The document discusses types of virtualization and high availability server architecture. It begins by defining virtualization and describing its purposes. It then covers types of virtualization including operating system and application virtualization, the two types of hypervisors, and containers. It also discusses specific virtualization tools like VMware vSphere, Hyper-V, VMware Workstation, Docker, and XenApp. The document then shifts to discussing high availability, how it is achieved through methods like backups, replication, load balancing, scalable architectures, failover clusters, and geographic distribution.

1. contact@techbrain.pl
@pchmielecki87
Dr Przemysław Chmielecki
Types of virtualization and
HA server architecture

2. Drinż.PrzemysławChmielecki
EnterpriseServerInfrastructureandCloudEngineerinASSAABLOYGroup
CEOinTechBrain
Specialized in:
 AWS and Azure Cloud;
 WindowsServer 2012R2/2016(AD, GPO,DNS, DHCP, WSUS, PowerShell scripting, etc.);
 Linux Debian distros and CentOS/RHEL;
 OS Virtualization (VMware vSphere, Citrix, Hyper-V);
 SQL DB (Microsoft, Oracle);
 Java EE;
 Ansible and Docker;

3. Agenda:
PART I
1. What is and for what we need virtualization?
2. Typesof virtualization:
1. Virtualization of (1) OS and (2) App
2. Two types of hypervisor
3. Containers
3. Virtualization tools:
1. T1.VMware VSphere ESXi
2. T1.Hyper-V
3. T2.VMware Workstation / Virtualbox
4. E.Docker
5. E.XenApp
4. Q&A
PART II
1. What HAmeans?
2. How to reach HA:
1. Data Backups, Recovery and Replication
2. Network Load Balancing (NLB)
3. Scalable Architecture (Azure example)
4. Failover Cluster
5. Geographically Distributed Disaster Recovery
3. Q&A

4. PartI. Types of virtualization

5. 1.Whatisandforwhatweneedvirtualization?
Virtualizationrefers to the creation of avirtual resource such as a server, desktop, operating system, file,
storage or network
• Toencapsulate and isolate test environment from other apps/distractors
• Toeasy test solutions on many different systems
• ...

6. 2.Typesofvirtualization
2.1.Virtualizationof(1)OSand(2)App
• OS:
• Oracle VirtualBox
• VMware ESXi/Workstation/vSphere
• MS Hyper-V
• MS System Center Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)
• Docker?
• App:
• MS App-V
• Citirix XenApp
• Docker?

7. 2.2.Twotypesofhypervisor:
• Type-1/native/bare-metalhypervisors
• These hypervisors rundirectlyonthehost'shardwaretocontrolthe
hardwareandtomanageguestoperatingsystems.Examples:
• Xen,
• Oracle VM Server for SPARC/x86,
• Microsoft Hyper-V,
• VMware ESX/ESXi.
• Type-2/ hostedhypervisors
• These hypervisors runona conventionaloperatingsystem(OS)justasother
computerprogramsdo.A guest operating system runsasaprocesson the
host. Type-2 hypervisors abstract guest operating systems from the host
operating system. Examples:
• VMware Workstation/Player,
• VirtualBox,
• Parallels Desktop for Mac
• KVM for Linux and bhyve for FreeBSD*.

8. 2.3.Containers
• Containers are an abstraction at the applayer that
packages code and dependencies together. Multiple
containers can run on the same machine and share
the OS kernel with other containers.
• ContainersprovideOS-levelprocessisolation
whereas virtual machines offer isolation at the
hardware abstraction layer (i.e., hardware
virtualization).
• In IaaS use cases machine virtualization is an ideal
fit, while containersarebestsuitedfor
packaging/shippingportableandmodularsoftware.
• Containers take up less space than VMs (container i
mages are typicallytens of MBsin size), and
start almost instantly.

9. 3.Virtualizationtools
T1.VMwarevSphereESXi
VMwareESXi(formerly ESX;ElasticSkyX) is an enterprise-class, type-1hypervisor developed byVMware for deploying
and serving virtual computers. As a type-1hypervisor, ESXi is not a software application that is installed on an OS;
instead, it includes and integrates vital OS components, such as a kernel.

10. T1.Hyper-V
Hyper-Vis a "type1" or "native" hypervisor.That means it has direct access to the physical machine's hardware. The
standalone version of Hyper-Vwill run on "bare metal" — that is, you don't have to install it on an underlying host
operating system.
Hyper-Vwas first released alongside Windows Server 2008, and has been available without charge for all the Windows
Server and some client operating systems since.

11. T2.VMwareWorkstation/ Virtualbox
VMwarePlayer/WorkstationandVirtualBoxare applications for running multiple operating systems as
virtual machines (VMs) ona single Linux or Windows PC.

