Computer programming involves designing, writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining source code to create a program that exhibits desired behaviors. There are three main types of programming errors: syntax errors due to incorrect language usage, logic errors involving flawed program design, and arithmetic errors from inappropriate mathematical operations like division by zero. Testing is the process of executing programs to find errors and ensure requirements are met. It helps improve quality, verify functionality, estimate reliability, and validate exceptional handling. Alpha and beta testing involve simulated or limited real-world use before public release. Black box testing examines external functions without viewing internal structures, while white box testing uses internal knowledge to design test cases. Interface testing verifies connections between components.
Debugging is the process of finding and fixing bugs in a computer program. There are three main types of bugs: syntactic errors due to incorrect code syntax, semantic errors due to logical errors, and algorithmic errors where the overall program design is flawed. Debuggers are software tools used to test programs and locate errors by allowing programmers to trace execution, set breakpoints, and monitor variables. Common debugging techniques include unit testing, print statements, stepping through code, and checking for interface and boundary issues.
This presentation introduces black box testing, which examines software functionality without knowledge of internal structures. Black box testing can find incorrect, missing, or interface errors, as well as errors in data access or behavior. Examples of systems suitable for black box testing include calculators, operating systems, websites, and databases. The presentation discusses techniques for black box testing like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, state transition testing, and error guessing. Advantages are that testing can be done efficiently on large systems by non-technical testers, while disadvantages include difficulty designing test cases without specifications and identifying all possible inputs.
Equivalence class testing is a software testing technique that divides input values into valid and invalid categories called equivalence classes. Representative values are selected from each class as test data. This technique reduces the number of test cases needed while maintaining thorough coverage. An example divides numbers into classes of valid 2-3 digit numbers and invalid single digit numbers to test a program's valid and invalid number handling. There are different types of equivalence class testing that vary in robustness. The technique helps reduce testing time and cases but requires expertise to define classes and may not test all boundary conditions.
Unit testing refers to testing individual units or components of an application to ensure they are working as intended. It is typically performed by developers during coding to validate each part of the program. The goal of unit testing is to isolate units and validate their correctness independently before integration testing. Common techniques for unit testing include equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, and positive/negative testing.
Black box testing involves testing a system without knowledge of its internal workings by examining its behaviors and outputs based on given inputs. The document discusses various black box testing techniques including equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, cause-effect graphing, and syntax-driven testing. It also describes how black box testing is useful for finding incorrect or missing functions, interface errors, and other types of defects.
Black Box Testing, also known as Behavioral Testing it is a method of software testing in which the internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested is not known to the tester. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional. This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance. It typically comprises most if not all higher level testing, but can also embody unit testing
White box testing involves testing the internal structure and code of a software program, allowing testers to see inside the "box". It is used to test for internal security holes, code paths, expected outputs, and functionality of conditional statements. It involves understanding the source code and creating test cases to execute each process individually through manual testing and testing tools. Common techniques include statement, branch, condition coverage, and path testing. White box testing can thoroughly test all code paths but is complex, expensive, time-consuming, and requires professional resources with programming expertise.
The document discusses various types of bugs and errors that can occur in software. It categorizes bugs into functionality errors, communication errors, command structure errors, missing commands, performance errors, output errors, error handling errors, boundary related errors, calculation errors, initial and later state errors, control flow errors, errors interpreting data, race conditions, load conditions, hardware errors, source and version control errors, documentation errors, and testing errors. The document provides examples and descriptions for each type of error to explain the nature of the bug.
Debugging is the process of finding and fixing bugs in a computer program. There are three main types of bugs: syntactic errors due to incorrect code syntax, semantic errors due to logical errors, and algorithmic errors where the overall program design is flawed. Debuggers are software tools used to test programs and locate errors by allowing programmers to trace execution, set breakpoints, and monitor variables. Common debugging techniques include unit testing, print statements, stepping through code, and checking for interface and boundary issues.
This presentation introduces black box testing, which examines software functionality without knowledge of internal structures. Black box testing can find incorrect, missing, or interface errors, as well as errors in data access or behavior. Examples of systems suitable for black box testing include calculators, operating systems, websites, and databases. The presentation discusses techniques for black box testing like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, state transition testing, and error guessing. Advantages are that testing can be done efficiently on large systems by non-technical testers, while disadvantages include difficulty designing test cases without specifications and identifying all possible inputs.
