The level of trust that has characterized science and its relationship with society has contributed to a period of unparalleled scientific productivity. But this trust will endure only if the scientific community devotes itself to exemplifying and transmitting the values associated with ethical scientific conduct. Government oversight of scientific research is important, but such oversight, in the form of administrative rules, typically stipulates what cannot be done.
Fostering & Promoting Integrity in Research.pptxsheelu57
Most of the research organizations rely on a variety of methods for promoting integrity in the research. They establish organizational components to comply with regulations imposed by an external environment. They offer educational programs to teach the elements of the responsible conduct of research and they implement policies and procedures that delineate the normative practices of responsible research and establish criteria for rewards and recognition; and they develop processes to evaluate and enforce institutional behaviour. To establish a basis for organizational learning and continuous quality improvement, organizations should simultaneously implement processes for evaluating their efforts to foster responsible conduct of research.
Education in the responsible conduct of research should be no less integral to the education of a researcher. Educational abilities are complex combinations of motivations, dispositions, attitudes, values, knowledge of concepts and procedures, skills, strategies and behaviours. These combinations are dynamic and interactive, and they can be acquired and developed through both education and experience. When National Academy of Science committee advocates the promotion of integrity in the institutional research environment, it is advocating the creation of a climate in the institution, the department, and the research group that promotes integrity in research.
It may be very important to realize that there is a wide spectrum of severity of research misconduct. On lesser level/scale are practices such an intentionally failing to cite the work of competitors, and citing our own work more frequently than necessary. Similarly, changing the white threshold of an image to clean up the background must not be done, because it alters the original data, but it is treated a mild sin in academics and research. On the other end of the scale is generation of data by just making up numbers, or generating false images by duplicating/altering/re-labeling other one's fabricated literature/research/findings While determining the severity of the misconduct, or whether it is misconduct at all, it is important to determine the degree of intent, although this is not always easy for all. Most of the figures in the research papers are comprised of many similar looking parts, whether they might be photomicrographs, gels and blots. Flow cytometer plots, or traces from a patch-clamp amplifier. It can therefore possible for someone to inadvertently grab the same image file twice, leading to a duplicated and wrongly labeled part of a figure. On the other hand, if many duplications are found in the figures in a particular literature/paper, and they also involve rotations, differential cropping, or mirror images, and if similar anomalies are also apparent in other works by the same authors, deliberate falsification or fabrication is much more likely.
With lots of pressures to publish the research/findings, and the availability of image processing software, the temptation to cut corners and artificially generate the desired result has never been greater work. Thousands of examples can be found in records on the post-publication peer review site PubPeer <https://pubpeer.com. However, although sites such as this can alert readers to concerns about research papers, and can provide very strong evidence. They don't provide proof of intent, or reveal which of the authors on multi-author papers bears responsibility. For this activity, action is required to be taken either by the authors themselves or through the establishment of an inquiry by their institution/university/organization. For the last couple of years or so, most of the research journals have explicitly stated in their guidelines to authors what kinds of image manipulation are acceptable, and which are not at all.
The level of trust that has characterized science and its relationship with society has contributed to a period of unparalleled scientific productivity. But this trust will endure only if the scientific community devotes itself to exemplifying and transmitting the values associated with ethical scientific conduct. Government oversight of scientific research is important, but such oversight, in the form of administrative rules, typically stipulates what cannot be done.
Fostering & Promoting Integrity in Research.pptxsheelu57
Most of the research organizations rely on a variety of methods for promoting integrity in the research. They establish organizational components to comply with regulations imposed by an external environment. They offer educational programs to teach the elements of the responsible conduct of research and they implement policies and procedures that delineate the normative practices of responsible research and establish criteria for rewards and recognition; and they develop processes to evaluate and enforce institutional behaviour. To establish a basis for organizational learning and continuous quality improvement, organizations should simultaneously implement processes for evaluating their efforts to foster responsible conduct of research.
