Types of drama
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This document outlines different types of drama, including tragedy, comedy, and modern problem plays. Tragedy is divided into categories like revenge tragedy and historical tragedy. Comedy includes subgenres such as pure comedy, tragi-comedy, comedy of humours focusing on personality types, and comedy of manners depicting social behavior.
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types of drama
This document defines and provides examples of different types of drama, including tragedy, satyr plays, melodrama, and comedy. It notes that tragedy exposes human suffering and comes from the Greek word for "goat song." Examples of different kinds of tragedy given are traditional tragedy like Romeo and Juliet, modern tragedy like A Streetcar Named Desire, domestic tragedy like A Doll's House, tragicomedy like Waiting for Godot, and revenge tragedy like Hamlet. Satyr plays made fun of tragedy characters. Melodrama emphasizes action and effects. Comedy intends to make audiences laugh, and examples of types of comedy discussed include romantic comedy, comedy of humors, satirical comedy, comedy of manners,
Forms of Drama
This document summarizes different forms of drama including tragedy, traditional tragedy, modern tragedy, tragicomedy, melodrama, and musicals. Tragedies focus on human suffering and downfall, with traditional tragedies featuring extraordinary heroes facing tragic circumstances. Modern tragedies symbolize important societal issues. Tragicomedies have both tragic and comic elements with a happy ending. Melodramas exaggerate emotions to appeal to audiences. Musicals combine songs, dialogue, dance and more to communicate their story. Examples of each form are also provided.
Elements of Drama
Drama has two aspects - as a literary composition and as a performance on stage. It presents a story entirely through dialogue and action. The key elements of drama include setting, characters, plot, theme and style. Settings identify the time and place of events. Characters have physical, social, psychological and moral aspects. Plots involve a beginning, middle and ending, with events structured as either natural or episodic sequences. Themes convey the central idea, while style refers to the mode of presentation. Common genres include tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce and melodrama.
Origin and development of drama renaissance to modern
Drama originated and flourished in England during the 16th-17th centuries under playwrights like Shakespeare who wrote in verse. Historical plays during this period enhanced the image of English monarchy. Authors also drew from Greek/Roman mythology and plays. In the 19th century, Ibsen's works revolutionized drama with realism while Brecht's in the 20th century incorporated formal experimentation and social critique, influencing many modern playwrights. Other important modern playwrights included Chekhov, O'Neill, Pirandello, Beckett, and Pinter.
The types of drama
Plays are classified as either tragedies or comedies based on their ending. Comedies end happily while tragedies end unhappily. Tragedies arouse pity and fear in audiences as they witness a noble character's downfall due to a tragic flaw, helping to purge these emotions. Comedies involve lovers who overcome obstacles and unite by the end through various comic devices and subgenres like romantic comedy, farce, or comedy of manners.
Definition, elements, uses, kinds, example of novel analysis
This document provides definitions and explanations of key literary elements and concepts found in novels:
- A novel is a fictional narrative told through prose that deals with human experiences through connected events involving characters. It is usually of considerable length.
- Characterization can be direct, through what is said about characters, or indirect, through a character's actions, thoughts, speech and interactions. Characters can be static or dynamic.
- Setting includes details about the place, time period, atmosphere, and social climate of the story.
- Plot refers to the sequence of interrelated events that make up the narrative. Point of view is the perspective from which the story is told, such as first person, third person omniscient,
Shakespearean Tragedy
Shakespearean tragedies have several defining characteristics according to the document. They revolve around a tragic hero who is a prominent figure that makes an error or flaw that ultimately leads to their downfall, often through a struggle between good and evil. Examples of tragic heroes in Shakespeare include Macbeth and Hamlet. Supernatural elements are also often used to advance the plot. While tragic, Shakespearean tragedies also include some comic elements to relieve tension for the audience. The tragedies aim to produce catharsis by eliciting emotions of pity and fear from audiences regarding the characters.
Prose
The document discusses various types and genres of prose writing. It defines the essay as a short literary composition dealing with a single subject from a personal perspective. It then outlines different types of essays including reflective, narrative, descriptive, biographical, nature, critical, periodical, and didactic essays. The document also discusses fiction genres like prose allegory, romances, satires, novels, short stories, and novelettes. Additionally, it covers prose drama genres and subdivisions like comedy, tragedy, melodrama, farce, and special types. Finally, it defines and provides examples of non-fiction prose types such as biography, autobiography, letters, diaries, journals, book reviews, literary criticism, and
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types of drama
This document defines and provides examples of different types of drama, including tragedy, satyr plays, melodrama, and comedy. It notes that tragedy exposes human suffering and comes from the Greek word for "goat song." Examples of different kinds of tragedy given are traditional tragedy like Romeo and Juliet, modern tragedy like A Streetcar Named Desire, domestic tragedy like A Doll's House, tragicomedy like Waiting for Godot, and revenge tragedy like Hamlet. Satyr plays made fun of tragedy characters. Melodrama emphasizes action and effects. Comedy intends to make audiences laugh, and examples of types of comedy discussed include romantic comedy, comedy of humors, satirical comedy, comedy of manners,
Forms of Drama
This document summarizes different forms of drama including tragedy, traditional tragedy, modern tragedy, tragicomedy, melodrama, and musicals. Tragedies focus on human suffering and downfall, with traditional tragedies featuring extraordinary heroes facing tragic circumstances. Modern tragedies symbolize important societal issues. Tragicomedies have both tragic and comic elements with a happy ending. Melodramas exaggerate emotions to appeal to audiences. Musicals combine songs, dialogue, dance and more to communicate their story. Examples of each form are also provided.
