3. TOPICS
● 1. Nature of Inquiry
● 2. Nature of Research
● 3. Qualitative Research
● 4. Qualitative Research in Areas of Knowledge
● 6. Subject Matter of the Inquiry or Research
● 7.Research Problem & Research Questions
● 8. Review of Related Literature
● 9. The Process of Review of Related Literature
● 11. Standard Styles in Review of Related
Literature
4. MEANING OF RESEARCH
According to Baraceros (2016):
your skills in research reflect
your school
the greatness of an institution
dependent on the knowledge
and students regarding
5. MEANING OF RESEARCH
During the research, one is required to
investigate their topic through questions that
would allow them to interpret, analyze,
synthesize, criticize, appreciate, or create in order
for them to discover the truth about their chosen
topic (Litchman, 2013, as cited in Baraceros,
2016).
6. MEANING OF RESEARCH
Research is similar to inquiry as both
require the researcher to investigate by
asking questions.
Research is more complicated than inquiry
because one has to follow a particular
order of stages when engaging in
research.
7. MEANING OF RESEARCH
Through each stage of the research process, you would obtain
knowledge from not only yourself but from other people as well
(Baraceros, 2016).
Research is similar to inquiry as it also involves cooperative
learning. Your way of gaining new knowledge, applying that
knowledge, and seeing the relationship between ideas and
phenomena is at the center of research.
8. MEANING OF RESEARCH
You have to collect information, study data,
and come up with a solution as with
research, you are put in a context where
the problem exists.
Research is then a process that requires
you to work logically and collaboratively.
10. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1.Accuracy. “It must give correct or accurate data,
which the footnotes notes and bibliographical
honestly and appropriately documented or
2.Objectiveness. “It must deal with facts, not with
mere opinions arising from assumptions,
predictions, on conclusions” (p.11).
3.Timeliness. “It must work on a topic that is fresh,
new, and interesting to the present society”
11. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
4. Relevance. "Its topic must be
instrumental in improving society or in
people's lives in a community” (p.11).
5. Clarity. “It must express its central point
or discoveries using simple, direct, concise,
language” (p.11).
6. Systematic. "It must take place in an
organized or orderly manner” (p.11).
12. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
According to Baraceros (2016)
1. “To learn how to work independently”
2. “To learn how to work scientifically or
3. “To have an in-depth knowledge of
4. “To elevate your mental abilities by letting
higher-order thinking strategies (HOTS) of
inferring, evaluating, synthesizing,
and creating”
13. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
According to Baraceros (2016)
5. “To improve your reading and writing skills” (p.11).
6. “To be familiar with the basic tools of research and the various
techniques of gathering data and of presenting research
findings” (p.11).
7. “To free yourself, to a certain extent, from the domination of
strong influence of a single textbook or the professor's lone
viewpoint or spoon-feeding” (p.11).
15. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. Based on Application of Research Method
If your research deals with principles,
ideas, then it is considered as a pure
increases your knowledge on a certain topic
2016).
However, if you plan to apply your research
issues to make a positive change, then your
called applied research.
16. 2. Based on the Purpose of the Research
2.1 Descriptive Research
For this research, the researcher aims to
description or portrayal of a person,
phenomenon, etc (Baraceros, 2016).
This type of research would likely entail
research as the topic relates itself only
period. With the results of descriptive
researcher would likely develop want to
conduct studies on that certain topic.
17. your objective:
2.2 Correlational Research
research shows the relationship of two
how those two variables are connected
2016).
mainly concerned with showing the
relationship between two variables and
causation.
18. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH
2. Based on the Purpose of the
Research
2.3 Explanatory Research
Explanatory research aims to
explain the reason for the
relationship between two factors
the relationship exists (Baraceros,
19. 2. Based on the Purpose of the Research (based on your objective:
2.4 Exploratory Research
In this type of research, the
to find out the possibility of
study on a specific subject
Through this type of research,
ideas that could lead them to
interested in conducting research.
20. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH
2. Based on the Purpose of the
Research
2.5 Action Research
In action research, the researcher
current practices of an institution in
the systems of that institution
21. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH
3. Based on the data Needed
Depending on the kind of data you need, you would either
qualitative research.
Qualitative research would entail non-numerical data. In this
type of research, you would use words, as opposed to
inquiry, and investigation of the study.
In addition, the data you gather would come from people who
answers. These answers cannot be measured therefore, verbals
express your findings.
22. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH
3. Based on the data Needed
For quantitative research, there is a need to measure
findings are presented in numerical forms.
can be classified as either primary or secondary
Primary data are new information that you obtain
observations of your subject or topic.
If the data you got has already been written and
available for you to access, they are called secondary
23. APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
1st - The scientific or positive approach is where you discover
information and observe variables in an impersonal manner, and this
approach able you to control the variables (Baraceros, 2016).
If you use this approach, you may gather data through structured interviews,
questionnaires, and observational checklists.
This approach is more suitable for quantitative research as the techniques
would entail data that are expressed through numbers.
24. APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
The naturalistic approach uses words to express data as this
approach entails the research to use qualitative data derived from
how individuals interact or behave in their surroundings (Baraceros,
2016).
The data gathered from this approach show the truths about the way
people understand the world.
This approach occurs in a natural setting as individuals see their
world objectively or personally in an unstructured manner.
25. APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
It is also possible to use both approaches which is called the
triangulation approach (Baraceros, 2016).
allowed to gather and analyze data using different methods
combine different approaches, research types, data
gathering, and analysis techniques.
allow you to view your research from different perspectives.
26. TYPES OF RESEARCH APPROACHES
(UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, N.D.)
1. The descriptive study
A descriptive study aims to identify the characteristics
describing it.
gathering of facts must be done by following pre-
demonstrate relationships of interest.
facts must be carefully selected as the topic cannot be
detail.
According to the University of Waterloo (n.d.), “the extent that
a particular problem provides one with a generalized
phenomenon that, in turn, can be employed to understand
this approach is valuable and acceptable” (para. 2).
27. TYPES OF RESEARCH APPROACHES
(UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, N.D.)
2. The explanatory study
There is an attempt to find an answer to a
types of studies are designed to look into
type relationships (University of Waterloo,
The collection of empirical data to form
testing of the hypotheses are included in
28. TYPES OF RESEARCH APPROACHES
(UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, N.D.)
3. The methodological study
involves testing or improving new
The development of different techniques
or the adaptation of techniques in
and applying them to the topic may be
the methodological study.
29. TYPES OF RESEARCH APPROACHES
(UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, N.D.)
4. The historical study
entails a deeper and more holistic
historical process.
This type of study can be used to, for
“the transference of the modern town
from Europe to North America or the
towns in Ontario” (University of Waterloo,
30. SUGGESTED ESSAY FORMAT
(UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, N.D.)
The structure of the essay may depend
on the topic, treatment, and your research
advisor.
31. SUGGESTED ESSAY FORMAT
● Abstract (mandatory)
• Introduction
• statement of the problem
• significance of the problem
• purpose of the study
• assumptions and limitations
• Review of preceding research and literature
• Survey of pertinent information
• methodology and techniques employed
• sources of information, data
• Analysis
• Summary and conclusions
• recommendations for further research
• References
• Appendices, if needed.