Education in the responsible conduct of research should be no less integral to the education of a researcher. Educational abilities are complex combinations of motivations, dispositions, attitudes, values, knowledge of concepts and procedures, skills, strategies and behaviours. These combinations are dynamic and interactive, and they can be acquired and developed through both education and experience. When National Academy of Science committee advocates the promotion of integrity in the institutional research environment, it is advocating the creation of a climate in the institution, the department, and the research group that promotes integrity in research.
It may be very important to realize that there is a wide spectrum of severity of research misconduct. On lesser level/scale are practices such an intentionally failing to cite the work of competitors, and citing our own work more frequently than necessary. Similarly, changing the white threshold of an image to clean up the background must not be done, because it alters the original data, but it is treated a mild sin in academics and research. On the other end of the scale is generation of data by just making up numbers, or generating false images by duplicating/altering/re-labeling other one's fabricated literature/research/findings While determining the severity of the misconduct, or whether it is misconduct at all, it is important to determine the degree of intent, although this is not always easy for all. Most of the figures in the research papers are comprised of many similar looking parts, whether they might be photomicrographs, gels and blots. Flow cytometer plots, or traces from a patch-clamp amplifier. It can therefore possible for someone to inadvertently grab the same image file twice, leading to a duplicated and wrongly labeled part of a figure. On the other hand, if many duplications are found in the figures in a particular literature/paper, and they also involve rotations, differential cropping, or mirror images, and if similar anomalies are also apparent in other works by the same authors, deliberate falsification or fabrication is much more likely.
With lots of pressures to publish the research/findings, and the availability of image processing software, the temptation to cut corners and artificially generate the desired result has never been greater work. Thousands of examples can be found in records on the post-publication peer review site PubPeer <https://pubpeer.com. However, although sites such as this can alert readers to concerns about research papers, and can provide very strong evidence. They don't provide proof of intent, or reveal which of the authors on multi-author papers bears responsibility. For this activity, action is required to be taken either by the authors themselves or through the establishment of an inquiry by their institution/university/organization. For the last couple of years or so, most of the research journals have explicitly stated in their guidelines to authors what kinds of image manipulation are acceptable, and which are not at all.
Most people learn ethical norms at home, school, church, or other social settings.
Although most people acquire their sense of right and wrong during childhood, moral
development occurs throughout life, and human beings pass through different stages of growth as they mature. Ethical norms are so ubiquitous that one might be tempted to regard them as simple
commonsense.
Research ethics are essential for several reasons. They promote the aims of the research, such as expanding knowledge. They support the values required for collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness. This is essential because scientific research depends on collaboration between researchers and groups.
Research ethics are moral principles that guide researchers to conduct and report research without deception or intention to harm the participants of the study or members of the society as a whole, whether knowingly or unknowingly. Practising ethical guidelines while conducting and reporting research is essential to establish the validity of your research.
The following is a rough and general summary of some ethical principles that various codes
address:
Honesty
Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly report data, results, methods and
procedures, and publication status.
Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do not deceive
colleagues, research sponsors, or the public.
Objectivity
Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where
objectivity is expected or required. Avoid or minimise bias or self-deception. Disclose personal
or financial interests that may affect research.
Integrity
Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.
Carefulness
Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the
work of your peers. Keep good records of research activities, such as data collection, research
design, and correspondence with agencies or journals.
Openness
Share data, results, ideas, tools, and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
Respect for Intellectual Property
Honour patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all
research contributions. Never plagiarise.
Confidentiality
Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.
Responsible Publication
Publish to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
Responsible Mentoring
Help to educate, mentor, and advise students. Promote their welfare and allow them to make
their own decisions.
Respect for colleagues
Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly.
Presentation "Challenges in research ethics" by Milica Ševkušić, Re@WBC ERASMUS + Project, Training for trainers, April 5–7, 2017, University of Belgrade
What are Research Ethics?
