This document provides information about describing purpose and giving reasons in English. It discusses using infinitive clauses with "to" and "for" to talk about purpose. For example, "to run a popular Internet café, it’s a good idea to have late opening hours." It also discusses using structures like "in order to" and mentioning reasons using phrases like "due to." There are examples of matching goals with suggestions and practice filling in sentences with connectors like "because," "since," and "the reason." Finally, there is a vocabulary section with words like "nest," "victory," "goddess" and their meanings.

1. UNIT 12 The right stuff
Describing Purpose and Giving Reasons
Lic. Selene Rodríguez 2008/2009
Lic. Norma Dzib

2. Describing Purpose
Infinitive clauses
To run a popular Internet café, it’s a good idea to have late opening hours.
(In order) to establish a trendy restaurant, it’s important to have fashionable
servers
Infinitive clauses with for
For an athletic center to be profitable, it needs to have modern exercise
equipment
(In order) for a shopping mall to succeed, it has to have a convenient
location

3. Talking about the purpose of an action
*****************************************
• To talk about the purpose of an action we can use the infinitive
•of purpose (to + infinitive)
“ She’s saving up to pay for a holiday”
“She works in a bar to earn some extra money”
• We can also use in order to + infinitive. It is more formal.
“In order to sell them she’s put an advert in the local paper
“She works in a bar in order to earn some extra money”
•We can use this two structures only if each part of the sentence
has the same subject.
• Note that there’s no negative form of the infinitive of purpose
We can’t say: Sarah stays in most evenings not to spend money

4. Match each goal with a suggestion. (More than one answer is possible)
Goals Suggestions
1. For a health club to attract new people, a. you need to hire a talented chef
2. In order to run a profitable restaurant, b. it’s a good idea to offer desserts, too
3. To establish a successful new dance club, c. you need to keep up with the latest styles
4. For a coffee bar to succeed, d. it needs to have great music and lighting
5. In order for a magazine to succeed, e. it has to offer the latest types of equipment
6. To run a successful clothing boutique, f. it has to provide useful information
PRACTICE

5. Giving reasons
I like The Casablanca because it’s always packed
Since it’s always so packed, there’s a long wait outside of the club
It’s popular because of fashionable people
The Soul Club is famous for its fabulous music
Due to the crowds, The Casablanca is difficult to get in to
The reason (that /why) people go there is just to be seen

6. PRACTICE
MTV is one of the most popular television networks in the world.
People love MTV not only ………. It’s music videos, but also
………. Its clever and diverse programming. ………. It keeps its
shows up – to – the – minute, young people watch MTV is also
well known ………. Its music awards show. ……….
So many people watch it is to see all the fashionable
guests. MTV even has shows about politics. These shows are
popular………
They are informative and appealing to young people.
………MTV’s widespread popularity, many teenagers have
become less industrious with their homework

7. Vocabulary
Match the correct word with each meaning.
___Rice cooker
___Goddess
___Victory
___Nest
___Informative
___Slender
___Persuasive
___Tough
___Affordable
___Entertaining
___Industrious
1. The place where birds lay their eggs
2. Success in a battle or competition
3. A female god
4. An electric pot used to cook rice
5. Hardworking
6. Able to influence other people
7. Thin
8. Strong; able to deal with difficult
conditions
9. Providing useful knowledge or
ideas
10. Amusing and interesting
11. Having a reasonable price

8. Vocabulary
 Learned the hard way: made a lot of mistakes or had a lot of
difficulty before
 learning something.
 Overlooked: didn't notice something or didn't realize how
important it was.
 Sure enough: used to say that something happened exactly the
way someone
 thought it would.
 Translated… literally: translated from one language to another,
word by word, according to its most basic meaning rather than the
general meaning
 As it turned out: the way something actually happened.
 Pleading: asking for something in an urgent and anxious way.
 Ancestors: Family members who lived long ago.
 Packaging: the container a product is sold in.
 Countless: too many to be counted.
 Pure coincidence: two thing happening together completely by
chance,
 in a surprising way.

9. Bibliography
Richards, Jack C.
Interchange Third Edition
Cambridge University Press
2005
Shepherd, J.
Multilevel English Grammar Programme
Phoenix ELT
1996
profiles.friendster.com
cineyespectaculo.blogspot.es
www.osha.gov
mvdg.wordpress.com
www.trans4mind.com
www.sixfiguremomsclub.com
www.rotudekor.es