Equivalence class testing is a software testing technique that divides input values into valid and invalid categories called equivalence classes. Representative values are selected from each class as test data. This technique reduces the number of test cases needed while maintaining thorough coverage. An example divides numbers into classes of valid 2-3 digit numbers and invalid single digit numbers to test a program's valid and invalid number handling. There are different types of equivalence class testing that vary in robustness. The technique helps reduce testing time and cases but requires expertise to define classes and may not test all boundary conditions.
Unit testing refers to testing individual units or components of an application to ensure they are working as intended. It is typically performed by developers during coding to validate each part of the program. The goal of unit testing is to isolate units and validate their correctness independently before integration testing. Common techniques for unit testing include equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, and positive/negative testing.
Black box testing involves testing a system without knowledge of its internal workings by examining its behaviors and outputs based on given inputs. The document discusses various black box testing techniques including equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, cause-effect graphing, and syntax-driven testing. It also describes how black box testing is useful for finding incorrect or missing functions, interface errors, and other types of defects.
Black Box Testing, also known as Behavioral Testing it is a method of software testing in which the internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested is not known to the tester. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional. This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance. It typically comprises most if not all higher level testing, but can also embody unit testing
White box testing involves testing the internal structure and code of a software program, allowing testers to see inside the "box". It is used to test for internal security holes, code paths, expected outputs, and functionality of conditional statements. It involves understanding the source code and creating test cases to execute each process individually through manual testing and testing tools. Common techniques include statement, branch, condition coverage, and path testing. White box testing can thoroughly test all code paths but is complex, expensive, time-consuming, and requires professional resources with programming expertise.
The document discusses various types of bugs and errors that can occur in software. It categorizes bugs into functionality errors, communication errors, command structure errors, missing commands, performance errors, output errors, error handling errors, boundary related errors, calculation errors, initial and later state errors, control flow errors, errors interpreting data, race conditions, load conditions, hardware errors, source and version control errors, documentation errors, and testing errors. The document provides examples and descriptions for each type of error to explain the nature of the bug.
In this session you will learn:
Test Case Design and Techniques
Black-box: Three major approaches
Steps for drawing cause-Effect Diagram:
Behavior Testing
Random Testing
White Box Techniques
Path Testing
Statement Coverage
Data Flow Testing
For more information: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/qa-software-testing-training-for-beginners/
Black-box testing examines software functionality without knowledge of internal structures. It aims to find errors in functions, interfaces, data access, behavior, and initialization/termination. Black-box testing can be used at all testing levels and is most useful for larger systems. It has advantages of testing from a user perspective but limitations of only testing a small number of inputs.
Dynamic black-box testing involves testing software without knowledge of its internal code by entering inputs, observing outputs, and checking results. The document discusses techniques for effective dynamic black-box testing including reducing test cases using equivalence partitioning, identifying boundary conditions, using various data values and states to find bugs, and applying repetition and high loads. It also covers using exploratory testing when requirements are not available and the approaches of test-to-pass and test-to-fail.
This slide deck is for all the QA members who want to understand the methodology of test case design. These slides are not theoretical gyan but designed based on experience.
Dynamic black-box testing involves testing software without knowledge of its internal code by entering various inputs and checking the outputs. Key aspects include reducing test cases using equivalence partitioning to group similar inputs and outputs, identifying boundary conditions, using different data values and software states to find bugs, and using exploratory testing without specifications by systematically exploring features. The document contrasts testing-to-pass with simpler cases versus testing-to-fail with more complex cases aimed at breaking the software. Equivalence partitioning is described as a way to methodically reduce the huge number of potential test cases into a smaller yet still effective set by grouping inputs and outputs that will reveal the same bugs.
The document discusses test case design and provides guidance on creating effective test cases. It recommends that test cases have a reasonable chance of catching errors, are not redundant, and are neither too simple nor too complex. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of making program failures obvious. Various techniques are described for selecting the best test cases, including equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. Equivalence classes group test cases that are expected to have the same outcome, and boundary values at the edges of valid inputs are most likely to find failures.
Black Box Testing Techniques by Sampath MForziatech
This document provides an overview of black box testing techniques. It begins with an agenda that outlines topics like quality assurance, testing types (functional vs non-functional), and black box testing. The document then defines black box testing as testing an application's functionality without knowing its internal structure or code. Common black box techniques are described like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, and error guessing. Examples of using these techniques for testing valid and invalid salary, date, and month fields in a talent management application are also provided.