Why are Research Ethics
Important?
General Ethical Principles
Ethical Decision Making in
Research
Ethical Standards for Human
Research.
Intellectual Honesty and Research Integrity.pptxsheelu57
Intellectual honesty is an applied method of problem solving, characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude, which can be demonstrated in a number of different ways including:
Ensuring support for chosen ideologies does not interfere with the pursuit of truth;
Relevant facts and information are not purposefully omitted even when such things may contradict one's hypothesis;
Facts are presented in an unbiased manner, and not twisted to give misleading impressions or to support one view over another;
References, or earlier work, are acknowledged where possible, and plagiarism is avoided. practices.
For individuals, research integrity is an aspect of moral character and experience. It involves above all a commitment to intellectual honesty and personal responsibility for one's actions and to a range of practices that characterize responsible research conduct.
A PRESENTATION ON RESEARCH METHODS: SELECTION OF A RESEARCH TOPIC, FORMULATING A HYPOTHESIS, PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH, QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE DEBATE & SELECTION OF A RESEARCH METHOD
Research Methodology_UNIT_I_General Research Methodology M. Pharm (IIIrd Sem.)Prachi Pandey
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical
difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate
errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques.
In the race to publish more papers, some researchers indulge in unethical practices, one of which is salami slicing. Salami slicing means fragmenting one study and publishing it in multiple papers. This practice is considered improper and can affect your career, besides being damaging to science. This SlideShare explains in detail what salami slicing is and why it is considered unethical. It also includes opinions of journal editors on the issue.
Most people learn ethical norms at home, school, church, or other social settings.
Although most people acquire their sense of right and wrong during childhood, moral
development occurs throughout life, and human beings pass through different stages of growth as they mature. Ethical norms are so ubiquitous that one might be tempted to regard them as simple
commonsense.
Research ethics are essential for several reasons. They promote the aims of the research, such as expanding knowledge. They support the values required for collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness. This is essential because scientific research depends on collaboration between researchers and groups.
Research ethics are moral principles that guide researchers to conduct and report research without deception or intention to harm the participants of the study or members of the society as a whole, whether knowingly or unknowingly. Practising ethical guidelines while conducting and reporting research is essential to establish the validity of your research.
The following is a rough and general summary of some ethical principles that various codes
address:
Honesty
Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly report data, results, methods and
procedures, and publication status.
Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do not deceive
colleagues, research sponsors, or the public.
Objectivity
Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where
objectivity is expected or required. Avoid or minimise bias or self-deception. Disclose personal
or financial interests that may affect research.
Integrity
Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.
Carefulness
Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the
work of your peers. Keep good records of research activities, such as data collection, research
design, and correspondence with agencies or journals.
Openness
Share data, results, ideas, tools, and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
Respect for Intellectual Property
Honour patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all
research contributions. Never plagiarise.
Confidentiality
Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.
Responsible Publication
Publish to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
Responsible Mentoring
Help to educate, mentor, and advise students. Promote their welfare and allow them to make
their own decisions.
Respect for colleagues
Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly.
Presentation "Challenges in research ethics" by Milica Ševkušić, Re@WBC ERASMUS + Project, Training for trainers, April 5–7, 2017, University of Belgrade
What are Research Ethics?
Why are Research Ethics
Important?
General Ethical Principles
Ethical Decision Making in
Research
Ethical Standards for Human
Research.
Intellectual Honesty and Research Integrity.pptxsheelu57
Intellectual honesty is an applied method of problem solving, characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude, which can be demonstrated in a number of different ways including:
Ensuring support for chosen ideologies does not interfere with the pursuit of truth;
Relevant facts and information are not purposefully omitted even when such things may contradict one's hypothesis;
Facts are presented in an unbiased manner, and not twisted to give misleading impressions or to support one view over another;
References, or earlier work, are acknowledged where possible, and plagiarism is avoided. practices.
