The document discusses several cases related to teaching for understanding: 1. A teacher chooses To Kill a Mockingbird and plans cooperative group work and an essay assessment. 2. A student teacher asks students an open-ended question that gets no response, showing a lack of understanding. 3. A student compares Catcher in the Rye to Bill and Ted in their essay, rather than discussing the novel's big ideas. It emphasizes the importance of essential questions that promote inquiry, transfer of learning, and understanding of big ideas rather than simple coverage of content.