Block-box testing (or functional testing, or behavior testing) focuses on the functional requirements of the software.
Gray box testing is a combination of white and black box testing
The document discusses common software problems, objectives of testing, and different levels of testing. The most common software problems include incorrect calculations, data issues, and incorrect processing. Objectives of testing are to find errors, ensure requirements are met, and check the software is fit for purpose. There are different levels of testing including unit testing of individual functions, integration testing of modules, system testing of the full system, and acceptance testing. White box and black box testing approaches are also described.
Equivalence partinioning and boundary value analysisniharika5412
The document discusses different techniques for designing effective test cases, namely equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. It states that these are considered the best black box testing techniques. Equivalence partitioning involves dividing the input domain into equivalence classes and selecting one representative value from each class. Boundary value analysis focuses on testing values at the boundaries or extremes of the input domain, as errors often occur near these boundaries. Using both techniques together can help ensure an error-free product by comprehensively testing the input space.
Se (techniques for black box testing ppt)Mani Kanth
This document discusses techniques for black box testing software. It defines black box testing as testing software functionality without knowledge of its internal implementation or code structure. The techniques described are equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, state transition testing, graph-based testing, error guessing, and comparison testing. Equivalence partitioning divides inputs into classes based on similar outcomes to reduce test cases. Boundary value analysis focuses on edge cases rather than the full input range. State transition testing checks behavior changes between states with the same inputs. Graph-based testing visualizes the relationships between inputs and outputs. Error guessing leverages the tester's experience to find common mistakes. Comparison testing looks for differences between versions of the same software.
The key for any flawless product or application is the elimination of all malfunctionalities. This PPT will shed light on the key elements under bug reporting wherein the role of a tester and a programmer becomes essential in reporting bugs. To know more on bug reporting techniques, concepts of severity and priority, defect identifier, explicit description, go through this presentation as well as the upcoming ones.
Software Testing Foundations Part 4 - Black Box TestingNikita Knysh
The document discusses various black box testing techniques including:
- Equivalence class partitioning which involves testing representative values from valid and invalid equivalence classes
- Boundary value analysis which checks values at the boundaries of equivalence classes
- State transition testing which designs tests based on a system's state diagram
- Cause-effect graphing and decision tables which identify test cases based on input-output dependencies
- Use case testing which designs tests based on typical user interactions described in use case diagrams
The document provides examples and best practices for applying each technique. Black box testing verifies functionality but cannot detect faults in specifications or undocumented requirements.
Black-box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application based on the specifications.
White box testing is a testing technique, that examines the program structure and derives test data from the program logic/code
This is the presentation describing different techniques used to write test cases for software testing. You can have overview with detailed example for test case techniques. After reading this, You'll able to assume which technique can be more useful to you software testing.
This document discusses three aspects of software evaluation: fit for purpose, use of computational constructs, and robustness. It evaluates whether the software meets client requirements and specifications, makes efficient use of constructs like loops and arrays, and can handle unexpected or incorrect input through testing a wide range of normal, exceptional, and extreme data values.
Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioningSneha Singh
What is Boundary value analysis and Equivalence partitioning?
Border value research and Equivalence dividing, explained with simple example:
Boundary value research and equivalence dividing both are analyze situation style techniques in black box examining.
Black box testing refers to testing software without knowledge of its internal implementation by focusing on inputs and outputs. There are several techniques including boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, state transition testing, and graph-based testing. Black box testing is useful for testing functionality, behavior, and non-functional aspects from the end user's perspective.
This document discusses various black box testing techniques. Black box testing, also known as behavioral testing, involves testing a system without any knowledge of its internal structure or implementation. It involves testing a system based on its specifications and expected outputs for given inputs. The document describes several black box testing techniques including equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, comparison testing, orthogonal array testing, syntax-driven testing, decision table-based testing, and cause-and-effect graphs. These techniques help test a system from an external perspective to uncover errors in functionality, interfaces, behavior, and other issues.
This document provides an overview of software testing and debugging. It discusses the definitions and purposes of testing and debugging. Testing is the process of verifying that a system meets specified requirements, while debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors in source code. The document then covers various topics related to software testing such as the phases of a tester's work, the goals and dichotomies of testing versus debugging, models for testing, consequences of bugs, taxonomies of bugs, and test metrics.