For individuals, research integrity is an aspect of moral character and experience. It involves above all a commitment to intellectual honesty and personal responsibility for one's actions and to a range of practices that characterize responsible research conduct.
A PRESENTATION ON RESEARCH METHODS: SELECTION OF A RESEARCH TOPIC, FORMULATING A HYPOTHESIS, PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH, QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE DEBATE & SELECTION OF A RESEARCH METHOD
Research Methodology_UNIT_I_General Research Methodology M. Pharm (IIIrd Sem.)Prachi Pandey
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical
difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate
errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques.
In the race to publish more papers, some researchers indulge in unethical practices, one of which is salami slicing. Salami slicing means fragmenting one study and publishing it in multiple papers. This practice is considered improper and can affect your career, besides being damaging to science. This SlideShare explains in detail what salami slicing is and why it is considered unethical. It also includes opinions of journal editors on the issue.
Enhancing Reading and Writing Proficiency in Young Learners Key Strategies an...sheelu57
In this presentation, we will explore key strategies and steps to enhance reading and writing proficiency in young learners. We will discuss effective methods to cultivate a love for literacy and improve language skills.
Early exposure to reading and writing lays the foundation for academic success and critical thinking. It fosters communication skills and encourages imagination and creativity in young learners.
An In-Depth Analysis A Comprehensive Overview of the National Education Polic...sheelu57
The National Education Policy 2020 is a comprehensive framework that aims to revolutionize the Indian education system. It addresses the need for holistic and multidisciplinary education, emphasizing flexibility and creativity. The policy also focuses on equitable access to education and aims to transform India into a global knowledge superpower.
The policy emphasizes early childhood care and education, a 5+3+3+4 curricular and pedagogical structure, multilingualism, and a focus on foundational literacy and numeracy. It also promotes critical thinking and holistic development through a flexible and multidisciplinary approach.
The Enchanting Symphony Exploring the Essence and Exquisite Forms of Poetry.pdfsheelu57
Welcome to The Enchanting Symphony: Exploring the Essence and Exquisite Forms of Poetry. Join us in a journey through the magical world of poetry, where words dance and emotions sing in harmony.
Versification is the rhythmic arrangement of words in poetry, creating a melodious flow. It encompasses various forms such as sonnets, haikus, and free verse, each with its unique charm.
The term “sustainable development” first came to prominence in the world Conservation Strategy (WCS) in 1980.
It achieved a new status with the publication of two significant reports by Brundtalnd on: North and South: a programme for survival and common crisis (1985) and
Our Common Future (1983) and has gained even greater attention since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Jenerio in June 1992.
Vikram Seth, a renowned Indian author, poet, and travel writer, was born in 1952. He gained international acclaim with his epic novel 'A Suitable Boy'. Seth's writing style is characterized by his attention to detail and his ability to capture the essence of diverse cultures. 'Kathmandu' is one of his lesser-known works, but it showcases his mastery of storytelling and his exploration of complex human emotions.
An in-depth analysis of Vikram Seth's 'Kathmandu', exploring its multifaceted dimensions. This presentation critically examines the novel's themes, characters, and narrative structure, shedding light on its cultural and social significance. Through a formal lens, we delve into the complexities of Seth's work, aiming to uncover the hidden layers that make 'Kathmandu' a literary masterpiece.
Set in the vibrant city of Kathmandu, the novel follows the lives of three interconnected characters: Vijay, Nath, and Rasika. Through their personal journeys, Seth explores themes of love, loss, identity, and spirituality. The narrative weaves together their experiences, providing a nuanced portrayal of the city's cultural tapestry and the characters' inner struggles.
In this presentation, we will critically analyze Douglas James' work 'If I Were You'. We will explore the themes, symbolism, and narrative techniques used in the novel, shedding light on the author's unique writing style. Through this study, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of James' literary contributions and their significance in contemporary literature.