Elements of Drama
Drama has two aspects - as a literary composition and as a performance on stage. It presents a story entirely through dialogue and action. The key elements of drama include setting, characters, plot, theme and style. Settings identify the time and place of events. Characters have physical, social, psychological and moral aspects. Plots involve a beginning, middle and ending, with events structured as either natural or episodic sequences. Themes convey the central idea, while style refers to the mode of presentation. Common genres include tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce and melodrama.
Origin and development of drama renaissance to modern
Drama originated and flourished in England during the 16th-17th centuries under playwrights like Shakespeare who wrote in verse. Historical plays during this period enhanced the image of English monarchy. Authors also drew from Greek/Roman mythology and plays. In the 19th century, Ibsen's works revolutionized drama with realism while Brecht's in the 20th century incorporated formal experimentation and social critique, influencing many modern playwrights. Other important modern playwrights included Chekhov, O'Neill, Pirandello, Beckett, and Pinter.
The types of drama
Plays are classified as either tragedies or comedies based on their ending. Comedies end happily while tragedies end unhappily. Tragedies arouse pity and fear in audiences as they witness a noble character's downfall due to a tragic flaw, helping to purge these emotions. Comedies involve lovers who overcome obstacles and unite by the end through various comic devices and subgenres like romantic comedy, farce, or comedy of manners.
Definition, elements, uses, kinds, example of novel analysis
This document provides definitions and explanations of key literary elements and concepts found in novels:
- A novel is a fictional narrative told through prose that deals with human experiences through connected events involving characters. It is usually of considerable length.
- Characterization can be direct, through what is said about characters, or indirect, through a character's actions, thoughts, speech and interactions. Characters can be static or dynamic.
- Setting includes details about the place, time period, atmosphere, and social climate of the story.
- Plot refers to the sequence of interrelated events that make up the narrative. Point of view is the perspective from which the story is told, such as first person, third person omniscient,
Shakespearean Tragedy
Shakespearean tragedies have several defining characteristics according to the document. They revolve around a tragic hero who is a prominent figure that makes an error or flaw that ultimately leads to their downfall, often through a struggle between good and evil. Examples of tragic heroes in Shakespeare include Macbeth and Hamlet. Supernatural elements are also often used to advance the plot. While tragic, Shakespearean tragedies also include some comic elements to relieve tension for the audience. The tragedies aim to produce catharsis by eliciting emotions of pity and fear from audiences regarding the characters.
Prose
The document discusses various types and genres of prose writing. It defines the essay as a short literary composition dealing with a single subject from a personal perspective. It then outlines different types of essays including reflective, narrative, descriptive, biographical, nature, critical, periodical, and didactic essays. The document also discusses fiction genres like prose allegory, romances, satires, novels, short stories, and novelettes. Additionally, it covers prose drama genres and subdivisions like comedy, tragedy, melodrama, farce, and special types. Finally, it defines and provides examples of non-fiction prose types such as biography, autobiography, letters, diaries, journals, book reviews, literary criticism, and
Shakespeare, Tragedy and Comedy.pptx
This document discusses the structures and characteristics of tragedy and comedy in Shakespeare's plays Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Twelfth Night, and The Merchant of Venice. It outlines the typical plot structure of a tragedy, with rising action leading to a climax and then catastrophe. It also describes the tragic hero and how Shakespeare uses techniques like soliloquies to develop complex characters. For each play, it summarizes the key plot points and how they illustrate tragic or comic elements.
Literary genres
The document defines and describes various literary genres including drama, fable, fairy tale, fantasy, fiction, folklore, horror, satire, legend, mystery, mythology, poetry, biography, nonfiction, and speech. It provides characteristics for each genre such as drama involving dialogue and action, fables using animals to teach moral lessons, and fairy tales featuring fantasy elements like magic.
Drama and its kinds
Drama is a mode of fictional representation through dialogue and performance that imitates actions. It includes plays written for theaters, television, radio, and films.
The main types of drama are tragedy, comedy, romantic comedy, melodrama, farce, tragic comedy, and musical drama. Tragedy evokes pity and fear, comedy resolves problems satisfactorily, romantic comedy features love stories overcoming obstacles, and melodrama and farce feature exaggerated situations. Other types include classical tragic-comedy, comic-tragedy, satire, vaudeville, mime, and propaganda plays.
Comedy
The document defines and describes several types of comedy in literature and drama. It begins by defining comedy as a genre that is amusing and satirical, with a cheerful or happy ending. It then divides comedy into two categories: low comedy, which uses slapstick, drunkenness or buffoonery to create laughter; and high comedy, which relies on wit, satire or criticism of life. The document goes on to define romantic comedy, comedy of humors, comedy of manners, sentimental comedy, and tragicomedy - providing 1-2 sentences on each genre's focus or characteristics.