In this session you will learn:
Test Case Design and Techniques
Black-box: Three major approaches
Steps for drawing cause-Effect Diagram:
Behavior Testing
Random Testing
White Box Techniques
Path Testing
Statement Coverage
Data Flow Testing
For more information: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/qa-software-testing-training-for-beginners/
Black-box testing examines software functionality without knowledge of internal structures. It aims to find errors in functions, interfaces, data access, behavior, and initialization/termination. Black-box testing can be used at all testing levels and is most useful for larger systems. It has advantages of testing from a user perspective but limitations of only testing a small number of inputs.
Dynamic black-box testing involves testing software without knowledge of its internal code by entering inputs, observing outputs, and checking results. The document discusses techniques for effective dynamic black-box testing including reducing test cases using equivalence partitioning, identifying boundary conditions, using various data values and states to find bugs, and applying repetition and high loads. It also covers using exploratory testing when requirements are not available and the approaches of test-to-pass and test-to-fail.
This slide deck is for all the QA members who want to understand the methodology of test case design. These slides are not theoretical gyan but designed based on experience.
Dynamic black-box testing involves testing software without knowledge of its internal code by entering various inputs and checking the outputs. Key aspects include reducing test cases using equivalence partitioning to group similar inputs and outputs, identifying boundary conditions, using different data values and software states to find bugs, and using exploratory testing without specifications by systematically exploring features. The document contrasts testing-to-pass with simpler cases versus testing-to-fail with more complex cases aimed at breaking the software. Equivalence partitioning is described as a way to methodically reduce the huge number of potential test cases into a smaller yet still effective set by grouping inputs and outputs that will reveal the same bugs.
The document discusses test case design and provides guidance on creating effective test cases. It recommends that test cases have a reasonable chance of catching errors, are not redundant, and are neither too simple nor too complex. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of making program failures obvious. Various techniques are described for selecting the best test cases, including equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. Equivalence classes group test cases that are expected to have the same outcome, and boundary values at the edges of valid inputs are most likely to find failures.
Black Box Testing Techniques by Sampath MForziatech
This document provides an overview of black box testing techniques. It begins with an agenda that outlines topics like quality assurance, testing types (functional vs non-functional), and black box testing. The document then defines black box testing as testing an application's functionality without knowing its internal structure or code. Common black box techniques are described like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, and error guessing. Examples of using these techniques for testing valid and invalid salary, date, and month fields in a talent management application are also provided.
Block-box testing (or functional testing, or behavior testing) focuses on the functional requirements of the software.
Gray box testing is a combination of white and black box testing
The document discusses common software problems, objectives of testing, and different levels of testing. The most common software problems include incorrect calculations, data issues, and incorrect processing. Objectives of testing are to find errors, ensure requirements are met, and check the software is fit for purpose. There are different levels of testing including unit testing of individual functions, integration testing of modules, system testing of the full system, and acceptance testing. White box and black box testing approaches are also described.
Equivalence partinioning and boundary value analysisniharika5412
The document discusses different techniques for designing effective test cases, namely equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. It states that these are considered the best black box testing techniques. Equivalence partitioning involves dividing the input domain into equivalence classes and selecting one representative value from each class. Boundary value analysis focuses on testing values at the boundaries or extremes of the input domain, as errors often occur near these boundaries. Using both techniques together can help ensure an error-free product by comprehensively testing the input space.
Se (techniques for black box testing ppt)Mani Kanth
This document discusses techniques for black box testing software. It defines black box testing as testing software functionality without knowledge of its internal implementation or code structure. The techniques described are equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, state transition testing, graph-based testing, error guessing, and comparison testing. Equivalence partitioning divides inputs into classes based on similar outcomes to reduce test cases. Boundary value analysis focuses on edge cases rather than the full input range. State transition testing checks behavior changes between states with the same inputs. Graph-based testing visualizes the relationships between inputs and outputs. Error guessing leverages the tester's experience to find common mistakes. Comparison testing looks for differences between versions of the same software.
The key for any flawless product or application is the elimination of all malfunctionalities. This PPT will shed light on the key elements under bug reporting wherein the role of a tester and a programmer becomes essential in reporting bugs. To know more on bug reporting techniques, concepts of severity and priority, defect identifier, explicit description, go through this presentation as well as the upcoming ones.
