This document discusses different types of research methodologies. It begins by defining research and distinguishing between qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research deals with phenomena that are difficult to quantify, such as beliefs and meanings, and aims to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior. Quantitative research refers to systematic empirical investigation using statistical techniques to develop and test hypotheses. The document then covers several specific types of research methodologies, including basic research which expands knowledge versus applied research which seeks practical solutions, experimental research which tests hypotheses, survey research which collects data through surveys, ethnographic research which studies culture through observation, historical research which studies past events, and correlational research which investigates relationships between variables.

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Miss Shazia Sarwar

2. TOPIC: TYPES OF
RESEARCH
Presenters:
ANAM MISBAH
ANILA BASHIR
MUHAMMAD QADEER
MEHWISH ADREES
IQRA MUSHTAQ2/5/2019 2

3. PAKISTAN
INDEPENDENCE DAY
14th august 2018
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4. RESEARCH
It is an inquiry of a problem in a
systematic and scientific way.
It is document report resulting
from research’s critical thinking
about any topic or problem.
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5. TYPES OF RESEARCH
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6. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitative research is research dealing with phenomena that are
difficult or impossible to quantify mathematically, such as beliefs,
meanings, attributes, and symbols.
Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of
human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior.
 The qualitative method the why and how of decision making, not
just what, where, when.
Its based on the phenomenological paradigm.
It uses a variety of interpretive research methodology.
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7. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation
of any phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational
techniques.
The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ
mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to
phenomena.
Quantitative research is generally made using scientific methods.
Its based on logical positive paradigm.
It uses experimental research methodology.
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9. Basic Research
 Basic research is driven by a
scientist’s curiosity or interest in
a scientific question.
 The main motivation is to
expand mans knowledge, not to
create or invent something.
 There is no obvious commercial
value to the discoveries that
result from basic research.
Applied Research
Applied research refers to
scientific study and research that
seeks to solve practical
problems.
Applied research is used to find
solutions to everyday problems,
cure illness, and develop
innovative technologies, rather
than to acquire knowledge for
knowledge's sake.
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11. Action Research Evaluation Research
It is the systematic process of
collecting and analyzing data in
order to make decision.
The purpose of evaluation is to
select an alternative in order to
make a decision.
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 It is application of fact findings
to practical problem solving in a
social situation with a view to
improve quality of action within
it, involving collaboration and
cooperation of researchers,
practitioners and laymen.
 The goal of action research is
the solution of a given problem
not contribution to science.

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13. Survey Research Ethnographic Research
Ethnography is the in-depth
study of naturally occurring
behavior within a culture or
social group.
 It seeks to understand the
relationship between culture and
behavior; with culture referring
to the beliefs, values, and
attitudes of a specific group of
people.
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 It is uses to obtains data to
determines characteristics of a
group.
 Survey Research involves
collecting data to test
hypothesis or to answer
questions about people’s
opinion on some topic or issue.

14. HISTORICAL RESEARCH
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 Historical research involves studying, understanding and explaining
past events.
 The purpose of historical research is to arrive at conclusion
concerning causes, effects or trends of past occurrences that may
help to explain present events and future events.

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16. EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
Experimental research is an
objective, systematic, controlled
investigation for the purpose of
predicting and controlling
phenomena and examining
probability and causality among
selected variables.
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17. CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH
 Correlational research refers to
the systematic investigation or
statistical study of
relationships among two or
more variables without
necessarily determining cause
and effect.
 It Seeks to establish a
relation/association/correlation
between two or more variables
that do not readily lend
themselves to experimental
manipulation.2/5/2019 17

18. CAUSAL-
COMPARATIVE
RESEARCH
In this type of research
investigators attempt to
determine the cause or
consequences of differences that
already exist between or among
groups of individuals.
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19. SOME OTHER TYPES OF
RESEARCH
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 Descriptive Research
 Associational Research
 Meta-Analysis
 Intervention studies
 Theoretical Research
 Analytical Research
 Exploratory Research
 Grounded Theory Research
 Phenomenological Research

20. ANY QUESTION Thank you
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