Types of bacteria and bacterial disease of fin FISHES

1. SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
DR. AVDESH KUMAR HARI KRISHNA
48605

2. BACTERIA
 Bacteria is a type of biological cell.
 They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic
microorganisms.
 Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a
number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and
spirals.
 Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth,
and are present in most of its habitats.
 Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive
waste and the deep portions of Earth's crust.
 Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships
with plants and animals.
 The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of
microbiology.

3. TYPES OF BACTERIA
All bacteria share features common
to every prokaryotic cell:
 They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
 They have circular DNA that is naked (not bound
to protein)
 They have smaller ribosomes (70S)

4. However different types of bacteria
can be distinguished according to a
number of characteristics:
 Shape – Round (coccus), rod-like (bacillus), comma-
shaped (vibrio) or spiral (spirilla / spirochete)
 Cell wall composition – Gram-positive (thick
peptidoglycan layer) or Gram-negative
(lipopolysaccharide layer)
 Gaseous requirements – Anaerobic (obligate or
facultative) or aerobic
 Nutritional patterns – Autotrophic (photosynthetic or
chemosynthetic) or heterotrophic

5. Bacterial Sub-Classifications

6. BACTERIAL DISEASE
 Bacterial disease, any of a variety of illnesses
caused by bacteria.
 Bacteria cause disease by secreting or excreting
toxins , by producing toxins internally, which are
released when the bacteria disintegrate , or by
inducing sensitivity to their antigenic properties.
 Bacteria are responsible for many fatal diseases in
fishes like furunculosis, columnaris, fin and tail
rot, vibriosis, dropsy, cotton mouth disease and
tuberculosis.

7. Columnaris Disease
 Columnaris disease is caused by Chondroccus columnaris
and Cytophaga columnaris
 Common disease of carp ,carnivorous and many freshwater
aquarium fishes.
 It is a long, thin, flexible, gram-negative slime bacterium
(myxobacteriales).
 This disease is often associated with low oxygen level.
 Initially it is marked by appearance of grayish-white or
yellowish-white patches on the body.
 The skin lesions change to ulcerations and fins may
become frayed.
 Gill filaments are destroyed and eventually lead to the
death of the fish.

8. TREATMENT
 Always follow pre and post stocking pond
management.
 Addition of 1 ppm copper sulphate in the pond to
control this disease is effective.
 Tetramycin administered orally with food at a rate of 3
g / 100 pounds of fish / day for 10 days is very effective.
 Dip treatment in malachite green (1:15000) for 10-30
seconds and one hour bath in 1 ppm furanase is very
effective to control this disease.

9. Columnaris Disease

10. Bacterial Haemorrhagic
Septicemia Disease
 Also called as Infectious abdominal dropsy.
 Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, A.flurescence, A.
lucifaceans.
 Common in carps.
 Symptoms-ulcers are formed and may be of black
white and red colour.
 Scale and gills nacrosed followed by skeletal
deformities.
 Distruction of liver cells colour of liver changes to
yellow , exopthalmia condition.

11. TREATMENT
 Follow the pre and post stocking treatment practises.
 Use quarantine.
 Use pottasium per magnate for bath treatment.
 Use teramycine @ 65mg/kg fish body weight.
 Penicillin 20,000 IU/kg body weight of fish.
 Infected and dead fish fishes should be burried away
from infected pond.

12. Bacterial Haemorrhagic
Septicemia Disease

13. Fin and Tail Rot Disease
 Fin and Tail Rot disease is caused by Aeromonas salmonicid
and A. liquefaciens. However, protozoans and fungi may
also be involved.
 It is characterized by appearance of white lines along the
margins of fins, the opacity usually progresses towards the
base eroding them and causing haemorrhage.
 The fin rays become brittles first and later break leading to
the complete destruction of the fins. The infection may
also spread on the body surface.
 Fin and tail rot are associated with poor sanitary conditions
in fish ponds and with water pollution in nature.

