Pengantar metode penelitian kualitatif

1. METODE PENELITIAN
KUALITATIF
Oleh:
Prof. Dr. H. Nur Asnawi, M.Ag.
Dr. Hj. Meldona, SE., MM., Ak., CA.
PROGRAM MAGISTER EKONOMI SYARIAH
PASCASARJANA UIN MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG

2. Level Penelitian S1 – S2 –
S3

3. Introduction to
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research methods are used to
explore individuals' experiences and
perceptions in depth, providing valuable
insights for social sciences and
humanities.
Metode ini melibatkan pertanyaan terbuka,
wawancara, dan pengamatan untuk mengungkap
pemahaman tentang perilaku manusia.
ma

6. QUALITATIVE Research VS QUANTITATIVE
Research
PARADIGMA
KUALITATIF
ASUMSI
 Realitas dibangun secara sosial –
subyektif
 Kompleks dan saling
berhubungan, tidak terfokus pada
pengukuran
TUJUAN PENELITIAN
 Tidak dapat digeneralisasikan
 Memahami situasi yang ada
PENDEKATAN PENELITIAN
 Hasil berupa hipotesa dan teori
 Peneliti sebagai instrument
natural
 Mencari pola-pola
 Mencari kompleksitas
KUANTITATIF
ASUMSI
 Fakta sosial memiliki realitas yang
obyektif
 Variabel dapat diidentifikasi dan
diukur hubungannya
TUJUAN PENELITIAN
 Generalisasi
 Penjelasan tentang sebab akibat
 Prediksi
PENDEKATAN PENELITIAN
 Dimulai dengan teori dan hipotesa
 Menggunakan instrument yang
formal
 Analisis komponen

7. QUALITATIVE Research VS QUANTITATIVE
Research

8. QUALITATIV
E
Research
VS
QUANTITATIV
E
Research

9. QUALITATIV
E
Research
VS
QUANTITATIV
E
Research

10. QUALITATIVE Research VS QUANTITATIVE
Research
KUALITATIF
Menggali informasi secara
mendalam
Mencari makna
Memahami persepsi, motivasi
Discovery (temuan baru)
Eksplorasi
Interpretasi/ pemaknaan
KUANTITATIF
Mengukur tingkat kejadian
Berapa banyak
Tindakan
Pembuktian
Diskripsi berupa angka dan
representatif sampel beserta
penjelasannya

11. QUALITATIVE Research

13. PROSES
PENELITIA
N

14. PENENTUAN TOPIK RISET

33. Types of Qualitative Research Methods
Interviews
Conversational approach to gather in-depth
insights from participants.
Focus Groups
Interactive discussions with a small group to
explore a specific topic.
Observation
Systematic watching and recording of
behaviors in natural settings.
Content Analysis
Analysis of existing documents and media to
understand patterns and trends.

34. Research Design in Qualitative Research
Flexibility
Qualitative research allows
for flexibility in the research
design, enabling researchers
to adapt to emerging insights
and unexpected findings.
Depth of Understanding
The design in qualitative
research focuses on gaining
an in-depth understanding of
the research subject,
capturing nuances and
complexities.
Iterative Process
The iterative nature of
qualitative research design
involves refining methods and
approaches based on
ongoing analysis and
exploration.

35. Types of Qualitative Research
Phenomenology
Focuses on human experiences and
perspectives.
Ethnography
Study of cultures, customs, and social
behaviors.
Grounded Theory
Developing theories based on gathered data.
Case Study
In-depth analysis of a specific case or
situation.

36. Data Collection Techniques
in Qualitative Research
• Observation: Systematic and unobtrusive watching to understand
behaviors and practices.
• Interviews: Open-ended conversations to gather in-depth insights
and perceptions.
• Focus Groups: Group discussions to explore thoughts, feelings,
and experiences.

37. Data analysis in qualitative
research
1 Data Organization
After data collection, the first step is to organize and categorize the qualitative
data for systematic analysis.
2 Thematic Coding
Researchers identify and categorize recurring themes and patterns within the
qualitative data.
3 Pattern Recognition
Patterns and relationships emerge as qualitative data is deeply examined and
interpreted to draw meaningful insights.

38. Validity and Reliability Testing in
Qualitative research
Validity Testing
Validity testing in qualitative research ensures
that the study measures what it intends to
measure. It examines the accuracy and
truthfulness of the research findings.
Reliability Testing
Reliability testing focuses on the consistency
and stability of the research findings. It evaluates
whether the results can be replicated in different
settings.

39. Advantages of Qualitative Research
Methods
Rich Data
Qualitative research provides in-depth
insights and detailed descriptions of
complex phenomena.
Flexibility
It allows for flexibility in data collection and
analysis methods, accommodating
unexpected findings.
Contextual Understanding
Qualitative research captures the context
and nuances of human experiences and
behavior.
Holistic View
It enables a holistic view of the researched
topic, integrating different perspectives and
interpretations.

40. Limitations of Qualitative Research
Methods
Data Collection
Challenges
Data collection may be time-
consuming and resource-
intensive, impacting the
efficiency of qualitative
research.
Subjectivity and Bias
Qualitative research can be
susceptible to researcher bias
and interpretation, affecting the
objectivity of findings.
Limited
Generalizability
Findings derived from
qualitative research may not
always be generalizable to
broader populations or
contexts.

41. Ethical Considerations in Qualitative
Research
When conducting qualitative research, researchers must prioritize informed consent and confidentiality.
It's crucial to ensure the well-being and privacy of the participants. Additionally, researchers should be
transparent about their methods and potential impact on participants.

42. Examples of studies that use
qualitative research methods
Ethnographic Study in
Urban Communities
An ethnographic study
exploring social dynamics and
cultural practices within urban
communities.
Qualitative Analysis of
Refugee Experiences
An in-depth qualitative analysis
of the experiences and
challenges faced by refugees
in various settings.
Case Study of
Healthcare Disparities
A comprehensive case study
examining the disparities in
healthcare access and quality
within specific populations.

43. Qualitative research challenges and
future research
1
Data Collection
Issues with participant recruitment and retention
2
Data Analysis
Complexity in interpreting qualitative data accurately
3
Research Validity
Ensuring credibility, transferability, dependability, and
confirmability
4
Future Trends
Integration of AI and big data in qualitative
analysis
Impact of technology on data collection and
ethical considerations
Qualitative research presents challenges in data collection, analysis, and maintaining research validity.
Future trends involve integrating AI and big data, as well as considering the impact of technology on data
collection and ethical considerations.