Gothic literature
The document provides an overview of Gothic literature, including when it became popular in the late 18th century, its key characteristics, and some famous Gothic writers. It began as a literary genre influenced by Gothic architecture and spread from Germany to England. Common Gothic elements include settings in castles or old mansions, the supernatural or paranormal, themes of religion and spirituality, and an atmosphere of gloom and terror designed to evoke a sense of uncertainty in readers. Some notable Gothic writers mentioned are Ann Radcliffe, Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters, Edgar Allan Poe, and Stephen King. The assignment at the end asks students to work in groups creating and sharing their own short Gothic stories.
The types of drama
Tragedies typically end unhappily and involve a noble protagonist with a tragic flaw that causes their downfall, while comedies end happily. Tragedies arouse pity and fear in audiences to purge these emotions, and types include classical and domestic stories. Comedies include romantic tales involving lovers, broad farces with physical humor, subtle comedies of manners, sentimental works mixing humor and emotion, and melodramas with villains but comic relief and happy endings. Both genres involve dramatic conflict between characters.
The canterbury tales in short
The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer is an incomplete collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral. It begins with a general prologue where Chaucer introduces the pilgrims, providing vivid portraits of each character to represent different segments of medieval English society. Through these descriptions, Chaucer satirizes human vice and folly, particularly hypocrisy within the clergy. The frame story has the pilgrims agree to tell stories during their journey to entertain each other, with the best storyteller receiving a prize.
Literature and its types
This document defines and describes different types of literature. It discusses that literature includes prose and poetry. Prose uses paragraphs to express ideas and feelings, while poetry uses lines and stanzas. Some common types of prose are essays, novels, short stories, biographies, diaries, and journals. Poetry is divided into lyric poetry which expresses personal feelings, and narrative poetry which tells a story through characters and events. Examples are provided for many of the literature types.
Introduction to Drama
Drama is a literary composition involving conflict, action, and dialogue meant to be performed on stage before an audience. It can be defined as a "criticism of life" presented through characters and their interactions. There are different types of drama including tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, and melodrama. The key elements of drama are plot, character, setting, theme, style, symbolism, and use of techniques like irony, monologue, soliloquy, and aside. These elements and techniques are used to convey meaning, develop characters, and advance the story through action and dialogue on stage.
Introduction to English literature
What is literature ?
Literature is a term use to describe written or spoken material. The term is most commonly used to refer to words of the creative imagination including works of poetry, drama, fiction and non-fiction. Literature is the art of written works. It is the body of written works of a language period or culture. Literature is published in written works in a particular style or particular subject. Literature is the mirror of life. Our life and all the subject are related to our life is the subject matter or element of literature. So we can get the touch of our life trough literature.Etymologically, literature has to do with letters,the written as opposed to the spoken word, though not everything that is written down is literature.
What is the function of literature ?
As based conception, Aristoteles in “poetic’ that the function of literature is called “catharsis the primary functions of literature are to delight the reader, and heighten his awareness of life. The subsidiary functions are ‘propaganda’, ‘release’ and ‘escape’; but they are subordinated to the primary creative functions of literature.Propaganda literature’ must be distinguished from mere propaganda in which there is nothing creative. The writer of mere propaganda is simply concerned to popularize facts, ideas, and emotions with which he is familiar. But propaganda that is literature is a creative influence irradiating and transforming the writer’s experience.‘Release literature’ is that in which the dominant motive of the writer is simply the assuagement of starved needs, the release of pent-up forces in the personality. Romances, detective stories, thrillers, poems etc.
Literature also provides ‘escape’ from the grim realities of life, and many people read to escape boredom. The higher type of literature helps the reader to escape from trivial reality into significant reality.
Element of Narrative
Conceptual elements ( surface facts )
Actions – events and the sequence ( plot )
Character ‘ agent of motivation
setting – point of reference
Mode of narration ( expressive devices )
Point of view - focus of the narrator knowledge and values
Style - focus of the author’s atittudes and values
Elements of Comedy
Comedy originated in ancient Greece, where comic poets at theaters would use political satire to influence voters in the Athenian democracy. According to Aristotle, comedy imitates men as being worse than average and deals with imperfections and defects in a way that provokes laughter rather than pain. Plato believed that comedy undermines rational self-control and should be tightly controlled, while Aristotle saw it as an inferior genre but one that can provide catharsis through laughter like tragedy provides through pity and fear. The document discusses definitions of comedy, its origins and differences from tragedy, as well as types of comedy and perspectives from Plato and Aristotle.
Types of drama
This document discusses different types of modern drama, including tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, melodrama, realistic drama, and theater of the absurd. Tragedies focus on serious human actions and their consequences, while comedies end in prosperity rather than calamity. Tragicomedies mix elements of both genres. Melodramas feature stereotypical heroes and villains. Realistic dramas depict everyday middle-class life to create an illusion of authenticity for audiences. Theater of the absurd uses irrational or absurd elements to invite audiences to question the human condition.