Software Testing Foundations Part 4 - Black Box TestingNikita Knysh
The document discusses various black box testing techniques including:
- Equivalence class partitioning which involves testing representative values from valid and invalid equivalence classes
- Boundary value analysis which checks values at the boundaries of equivalence classes
- State transition testing which designs tests based on a system's state diagram
- Cause-effect graphing and decision tables which identify test cases based on input-output dependencies
- Use case testing which designs tests based on typical user interactions described in use case diagrams
The document provides examples and best practices for applying each technique. Black box testing verifies functionality but cannot detect faults in specifications or undocumented requirements.
Black-box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application based on the specifications.
White box testing is a testing technique, that examines the program structure and derives test data from the program logic/code
This is the presentation describing different techniques used to write test cases for software testing. You can have overview with detailed example for test case techniques. After reading this, You'll able to assume which technique can be more useful to you software testing.
This document discusses three aspects of software evaluation: fit for purpose, use of computational constructs, and robustness. It evaluates whether the software meets client requirements and specifications, makes efficient use of constructs like loops and arrays, and can handle unexpected or incorrect input through testing a wide range of normal, exceptional, and extreme data values.
Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioningSneha Singh
What is Boundary value analysis and Equivalence partitioning?
Border value research and Equivalence dividing, explained with simple example:
Boundary value research and equivalence dividing both are analyze situation style techniques in black box examining.
Black box testing refers to testing software without knowledge of its internal implementation by focusing on inputs and outputs. There are several techniques including boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, state transition testing, and graph-based testing. Black box testing is useful for testing functionality, behavior, and non-functional aspects from the end user's perspective.
This document discusses various black box testing techniques. Black box testing, also known as behavioral testing, involves testing a system without any knowledge of its internal structure or implementation. It involves testing a system based on its specifications and expected outputs for given inputs. The document describes several black box testing techniques including equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, comparison testing, orthogonal array testing, syntax-driven testing, decision table-based testing, and cause-and-effect graphs. These techniques help test a system from an external perspective to uncover errors in functionality, interfaces, behavior, and other issues.
This document provides an overview of software testing and debugging. It discusses the definitions and purposes of testing and debugging. Testing is the process of verifying that a system meets specified requirements, while debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors in source code. The document then covers various topics related to software testing such as the phases of a tester's work, the goals and dichotomies of testing versus debugging, models for testing, consequences of bugs, taxonomies of bugs, and test metrics.
* What is a Software?
* What is Software Testing?
* Software Testing History
* The principles of Software Testing
* Who is a Software Tester?
* The requirements of being Software Tester
* The principles of testing
* What Do Software Testers Do?
* The difference between Software Developers and Software Testers
* A Software Tester Responsibilities
* The relation of Testing and Quality Assurance
* Why is a Software Defect Called a Bug?
* Why does Software have Defects?
* Automated Testing
* Manual Testing
Static and dynamic program analysis are techniques to analyze software without or with execution. Static analysis examines source code while dynamic analyzes programs running. Tools can automatically find defects by capturing patterns and anomalies. Defects include bugs, dead code, inefficient code, duplicate code. Analysis occurs at the unit, technology, system, and business levels. Java quality tools help with metrics, testing, coverage, and detecting issues like empty structures and wasteful practices. This aids writing standards-compliant code.
Various types of software testing by kostcare | London | WaterlooKostCare
Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the software product or service under test. Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and best practices. It defines key terms like errors, defects, and failures. It describes different testing approaches like black box and white box testing. It also outlines different testing levels from unit to system testing. The document emphasizes that testing aims to find defects, but it's impossible to test all possibilities. It stresses the importance of test planning, test cases, defect reports, and regression testing with new versions.
Software testing involves verifying that a software program performs as intended. There are different types of testing including black box, white box, unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing. The goal is to detect bugs and ensure the software functions properly before it is released to end users.
The document discusses various concepts related to software errors, faults, failures, and testing. It defines that an error is made during development, a fault is the manifestation of an error in the code, and a failure occurs when the fault is triggered. Testing involves exercising the software with test cases to find failures or demonstrate correct execution. There are two main approaches to identifying test cases - functional testing based on specifications and structural testing based on code. Both approaches are needed to fully test the software.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts. It discusses testing as an engineering activity and process. It introduces the Testing Maturity Model which describes stages of test process improvement. Basic definitions are provided for terms like error, fault, failure, test case, test oracle. Software testing principles and the tester's role are described. The origins and costs of defects are discussed. Defect classes are classified into requirements, design, code, and testing defects. The concept of a defect repository to catalog defect data is introduced. Examples of coin problem defects are given to illustrate defect classification.