Douglas James, a renowned contemporary author, is known for his thought-provoking and introspective works. His writing often explores complex human emotions and the intricacies of interpersonal relationships. 'If I Were You' is one of his notable novels, published in 2015, which showcases his mastery of storytelling and character development.
Welcome to the Comprehensive Exploration of Clauses presentation. This presentation will provide a detailed understanding of clauses, including their definitions, types, and exemplification. By the end, you will have a solid grasp of this fundamental grammatical concept.
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. It can function as a complete sentence or as a part of a sentence. Clauses are essential in conveying meaning and establishing relationships between different parts of a sentence.
Welcome to the presentation on An In-depth Analysis of Reported Speech: Comprehensive Examples and Guidelines. This presentation aims to provide a formal understanding of reported speech, including its definition, usage, and guidelines. We will explore various examples to illustrate the concept and delve into the intricacies of this important linguistic phenomenon.
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of conveying someone else's words or thoughts. It involves reporting what someone said, using verb tense changes and pronoun changes. The reported speech is typically introduced by reporting verbs such as 'said', 'told', or 'asked'. Understanding the rules and guidelines of reported speech is crucial for effective communication and accurate representation of others' statements.
Welcome to the world of clauses! Discover the power they hold in shaping our language. Get ready to explore captivating examples that will unlock the secrets of effective communication. Join us on this creative journey as we delve into the art of clauses.
Welcome to the world of clauses! Discover the power they hold in shaping our language. Get ready to explore captivating examples that will unlock the secrets of effective communication. Join us on this creative journey as we delve into the art of clauses.
Clauses are building blocks of sentences. They contain a subject and a verb, expressing a complete thought. Dive deeper into this concept and understand the different types of clauses: dependent and independent. Unleash the potential of clauses to add depth and complexity to your writing.
In this presentation, we will explore the techniques and strategies to create compelling advertisements that engage and resonate with your target audience. Learn how to use emotional appeal, storytelling, and call-to-action effectively.
To captivate your audience, it is crucial to understand their needs and demographics. Conduct market research, analyze customer data, and create buyer personas. Tailor your advertisements to speak directly to their desires and solve their problems. By doing so, you'll create a strong connection and increase the chances of conversion.
In this presentation, we'll explore the hilarious misadventures of Gieve Patel's 'On Killing a Tree'. This poem may seem dark, but we're going to find the humor in it.
The poem describes the process of killing a tree. From hacking at its roots to slathering it with poison, the tree's demise is both gruesome and absurd. But don't worry, no actual trees were harmed in the making of this presentation!
So what can we learn from 'On Killing a Tree'? First, that laughter is the best medicine. Second, that nature is powerful and should be respected. And third, that poetry can be both funny and meaningful.
The poem highlights the fact that all human beings are essentially the same, regardless of their nationality or ethnicity. Through this presentation, I will delve deeper into this theme and explore its relevance in today's world.
James Kirkup's poem 'No Men Are Foreign' is a powerful statement about the universality of humanity. The poem emphasizes the fact that all human beings are connected by a common bond, and that we must learn to respect and appreciate each other, regardless of our differences. The poem is a call to action, urging us to embrace diversity and work together to build a better world.
A Legend of the Northland is a captivating poem written by Phoebe Cary in 1857. The poem tells the story of Hiawatha, a brave warrior, and his journey to find love. Along the way, he faces many challenges and meets mystical creatures. This presentation will explore the enchanting tale of Hiawatha and his adventures in the Northland.
A Legend of the Northland is a beautiful and enchanting poem that tells the story of Hiawatha's journey to find love. Through his adventures, Hiawatha learns important life lessons and meets many memorable characters. The poem's themes of nature, love, and respect make it a timeless classic that continues to captivate readers today.
The Lake Isle of Innisfree is a poem by W.B. Yeats, written in 1888. It is one of Yeats' most famous works and is known for its vivid imagery and themes of nature and escape.