Teaching of literature_Drama
This presentation is a simple introduction to drama. Dealing with its types, forms and forms elements.
Ben jonson`s chief plays
Ben Jonson was an influential English playwright, poet, and actor. Some of his most famous plays include Volpone, The Alchemist, and Epicoene or The Silent Woman. Volpone, set in Venice, is about a rich man who pretends to be dying in order to inherit money from others. The Alchemist is considered Jonson's best comedy, depicting human folly. Epicoene was originally performed in 1609 but was unsuccessful, though it gained popularity after the English Restoration.
definition of tragedy
This document defines tragedy according to Aristotle and Oxford, and provides examples of tragedies. It discusses Aristotle's definition of a tragedy as an action that arouses pity and fear accomplishing a catharsis through language. Examples given are Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet about star-crossed lovers, and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman about a man searching for the American Dream and his late efforts to save himself.
Types of novel
This document summarizes and defines several types of novels:
- Historical novels use history as inspiration but range in quality from superficial to works that transform facts into emotional experiences. Subgenres include mock historical novels.
- Picaresque novels follow roguish protagonists through loosely connected adventures. Modern examples struggle to capture the spirit of the original form.
- Sentimental novels evolved from refined emotion to superficial tear-jerking. Serious writers generally avoid stock emotions and devices.
- Gothic novels feature horror, mystery, and the supernatural. They ask to be enjoyed as entertainment rather than for catharsis.
- Psychological novels analyze characters' motives rather than focusing on actions or consequences. Insight comes
Elements of drama
The document discusses the elements of drama in both its literary and theatrical forms. It defines drama as a story told through dialogue and action, intended for performance before an audience. The key elements of drama literature discussed are setting, characters, plot, theme, and style. Setting identifies the time, place, and historical period of the story. Characters are the most important material in a drama. Plot lays out the series of events. Theme is the unifying idea. Style refers to the author's mode of expression. The elements of drama in theatre discussed are scenery, costumes, props, lights, and sounds, which are used to communicate the surroundings, characters, and mood of the performance to the audience.
Types of drama
There are six main types of drama: comedy, tragedy, melodrama, farce, fantasy, and opera. Each type has a distinct purpose and characteristics. Comedies are lighthearted and aim to entertain audiences through humor, while tragedies deal with serious issues and themes and typically have unhappy endings. Melodramas emphasize good vs evil and feature exaggerated characters and plots. The goal of farces is purely entertainment through ridiculous situations, while fantasies involve imaginary elements like magic. Opera combines drama, music, and singing.
Dramatic devices & techniques
The document discusses several dramatic devices used in plays:
1. An aside allows a character to address the audience directly while remaining unheard by other characters on stage. It differs from a monologue or soliloquy.
2. A play within a play involves a play being performed by characters within the larger play, often with symbolic or psychological significance.
3. Songs in plays can serve expositional, conflict-narrating, narrational, emotional climax, and summarizing functions in addition to entertainment. They help develop the total dramatic effect.
American literature
This document provides an overview of the major periods and developments in American literature from the 17th century to the present. It discusses the Colonial and Early National period from 1600-1830, characterized by practical writing by British settlers. The Romantic period from 1830-1870 saw an emphasis on individualism and nature. Realism and Naturalism from 1870-1910 brought a focus on accurate depictions of contemporary life. The Modernist period from 1910-1945 was defined by breaks from tradition amid world events. The Contemporary period from 1945 to today features increasingly diverse voices and perspectives.
Drama terms
This document defines various drama terms related to the structure, elements, and types of plays. It outlines key components of plays including acts, protagonists, dialogue, climaxes, and more. It also defines different types of drama such as comedies, tragedies, melodramas, and musicals. The document provides an extensive glossary of technical theater and performance terminology.
Types of drama
This document defines and provides examples of four main types of drama: tragedy, which invokes human suffering and catharsis in audiences; comedy, which is intended to be humorous and induce laughter; farce, which uses exaggerated and improbable situations to entertain; and melodrama, which puts characters in danger to appeal to emotions. Examples of each type are Endless Love, Crazy Stupid Love, Madagascar, and Forest Gump.
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Shakespeare, Tragedy and Comedy.pptx
This document discusses the structures and characteristics of tragedy and comedy in Shakespeare's plays Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Twelfth Night, and The Merchant of Venice. It outlines the typical plot structure of a tragedy, with rising action leading to a climax and then catastrophe. It also describes the tragic hero and how Shakespeare uses techniques like soliloquies to develop complex characters. For each play, it summarizes the key plot points and how they illustrate tragic or comic elements.
Literary genres
The document defines and describes various literary genres including drama, fable, fairy tale, fantasy, fiction, folklore, horror, satire, legend, mystery, mythology, poetry, biography, nonfiction, and speech. It provides characteristics for each genre such as drama involving dialogue and action, fables using animals to teach moral lessons, and fairy tales featuring fantasy elements like magic.
Drama and its kinds
Drama is a mode of fictional representation through dialogue and performance that imitates actions. It includes plays written for theaters, television, radio, and films.
