creation)
• IBM helped establish
– computer science (1945-present)
– service science (2005-present)
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Service systems are dynamic configurations of
resources (people, technology, organizations,
and information) interconnected by
value propositions, internally and externally.
Examples:
- macro: cities, states, nations
- meso: hospitals, universities, businesses
- micro: households, families, individuals
Reference:
Spohrer J, Maglio P, Bailey J, Gruhl D (2007)
Steps toward a science of service systems.
IEEE Computer Society. 40(3):71-77(January).
114. What is service science?
• Now over 500 universities globally teach a more
multidisciplinary approach to service innovation,
including:
– Service management and marketing
– Service engineering and operations
– Service design and arts
– Service public policy and economics
– Service computing and informatics
• SSME + DAPP =
Service Science Management Engineering +
Design Arts Public Policy
– People, technology, organizations, information
interconnected by value propositions.
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Reference:
IfM & IBM (2008). Succeeding through service
innovation: A service perspective for education,
research, business and government.
University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing,
Cambridge, UK. 2008.
115. How to get involved?
• Weekly speaker series
– Service innovation
– Service education & research
– Smart service/cognitive systems
• Discovery summits & book series
• Opportunities
– Institutional memberships
– Leadership & ambassadors
– Volunteer opportunities
– Awards & sponsored
conferences
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ISSIP.org is a non-profit society
International Society of Service Innovation Professionals
Membership:
Over 1000 professionals and students from 40+ countries,
50+ companies and 50+ universities.
116. How to get involved?
• Journals (INFORMS,
etc.)
• Conferences (HICSS,
etc.)
• Courses (MIT, etc.)
• Funding (NSF, etc.)
• Society (ISSIP, etc.)
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117. What are the hot topics?
• Smart Service Systems: Intelligence Augmentation
– AI + AR UX (Artificial Intelligence + Augmented Reality User
Experience)
– Smartphones (mobile, social, secure, etc.)
• Collaborative Economy: Servitization
– From assets to co-creation (e.g., Uber, AirBnB, etc.)
– From product to capability/outcome-as-a-service
– Manufacturing as a local recycling service
• Digital Transformation: Trust and Identity
– Blockchain: Don Tapscott’s TED Talk & book
– Big Data: Service Analytics & HAT (Hub of All Things)
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126. Next Generation:
Future-Ready T-Shaped Adaptive Innovators
Many disciplines
Many sectors
Many regions/cultures
(understanding & communications)
Deep
in
one
sector
Deep
in
one
region/culture
Deep
in
one
discipline
127. By 2035, T-Shaped Makers with great
Building Blocks and Cognitive Mediators
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Empathy & Teamwork
sector
region/culture
discipline
Depth
Breadth
STEM
Liberal Arts
132. You say you want a
revolution?
October 8, 2017
https://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/revolution-20171008-v23
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