12. E.Docker
A container image is a lightweight, stand-alone, executable package of a pieceof software that includes
everything needed to run it: code,runtime,systemtools,systemlibraries,settings.Available for bothLinux
and Windows (native support since W10) basedapps, containerized software will always run the same,
regardless of the environment.
What allows Docker?
 Container virtualization
 Build, pack, ship and run
applications as containers
 Build once, run in many places
 Isolated and content agnostic

13. E.XenApp
XenApp is an application virtualization solution that allows universal access to virtual apps,desktops, and data
from any device.
It delivers centrally-hosted Windows applications to local devices without the necessity of installing them. It is
the flagship product for Citrix and was formerly known under the names WinFrame, MetaFrame, and Presentation
Server.

14. 4.Q&A

15. PartII. HA Server Architecture

16. 1.WhatHAmeans?
HighAvailability(HA)refers to a system or component that is continuously operational for a desirably long
length of time
i.e. HA at level 99.999% means that the downtime is less than 5.26 minutes per year
http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/high-availability

17. 2.HowtoreachHA?
http://cloudonmove.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Cloud-service-models-e1500291137271.png

18. 2.1.DataBackups,RecoveryandReplication
• DB replication
• DB master-slave replication
• SQL AlwaysOn:
• AlwaysOn Failover Clustering Instances
(AlwaysOn FCI)
• AlwaysOn Availability Groups (AlwaysOn
AG)
• Multi-master AD
https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/4717/what-is-sql-server-alwayson/

19. https://images.techhive.com/images/article/2017/04/object-storage-aws-azure-google-rightscale-100719437-large.jpg
http://massivescale.com/assets/wp/2012/05/AmazonAzureComp.png
Elasticapproach
• Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)
• Microsoft Azure SQL Databases

20. http://images.slideplayer.com/43/10844302/slides/slide_10.jpg

21. https://mscloudstorage.blob.core.windows.net/mscloudstorage/2016/07/standard.png

22. https://mscloudstorage.blob.core.windows.net/mscloudstorage/2016/07/active.png

23. 2.2.NetworkLoadBalancing(NLB)
• NLB is a feature that distributes network traffic among multiple servers or virtual machines within a
cluster to avoid overloading any one host and improveperformance
• NLB as WS2012 built-in feature vshardware LB
• NLB vsALB (application)
• Small company vs bigenterprise
• NLB vsDBLB(DB Clustering)
http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/definition/Network-Load-Balancing-NLB

24. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/traffic-manager/media/traffic-manager-load-balancing-azure/scenario-diagram.png

25. https://d2908q01vomqb2.cloudfront.net/77de68daecd823babbb58edb1c8e14d7106e83bb/2017/02/15/HC1.com_-1024x775.png

26. https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*wC8VOl3b-Asl7ktSFDnO4w.png

27. 2.3.AzureHADR
https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/privatecloud/2015/05/20/disaster-recovery-for-the-microsoft-cloud-platform-system/

28. 2.4.FailoverCluster
If one of the servers, or nodes, fails, another
node in the cluster can take over its workload
without any downtime.
http://lh4.ggpht.com/_p2ZBNGf_7w8/TbDNNN07n8I/AAAAAAAAGfo/TMKBHwMsAew/image_thumb%5B26%5D.png?imgmax=800

29. WindowsAzureHyper-VRecoveryManager
Hyper-V Recovery Manager uses the
capabilities provided by WindowsServer's
Hyper-VReplicafeaturetobackupVMs
froma primarydatacentertoa
secondarydatacenter.In the event of an
outage at the primary data center,
Hyper-V Recovery Manager automatesthe
failoverprocessto bring workloads
back up at the secondary site with
minimal downtime. Hyper-V Recovery
Manager can also beused to test the
recovery process
https://msdnshared.blob.core.windows.net/media/TNBlogsFS/prod.evol.blogs.technet.com/CommunityServer.Blogs.Components.WeblogFiles/00/00/00/65/88/metablogapi/7080.clip_image004[8].png
searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/definition/Windows-Azure-Hyper-V-Recovery-Manager

30. VMMperformancemanagement
VMMDynamic Optimization
During Dynamic Optimization, VMM migrates virtual
machines within a host cluster to improve load
balancing among hosts and to correct any
placement constraint violations for virtual
machines.
VMMPower Optimization
Power Optimization is an optional feature of
Dynamic Optimization, and it is only available when a
host group is configured to migrate virtual
machines through Dynamic Optimization. Through
Power Optimization, VMM helpstosaveenergyby
turningoffhoststhatarenotneededtomeet
resourcerequirementswithina hostclusterand
turns the hosts back on when they are needed again.
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg675109(v=sc.12).aspx

31. 2.5.GeographicallyDistributedDisasterRecovery
https://www.atomia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cloud-provider-location-map.png

32. 3.Q&A

33. Sources:
• https://www.atlantech.net/blog/hyper-v-vs.-vmware-which-is-best
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ESXi
• https://www.upguard.com/articles/docker-vs.-vmware-how-do-they-stack-up
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpdUDUVMNKM
• https://www.vladan.fr/vmware-docker-integration-and-more/
• https://www.docker.com/what-container
• https://www.citrix.com/products/xenapp-xendesktop/
• https://redmondmag.com/articles/2014/04/01/citrix-products-evolve.aspx
• https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-things-you-should-know-about-hyper-v/