The main types of drama are tragedy, comedy, romantic comedy, melodrama, farce, tragic comedy, and musical drama. Tragedy evokes pity and fear, comedy resolves problems satisfactorily, romantic comedy features love stories overcoming obstacles, and melodrama and farce feature exaggerated situations. Other types include classical tragic-comedy, comic-tragedy, satire, vaudeville, mime, and propaganda plays.
Comedy
The document defines and describes several types of comedy in literature and drama. It begins by defining comedy as a genre that is amusing and satirical, with a cheerful or happy ending. It then divides comedy into two categories: low comedy, which uses slapstick, drunkenness or buffoonery to create laughter; and high comedy, which relies on wit, satire or criticism of life. The document goes on to define romantic comedy, comedy of humors, comedy of manners, sentimental comedy, and tragicomedy - providing 1-2 sentences on each genre's focus or characteristics.
Gothic literature
The document provides an overview of Gothic literature, including when it became popular in the late 18th century, its key characteristics, and some famous Gothic writers. It began as a literary genre influenced by Gothic architecture and spread from Germany to England. Common Gothic elements include settings in castles or old mansions, the supernatural or paranormal, themes of religion and spirituality, and an atmosphere of gloom and terror designed to evoke a sense of uncertainty in readers. Some notable Gothic writers mentioned are Ann Radcliffe, Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters, Edgar Allan Poe, and Stephen King. The assignment at the end asks students to work in groups creating and sharing their own short Gothic stories.
The types of drama
Tragedies typically end unhappily and involve a noble protagonist with a tragic flaw that causes their downfall, while comedies end happily. Tragedies arouse pity and fear in audiences to purge these emotions, and types include classical and domestic stories. Comedies include romantic tales involving lovers, broad farces with physical humor, subtle comedies of manners, sentimental works mixing humor and emotion, and melodramas with villains but comic relief and happy endings. Both genres involve dramatic conflict between characters.
The canterbury tales in short
The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer is an incomplete collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral. It begins with a general prologue where Chaucer introduces the pilgrims, providing vivid portraits of each character to represent different segments of medieval English society. Through these descriptions, Chaucer satirizes human vice and folly, particularly hypocrisy within the clergy. The frame story has the pilgrims agree to tell stories during their journey to entertain each other, with the best storyteller receiving a prize.
Literature and its types
This document defines and describes different types of literature. It discusses that literature includes prose and poetry. Prose uses paragraphs to express ideas and feelings, while poetry uses lines and stanzas. Some common types of prose are essays, novels, short stories, biographies, diaries, and journals. Poetry is divided into lyric poetry which expresses personal feelings, and narrative poetry which tells a story through characters and events. Examples are provided for many of the literature types.
Introduction to Drama
Drama is a literary composition involving conflict, action, and dialogue meant to be performed on stage before an audience. It can be defined as a "criticism of life" presented through characters and their interactions. There are different types of drama including tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, and melodrama. The key elements of drama are plot, character, setting, theme, style, symbolism, and use of techniques like irony, monologue, soliloquy, and aside. These elements and techniques are used to convey meaning, develop characters, and advance the story through action and dialogue on stage.
Introduction to English literature
What is literature ?
Literature is a term use to describe written or spoken material. The term is most commonly used to refer to words of the creative imagination including works of poetry, drama, fiction and non-fiction. Literature is the art of written works. It is the body of written works of a language period or culture. Literature is published in written works in a particular style or particular subject. Literature is the mirror of life. Our life and all the subject are related to our life is the subject matter or element of literature. So we can get the touch of our life trough literature.Etymologically, literature has to do with letters,the written as opposed to the spoken word, though not everything that is written down is literature.
What is the function of literature ?
As based conception, Aristoteles in “poetic’ that the function of literature is called “catharsis the primary functions of literature are to delight the reader, and heighten his awareness of life. The subsidiary functions are ‘propaganda’, ‘release’ and ‘escape’; but they are subordinated to the primary creative functions of literature.Propaganda literature’ must be distinguished from mere propaganda in which there is nothing creative. The writer of mere propaganda is simply concerned to popularize facts, ideas, and emotions with which he is familiar. But propaganda that is literature is a creative influence irradiating and transforming the writer’s experience.‘Release literature’ is that in which the dominant motive of the writer is simply the assuagement of starved needs, the release of pent-up forces in the personality. Romances, detective stories, thrillers, poems etc.
Literature also provides ‘escape’ from the grim realities of life, and many people read to escape boredom. The higher type of literature helps the reader to escape from trivial reality into significant reality.
Element of Narrative
Conceptual elements ( surface facts )
Actions – events and the sequence ( plot )
Character ‘ agent of motivation
setting – point of reference
Mode of narration ( expressive devices )
Point of view - focus of the narrator knowledge and values
Style - focus of the author’s atittudes and values
Elements of Comedy
Comedy originated in ancient Greece, where comic poets at theaters would use political satire to influence voters in the Athenian democracy. According to Aristotle, comedy imitates men as being worse than average and deals with imperfections and defects in a way that provokes laughter rather than pain. Plato believed that comedy undermines rational self-control and should be tightly controlled, while Aristotle saw it as an inferior genre but one that can provide catharsis through laughter like tragedy provides through pity and fear. The document discusses definitions of comedy, its origins and differences from tragedy, as well as types of comedy and perspectives from Plato and Aristotle.