Testing is the process of validating and verifying software to ensure it meets specifications and functions as intended. There are different levels of testing including unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing. An important part of testing is having a test plan that outlines the test strategy, cases, and process to be followed. Testing helps find defects so the product can be improved.
Unit testing is a method where developers write code to test individual units or components of an application to determine if they are working as intended. The document discusses various aspects of unit testing including:
- What unit testing is and why it is important for finding defects early in development.
- Common unit testing techniques like statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage which aim to test all possible paths through the code.
- How unit testing fits into the software development lifecycle and is typically done by developers before handing code over for formal testing.
- Popular unit testing frameworks for different programming languages like JUnit for Java and NUnit for .NET.
The document provides examples to illustrate white box testing techniques
black-box testing is a type of software testing in which the tester is not co...KrishnaVeni451953
black-box testing is a type of software testing in which the tester is not concerned with the internal knowledge or implementation details of the software but rather focuses on validating the functionality based on the provided specifications or requirements.
White box testing involves testing internal program structure and code. It includes static testing like code reviews and structural testing like unit testing. Static testing checks code against requirements without executing. Structural testing executes code to test paths and conditions. Code coverage metrics like statement coverage measure what code is executed by tests. Code complexity metrics like cyclomatic complexity quantify complexity to determine necessary test cases. White box testing finds defects from incorrect code but may miss realistic errors and developers can overlook own code issues.
The document discusses various software testing strategies and techniques including unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, and smoke testing. It also covers test team roles, documenting test cases, debugging approaches, and when testing is considered complete. The main goals of testing are to find defects, validate that requirements have been met, and ensure proper functionality and performance. A variety of testing tools and strategies can be used including simulators, monitors, analyzers, and test data generators.
The document discusses software testing concepts including:
1. It defines key terms related to software defects such as errors, defects, failures, and faults.
2. It outlines the different phases of software testing from component/unit testing to acceptance testing and discusses principles of good testability.
3. It provides guidance on writing test plans and cases, including reviewing requirements, identifying test suites, and transforming use cases into test cases.
This document provides an introduction to software testing. It discusses that software testing is the process of evaluating software to discover errors and ensure it meets requirements. Testing is important because all software has defects, it is written by humans who make mistakes, and testing aims to eliminate faults early and ensure quality. The document then discusses software requirements for installation like necessary frameworks, internet connection, operating system compatibility, and hardware compatibility. It also covers different types of testing like functional and non-functional testing, writing test cases, executing tests, and verifying results. Benefits of testing include identifying defects and increasing confidence software meets specifications, though testing cannot guarantee software is completely error-free.
This document provides an introduction to software testing. It discusses that software testing is the process of evaluating software to discover errors and ensure it meets requirements. Testing is important because all software has defects, it is written by humans who make mistakes, and testing aims to eliminate faults early and ensure quality. The document then discusses software requirements for installation like necessary frameworks, internet connection, operating system compatibility, and hardware compatibility. It also covers different types of testing like functional and non-functional testing, writing test cases, executing tests, and verifying results. Benefits of testing include identifying defects and increasing confidence that software meets specifications, though testing cannot guarantee software is completely error-free.
1. Test Driven Development (TDD) is an agile software development process that involves writing unit tests before developing code. It follows a cycle of writing a failing test, implementing code to pass the test, and refactoring code.
2. TDD can result in lower defect rates and improved code quality through refactoring, though empirical evidence is limited. Common mistakes include forgetting to run tests frequently or writing tests that are too broad.
3. Unit tests should be easy to write and read, reliable, fast, and test individual units of code rather than integrated systems to avoid external dependencies slowing down tests.
Similar to Types of program testings and errors (20)
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
2. • Computer programming is the process of
designing, writing, testing, debugging/
troubleshooting, and maintaining the
source code of computer programs.
• The purpose of programming is to create a
program that exhibits a certain desired
behaviour (customisation).
3.
4. • Testing is the process of executing
a program or system with the intent
of finding errors.
• There are 3 types of programming
errors:
Syntax
Logic
Arithmetic
5. These are errors in the use of the
language.