The Lake Isle of Innisfree is a powerful meditation on the themes of escape, nature, and solitude. Yeats' poem reminds us of the importance of finding solace in the natural world and the power of imagination to transport us to another world.
Welcome to the world of Coates Kinney's 'Rain on the Roof'. This poem is a masterpiece that captures the essence of the beauty of rain. In this presentation, we will explore the poetic beauty of this masterpiece and how it has inspired generations.
Coates Kinney was inspired to write 'Rain on the Roof' after hearing the sound of raindrops on the roof of his house. The poem is a reflection of his love for nature and how it can inspire us to create beautiful art. Kinney's use of imagery and metaphors in the poem is a testament to his creative genius.
Welcome to Uttarakhand - a land of natural beauty, diverse cultures, and unique traditions. Join us on a journey through the geography, diversity, education, and uniqueness of this beautiful state.
Nestled in the pristine lap of the Himalayas, Uttarakhand, often referred to as the "Devbhumi" or "Land of the Gods," is a testament to the breathtaking natural beauty, cultural richness, and the remarkable unity that characterize this northern Indian state. Uttarakhand's diverse landscapes, myriad ethnicities, religions, and languages, as well as its unwavering sense of unity, collectively form a vibrant tapestry that is as fascinating as it is inspiring.
Delving into the linguistic mosaic, we will uncover the nuances of languages like Garhwali, Kumaoni, and Hindi that resonate across the state. Yet, despite this incredible diversity, Uttarakhand remains a remarkable example of unity in its people's strong sense of community and shared identity.
Protocol writing refers to the process of creating a document that outlines the guidelines, procedures, and instructions for a specific activity, event, or situation. Protocols are commonly used in various fields such as science, medicine, diplomacy, and event management to ensure consistency, clarity, and effective communication.
When writing a protocol, the following elements are typically included:
Purpose: Clearly state the objective or purpose of the protocol.
Scope: Define the boundaries and limitations of the protocol, specifying what it covers and what it does not cover.
Background: Provide relevant background information and context for the activity or event.
Roles and Responsibilities: Clearly outline the roles and responsibilities of the individuals or parties involved.
Procedures: Detail the step-by-step procedures to be followed, including specific instructions, actions, and timelines. This ensures consistency and minimizes confusion.
Safety Considerations: If applicable, include safety guidelines and protocols to ensure the well-being of participants or individuals involved.
Communication: Specify the preferred communication channels, methods, and protocols for effective coordination and information sharing.
Documentation: Identify the necessary documents, forms, or records that need to be completed or maintained.
Contingency Plans: Anticipate potential challenges or risks and outline contingency plans or alternative actions to address them.
Evaluation: Include guidelines for evaluating the success of the activity or event, such as feedback collection or performance metrics.
References: Provide references to any relevant resources, regulations, or standards that are applicable to the activity or event.
Protocol writing requires clarity, precision, and attention to detail. The document should be concise, well-organized, and easily understandable by the intended audience. It should also be reviewed, revised, and updated as needed to ensure its accuracy and relevance.
Overall, protocol writing aims to establish a standard set of guidelines and procedures to ensure consistency, promote efficiency, and mitigate risks in various activities or events.
Redundant, Duplicate and Repetitive publications are the most important concerns in the scientific research/literature writing. The occurrence of redundancy affects the concepts of science/literature and carries with it sanctions of consequences. To define this issue is much challenging because of the many varieties in which one can slice, reformat, or reproduce material from an already published study. This issue also goes beyond the duplication of a single study because it might possible that the same or similar data can be published in the early, middle, and later stages of an on-going study. This may have a damaging impact on the scientific study/literature base. Similar to slicing a cake, there are so many ways of representing a study or a set of data/information. We can slice a cake into different shapes like squares, triangles, rounds, or layers. Which of these might be the best way to slice a cake? Unfortunately, this may be the wrong question. The point is that the cake that is being referred to, the data/ information set or the study/findings, should not be sliced at all. Instead, the study should be presented as a whole to the readership to ensure the integrity of science/technology because of the impact that may have on patients who will be affected by the information contained in the literature/findings. Redundant, duplicate, or repetitive publications occur when there is representation of two or more studies, data sets, or publications in either electronic or print media. The publications can overlap partially or completely, such that a similar portion, major component(s), or complete representation of a previously/simultaneous ly or future published study is duplicated.