Types of drama
This document discusses different types of modern drama, including tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, melodrama, realistic drama, and theater of the absurd. Tragedies focus on serious human actions and their consequences, while comedies end in prosperity rather than calamity. Tragicomedies mix elements of both genres. Melodramas feature stereotypical heroes and villains. Realistic dramas depict everyday middle-class life to create an illusion of authenticity for audiences. Theater of the absurd uses irrational or absurd elements to invite audiences to question the human condition.
Teaching of literature_Drama
This presentation is a simple introduction to drama. Dealing with its types, forms and forms elements.
Ben jonson`s chief plays
Ben Jonson was an influential English playwright, poet, and actor. Some of his most famous plays include Volpone, The Alchemist, and Epicoene or The Silent Woman. Volpone, set in Venice, is about a rich man who pretends to be dying in order to inherit money from others. The Alchemist is considered Jonson's best comedy, depicting human folly. Epicoene was originally performed in 1609 but was unsuccessful, though it gained popularity after the English Restoration.
definition of tragedy
This document defines tragedy according to Aristotle and Oxford, and provides examples of tragedies. It discusses Aristotle's definition of a tragedy as an action that arouses pity and fear accomplishing a catharsis through language. Examples given are Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet about star-crossed lovers, and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman about a man searching for the American Dream and his late efforts to save himself.
Types of novel
This document summarizes and defines several types of novels:
- Historical novels use history as inspiration but range in quality from superficial to works that transform facts into emotional experiences. Subgenres include mock historical novels.
- Picaresque novels follow roguish protagonists through loosely connected adventures. Modern examples struggle to capture the spirit of the original form.
- Sentimental novels evolved from refined emotion to superficial tear-jerking. Serious writers generally avoid stock emotions and devices.
- Gothic novels feature horror, mystery, and the supernatural. They ask to be enjoyed as entertainment rather than for catharsis.
- Psychological novels analyze characters' motives rather than focusing on actions or consequences. Insight comes
Elements of drama
The document discusses the elements of drama in both its literary and theatrical forms. It defines drama as a story told through dialogue and action, intended for performance before an audience. The key elements of drama literature discussed are setting, characters, plot, theme, and style. Setting identifies the time, place, and historical period of the story. Characters are the most important material in a drama. Plot lays out the series of events. Theme is the unifying idea. Style refers to the author's mode of expression. The elements of drama in theatre discussed are scenery, costumes, props, lights, and sounds, which are used to communicate the surroundings, characters, and mood of the performance to the audience.
Types of drama
There are six main types of drama: comedy, tragedy, melodrama, farce, fantasy, and opera. Each type has a distinct purpose and characteristics. Comedies are lighthearted and aim to entertain audiences through humor, while tragedies deal with serious issues and themes and typically have unhappy endings. Melodramas emphasize good vs evil and feature exaggerated characters and plots. The goal of farces is purely entertainment through ridiculous situations, while fantasies involve imaginary elements like magic. Opera combines drama, music, and singing.
Dramatic devices & techniques
The document discusses several dramatic devices used in plays:
1. An aside allows a character to address the audience directly while remaining unheard by other characters on stage. It differs from a monologue or soliloquy.
2. A play within a play involves a play being performed by characters within the larger play, often with symbolic or psychological significance.
3. Songs in plays can serve expositional, conflict-narrating, narrational, emotional climax, and summarizing functions in addition to entertainment. They help develop the total dramatic effect.
American literature
This document provides an overview of the major periods and developments in American literature from the 17th century to the present. It discusses the Colonial and Early National period from 1600-1830, characterized by practical writing by British settlers. The Romantic period from 1830-1870 saw an emphasis on individualism and nature. Realism and Naturalism from 1870-1910 brought a focus on accurate depictions of contemporary life. The Modernist period from 1910-1945 was defined by breaks from tradition amid world events. The Contemporary period from 1945 to today features increasingly diverse voices and perspectives.
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Drama terms
This document defines various drama terms related to the structure, elements, and types of plays. It outlines key components of plays including acts, protagonists, dialogue, climaxes, and more. It also defines different types of drama such as comedies, tragedies, melodramas, and musicals. The document provides an extensive glossary of technical theater and performance terminology.
Types of drama
This document defines and provides examples of four main types of drama: tragedy, which invokes human suffering and catharsis in audiences; comedy, which is intended to be humorous and induce laughter; farce, which uses exaggerated and improbable situations to entertain; and melodrama, which puts characters in danger to appeal to emotions. Examples of each type are Endless Love, Crazy Stupid Love, Madagascar, and Forest Gump.
Introduction to drama
Drama originated in ancient Greece between 600-200 BC and was associated with religious festivals. The Greeks produced tragedies and comedies. Drama was then adopted by the Romans and spread throughout Europe and the Mediterranean world. During the Middle Ages, religious plays became popular ways to teach Christianity. The Renaissance saw a rebirth of Greek and Roman plays and the development of new secular dramas, particularly in Elizabethan England with playwrights like Shakespeare and Marlowe.