It is not difficult to spot as when the
message will be translated, it will tell the
programmer which word cannot be
recognised.
6. A logic error is a mistake in the way the
program solution has been designed.
It is difficult to spot the message, as such
a mistake does not usually make the
program stop working, it just makes it
produce wrong results.
7. This is a type of logic error. Arithmetic
errors are created when inappropriate
arithmetic is used.
A good example is when a computer is
asked to divide by 0, this is impossible and
would cause the program to fail.
8. • DEFINITION
Testing is
evaluating the
capability of a
program.
• PURPOSE
To determine
that the
program meets
its required
results.
9. • For Quality
bugs kill– in a computerized embedded
world
Defect detection (find problems and get
them fixed)
To make quality visible.
10. For Verification & Validation:
show it works:– clean test/positive test
or it can handle exceptional situations:
dirty test/negative test
• For Reliability Estimation
E.g. reliability growth testing
11.
12. Alpha testing is simulated by potential
users.
It is often employed for off-the-shelf
software as a form of internal acceptance
testing, before the software goes to beta
testing.
13. • Beta testing follows alpha testing.
• It is release to a limited audience outside
of the programming team for further testing
to ensure the product has few faults or
bugs.
14. A black box is a device, system or object
which can be viewed solely in terms of its
input, output and transfer characteristics.
Example: a transistor.
15. • It is the opposite of a black box.
• It is a system where the inner components
or logic are available for inspection, which
is sometimes known as a white box, a
glass box, or a clear box.
16. •It involves having knowledge of internal
data structures and algorithms for purposes
of designing the test cases.
17. It is any type of software testing that seeks
to verify the interfaces between
components against a software design.
It works to expose defects in the interfaces
and interaction between integrated
components (modules).
18. .
•Wikipedia
• Introduction to Information Technology
Second Edition
•[PERRY95] Effective Methods for
Software Testing, William
Perry, 1995 QA76.76.T48P47X
•The Complete Guide To Software
Testing.
Editor's Notes
Transparent 3-D steps with labels(Advanced)To reproduce the bottom rectangle with text effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in theSlides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles, click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle.Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the Shape Height box, enter 1.5”.In the Shape Width box, enter 3”.On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then do the following in the right pane:Select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the right pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Rotation in the left pane. In the right pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Parallelclick Off Axis 2 Top (third row, second option from the left). Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the right pane:Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 7 pt, and in the Height box,enter7 pt. Under Depth, click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Depth box, enter 40 pt. Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Translucent click Clear (third option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Special click Two Point (second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 70°.On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select TW Cen MT Condensedfrom the Font list and then select 36 from the Font Size list.On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Right to align the text right on the slide.Drag the text box and position it over the rectangle.Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow next toText Fill, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).Select the text box. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, click Text Effects point to 3-D Rotation, and then click 3-D Rotation Options. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, click 3-D Rotation in the left pane. In the right pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Parallel click Off Axis 2 Left (second row, fourth option from the left). To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then clickLinear Diagonal (first row, third option from the left).In the Angle box, enter 135%. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colorsclick White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colorsclick White, Background 1, Darker 15% (third row, first option from the left).On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles, click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.In the Shape Width box, enter 10”.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow next toShape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 15% (third row, first option from the left).On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow next toShape Outline, and then click No Outline.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left).On the slide, drag to draw a triangle. Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the Shape Height box, enter 1.33”.In the Shape Width box, enter 10”.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow next toShape Fill, and then click White, Background 1, Darker 15% (third row, first option from the left).On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow next toShape Outline, and then click No Outline. Position the rectangle and the triangle so that the bottom edge of the triangle and the top edge of the rectangle are touching. Press and hold SHIFT and select both the rectangle and the triangle.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then do the following:Under Group Objects,click Group.Point to Align, and then click Align Center.Point to Align, and then click Align Bottom.On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Arrange group, click the arrow next to Rotate, and then click More Rotation Options.In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box, enter 180°.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Center.Click Align Top.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow next toShape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). To reproduce the other rectangles with text effects on this slide, do the following:Press and hold SHIFT and select the originaltext box and rectangle.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then under Group Objects click Group.On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this step until you have a total of five groups of shapes.On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select each of the groups and drag on the slide to form a series of steps. Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, press and hold CTRL and select all five groups of rectangles and text boxes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Distribute Horizontally.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Distribute Vertically. To change the text on the duplicate rectangles, click in each text box and edit the text.