SALAMI SLICING: The slicing of research publication that would form one meaningful paper into several different papers is known as salami publication or salami slicing. Unlike duplicate publication, which involves reporting the exact same data in two or more publications, salami slicing involves breaking up or segmenting a large study into two or more publications. These segments are called slices of a study. As a general rule, as long as the slices of a broken-up study share the same hypotheses, population, and methods, this is not acceptable in general practice. The same slice should never be published more than once at all. According to the United States Office of Research Integrity (USORI), salami slicing can result in a distortion of the literature/findings by leading unsuspecting readers to believe that data presented in each salami slice (journal article) is derived from a different subject sample/source. Somehow this practice not only skews the scientific database but it creates repetition to waste reader's time as well as the time of editors and peer reviewers, who must also handle each paper separately.
Ethics is a system of moral principles and the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group, culture, etc. research is steady progress by which we have gained a better understanding, greater ability of prediction and ever-increasing control over the world.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. There are different types of research which
are classified in various categories including
Applicability, the mode of enquiry in
conducting the study and major objectives of
the study.
3. Pure or fundamental research; no immediate
need:
New theories can be added to the knowledge
cluster,
May solve problems but may not have
practical applications:
Broader scope as compared to applied
research.
4. Tries to solve an immediate specific problem
faced by industry or society;
Obtained solution can be deployed to solve
the problem,
Duration of is shorter as a quick solution is
expected;
Optimized search type problem (e.g.
engineering domain);
Either address the unsolved problem or
improve the existing solution.
5. Used in business analysis or social problems;
Does not have any control over the
parameters or variables;
Just tries to represent or Analyse the previous
and or current facts;
Correlational methods, survey methods, and
comparative studies are used.
6. Uses existing information to explain a complex
phenomenon or to perform a critical evaluation;
Identified hypothesis can be accepted or rejected
depending on the analysis;
From experience the hypothesis can be
redefined;
Observed in historical study, forensic work, food,
in the medical domain etc.;
Summarizes and evaluates the ideas in historical
research for ac cessing both witness and
literature sources to document past events;
Data can be presented to support the data in
comprehensive model.
7. Focuses on exploring the relationship or
association between incidences, variables;
From the collected data, researchers may
come up with number of observations and
analytics.
8. Mainly deals with the quality or the types of
the parameters considered for the research;
Differences in the parameter may occur with
time;
Related to human behaviour;
More complicated and requires more
guidance;
Less emphasis is given on generalization and
more focus is towards individual;
Focus of the work is to find results with
respect to qualitative parameters.
9. Involves measurements of quantities of
characteristics that can be used as features
for the research study;
Assumes that the world is stable and uses
statistical analysis on parameter values for
conclusions:
Statistical quantities that can be measured
are involved.
10. Focuses on the fieldwork and experiments
that can control the in dependent variable;
Can be tested and trained with pre- and
post-experimental research design.
11. Tries to analyse and justify the reason behind
the occurrence of particular phenomenon or
association between the variables; answers
the "Why" type of questions;
Aims to explain why a relationship,
association, or interdependence exist;
A causal research with three important
components like time-to time sequences
which will occur before the effect,
concomitant variations, where the variations
will be systematic between two variables.
12. Explores the areas that have required meagre
attention;
For checking the possibility of research in the
particular domain or area.
A small-scale study is done to decide the
further scope of advancement in domain.
Depending on outcomes of study, domain is
further explored for in depth research on the
specific topic.