DRAMA, history, types and subtypes
Drama uses live performances to mirror life and provide insights into human behavior and psychology. It deals with motives, problems, and passions through characters interacting on stage. Drama began in Ancient Greece as choral performances for religious festivals and has evolved into various genres like comedy, tragedy, and other forms that use dialogue and action to tell stories. It develops plot and themes through elements like masks, symbols, and chorus.
Elements of drama
The document summarizes the key elements of drama that can be used to analyze dramatic works. It divides these elements into three categories: literary elements, technical elements, and performance elements. The literary elements include plot, character, exposition, conflict, theme, and dialogue. The technical elements comprise scenery, costumes, props, lights, and sound. The performance elements involve acting, character motivation, verbal and nonverbal expression, and character analysis.
Classical drama
Greek drama originated as religious performances held to worship gods and goddesses. Plays dealt with myths and legends and aimed to impart moral lessons. The three major classical dramatists were Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, who interpreted the same stories differently. Plays were performed outdoors in daylight for large audiences, with a chorus commenting on the story and no more than 3 actors allowed on stage due to conventions of maintaining unity of time, place, and action within a single day. Prologues were used to explain background events when these conventions were difficult to follow.
Tragedy And Drama
This document summarizes Aristotle's definitions and analysis of tragedy and comedy from his work Poetics. According to Aristotle, tragedy depicts a serious action that elicits pity and fear and ends in suffering, while comedy depicts situations that reverse unexpectedly or that involve recognition and reward. Tragedy focuses more on plot over character. It leads to a catharsis or purification of emotions through the audience's contemplation of pity and fear portrayed in a work.
Elements of Drama
The document discusses the key elements of drama, including plot, characters, dialogue, and theme. It provides an overview of Aristotle's original six elements of drama from ancient Greece as well as the modern elements. There are three main categories of elements: literary elements related to the story, technical elements of production, and performance elements related to acting. The document also includes a short summary of the plot of the play "The World Is an Apple" to illustrate the elements.
Elements of drama
A drama is a story enacted onstage that originated from ancient Greek theater. Tragedies typically deal with serious themes and end unhappily, while comedies focus on romantic conflicts and end happily. The elements of drama that can be analyzed include literary elements like plot, character, and theme as well as technical elements of scenery, costumes, lighting, and sound and performance elements of acting, character analysis, and nonverbal expression.
The role of structural characteristics in problem video game playing
This document provides a review of the literature on structural features of video games and their potential role in excessive video game playing. It discusses how features like variable ratio schedules of reinforcement, concurrent tasks, and grinding behaviors may influence player involvement, even when not enjoyable. However, more research is still needed to better understand how specific game features impact normal versus problem players. The review calls for future studies using experimental and longitudinal methods to assess key features and identify what problem players seek from games.
Partner drama genre ppt
The document discusses several films and how they meet conventions of the drama genre. It provides plots for films like 2012, Twilight, Romeo and Juliet, Titanic, Seven Pounds, Bride and Prejudice, and Why Did I Get Married? These films involve themes like natural disasters, relationships, conflicts, and deaths while combining elements of genres like action, adventure, fantasy, romance, comedy and musical. Analyzing how these films use conventions provides lessons for how to effectively craft drama films that emotionally engage audiences.
The Tragicomedy of the Commons; or, What's in it for me?
Slides for a presentation I gave at Case Western University's for their 2013
Three types of tragedy extra credit
Classical tragedies typically involve one setting, one day, and one to three characters, focus on religious and political issues of the time, and use formal language. In contrast, modern tragedies contain more characters and subplots, focus on societal issues like death and disease, involve unexpected plot twists, and have an intense pace. Both aim to convey meaningful messages to audiences through dramatic storytelling.
Types of stages
The document discusses four main types of stages: the proscenium arch stage which has a picture frame opening with the audience facing one direction; the thrust stage which extends into the audience on three sides; the traverse stage which has the audience on at least two sides and actors enter from the wings; and the arena stage or theatre in the round where the audience surrounds the stage on all sides.
Stage lighting
The document provides a history of stage lighting from ancient times using sunlight to modern electric lighting technologies. It discusses the key qualities of lighting including intensity, distribution, direction, color, and movement. Different lighting instruments like ellipsoidals, fresnels, and cycloramas are introduced. The document also covers lighting design principles put forth by Stanley McCandless and the use of intelligent lighting fixtures, DMX control, and computerized lighting consoles. It concludes by noting the sun will always put on a better light show and joking about the difference between God and a lighting designer.
Stage makeup
1. Stage makeup involves more than everyday makeup and requires creative skills to design and apply makeup for characters of different genders, skin tones, personalities, and even non-human roles.
2. Effective stage makeup design starts with understanding the character and coordinating with costumes, and may involve collecting inspiration photos and rendering makeup designs.
3. Stage makeup application techniques differ from everyday looks and often involve layering and blending different products like foundations, powders, prosthetics and special effects makeup to bring characters to life.
One act play
One of the multigenre elements that I composed was a one act play. This play is in interaction between two soldiers.
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The role of structural characteristics in problem video game playing
The role of structural characteristics in problem video game playing
The Tragicomedy of the Commons; or, What's in it for me?
The Tragicomedy of the Commons; or, What's in it for me?
More from Ms Maha
Fiction (Novel + short stories)
Fiction refers to imaginary stories, both realistic and unrealistic, told through prose. Early forms of fiction include fairy tales about supernatural characters and fables where animals can talk. Modern fiction is dominated by novels, a form that arrived in English in the 18th century and has key elements like setting, characters, plot, theme, and point of view. Novels can be social, domestic, historical, autobiographical, epistolary, stream-of-consciousness, science fiction, terrifying, or detective fiction. Short stories are also a form of narrative prose but are typically shorter works that cover less time and space than novels. Both novels and short stories should have a beginning, middle, end and follow basic story structure
Structure of Greek play
The structure of a Greek play consisted of a prologue, parados, episodes separated by songs from the chorus, and an exodus. The chorus' songs included a stasimon after the first episode and a commos at the end involving actors. A Greek tragedy followed specific conventions - it had a beginning, middle, and end; illustrated the downfall of a heroic figure due to a mistake stemming from hubris; and elicited emotions of fear and pity in audiences. The structure of modern tragedies includes an introduction, development/complications, climax, denouement, and catastrophe. Key differences between classical and modern drama include religious focus versus entertainment, mythological versus normal characters, the role of fate versus personal
Drama
Drama is an important form of literature that imitates real life through plays performed on stage. There are two main types of plays: tragedies, which depict a sad or disastrous event and usually end sadly, and comedies, which amuse and entertain audiences with happy endings. A tragedy features a main character who suffers greatly, often ending in death, while exploring serious human themes. Key elements that make up drama include the theme, plot, characters, dialogue, music, and visual components like scenery, costumes, and special effects. Plays are brought to life through the actors embodying the characters and moving the story forward with dialogue.
Lyrical poetry
This document discusses different types of lyrical poetry including lyrics, sonnets, odes, and elegies. Lyrical poetry records the poet's personal experiences and feelings. Lyrics are short poems that express spontaneous emotion inspired by something immediate, while sonnets are 14 lines written in iambic pentameter discussing one idea. Odes describe or celebrate events with irregular meter, and elegies lament death, either plainly or through the metaphor of a pastoral death. The document provides examples of different forms of lyrical poetry.
Dramatic Monologue
Dramatic monologue is a type of narrative poem where a single speaker reveals their emotions and feelings to the reader. In dramatic monologues, the author remains in the background while a character tells their story. William Blake's poem "The Chimney Sweeper" is an example of a dramatic monologue, where a young chimney sweep describes his experiences working and the dream he had of other sweeps being freed from their work.
Satire
Satire is a form of writing that uses humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. It can be in the form of prose or verse. While the writer's aim is often to provoke laughter, satire can also be very bitter and sarcastic. The history of satire can be traced back to 14th century works by writers like Geoffrey Chaucer. Famous 18th century satirists who used heroic couplets include John Dryden and Alexander Pope, whose well-known satirical poems include Mac Flecknoe, Absalom and Achitophel, and The D
The Ballad
A ballad is a short narrative poem, usually around 50-60 lines, that tells a story in rhyming verse meant to be sung. It has an impersonal tone and common features include dealing with themes of war, love, or everyday experiences. Ballads are written in a fourteener line structure with 8 syllables in the first and third lines and 6 syllables in the second and fourth lines of each stanza. There are traditional ballads composed by unknown poets and literary ballads imitating the traditional form.
Introduction to Literature - Lecture 3
Poetry uses aesthetic and rhythmic language to create meaning. It is a type of literary art that expresses emotion. There are two main styles of poetry - personal, where the poet expresses their own feelings, and impersonal, where the poet expresses what others may have felt without revealing their own emotions. Epics are a form of impersonal poetry that celebrate the deeds of a larger than life hero through a grand narrative style. They incorporate elements of history, legend, and myth. Famous epics include works like Beowulf, Gilgamesh, and Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Introduction to Literature - Lecture (2)
Verse and prose are the two forms of literature. Verse follows regular patterns of rhythm and is used for poems, while prose is written in normal language like stories. Poetry is verse that conveys deep emotions through language that follows a rhythmic pattern. Prose is used to express feelings but verse is used when writers want to profoundly convey something by adhering to a metrical structure. Literature exists in three main types - poetry, drama, and fiction.
Introduction to Literature -Lecture (1)
This document discusses the definition and purpose of literature. It notes that not all written works are considered literature, and identifies two types that are: writings that describe feelings or experiences, and imaginary writings that create fictional worlds. Literature is defined as the art of creative writing, including poetry, drama, fiction and some non-fiction. The purpose of literature is to represent experiences and record feelings, as well as provide pleasure through well-told stories, poems, and dramas. An excerpt from a poem is included as an example.
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Types of drama
- 2. Drama Tragedy Revenge tragedy Historical tragedy Heroic tragedy Comedy Pure comedy Tragi- comedy Comedy of humours Comedy of manners Sentimental comedy Modern Problem Play