14. TREATMENT
 Always follow pre and post stocking pond management.
 The Fin and tail rot may be checked at an early stage by
keeping fishes in 0.5% copper sulphate solution for 2
minutes.
 Control may be achieved with 10-50 ppm tetramycin and 1-
2 ppm of benzalkonium chloride.
 In severe infections the affected parts are surgically
removed and the fishes are then kept in 0.04% potassium
dichromate.
 Long bath in acriflaven@ 10g/100l water.
 sulphonamide@10mg/100l of water for 24 hrs

15. Fin and Tail Rot Disease

16. Furunculosis Disease
 Furuculosis disease is caused by Aeromona salmonicida in
salmon fishes. It is a non-motile, gram-negative bacterium.
 This disease frequently appears to infect fishes living in the dirty
waters containing a large amount of decaying matter.
 The first symptoms of this disease are appearance of boil like
lesions.
 Others symptoms are blood-shot fins, blood discharge from the
vent, haemorrhages in muscles and other tissues and necrosis of
the kidney.
 Bursting of boils allow the spread of this disease among other
fishes and also offer suitable areas for fungus growth.
 Fishes severely infected with the bacteria die in good number.
 .

17. TREATMENT
 Always follow pre and post stocking pond management.
 Remove the severely infected fishes from the pond and
supply food containing antibiotics like sulphonamides or
nitrofurans.
 Sulfonamides like sulfadiozine or sulfaguanidine are given
orally with food at the rate of 22 g / 100 kg of fish / day.
 Other antibiotics like chloromycetin and tetramycin are
most effective at a dose of 5-7.5g / 100 kg of fish / day.
Disinfect the eggs with 0.015% solution of methiolate or
0.185% acriflavin

18. Furunculosis Disease

19. Vibriosis Disease
 Vibrio bacteria are the causative agents of vibriosis
disease in salmon and many other fishes.
 This disease may occur in waters with low oxygen.
These bacteria are small gram-negative bacilli,
characteristically curved.
 Diseased fishes show large, bright coloured, bloody
lesions in the skin and muscles, haemorrhages in eyes,
gills may bleed with slight pressure, and inflammation
of the intestinal tract.

20. TREATMENT
 Always follow pre and post stocking pond
management.
 Sulfamethazine at a rate of 2 g / 100 pounds of fish /
day gives good results. 3 – 4 g / 100 pounds of fish / day
for 10 days of tetramycin also give satisfactory results.

21. Vibriosis Disease

22. Dropsy Disease
 Pseudomonas punctata and A. hydrophilla is the
causative agent of this disease. It is characterized by
accumulation of yellow coloured fluid inside the body
cavity, protruding scales and pronounced exopthalmic
conditions. This is known as “Intestinal Dropsy”.
 In case of ulcerative dropsy, ulcers appear on the skin,
deformation of back bone takes place and show
abnormal jumping. This is a fatal disease in culture
systems.
 Common in aquarium fishes.

23. TREATMENT
 Always follow pre and post stocking pond
management .
 Removal and destruction of fishes, followed by
draining, drying and disinfecting the pond with lime
are preventive measures to control the disease.
 The infected fishes may be cured with 5 ppm
potassium permanganate for 2 minutes dip bath.
Streptomycin and oxytetracyclin give good results.

24. Dropsy Disease

25. EPIZOOTIC ULCERATIVE SYNDROME
 Also called as RED SPOT disease or BACTERIAL
ULCERATIVE disease.
 This is caused by jointly infection of bacteria ,fungi,
and some time viruses
 A.hydrophilla, Saprolegnia phorax etc
 Major symptoms of this disease is
cauliflower formation of mouth
 This is common in mullets.

26. TREATMENT
 Always follow pre and post stocking pond
management.
 Bath treatment in cuso4 @100 -200 gm/100 l of water
for 30 sec.
 Cuso4 @ 500- 1000 gm/ hac of pond
 Apply lime 400-600 kg/hac at the interval of 7-10 days
for three times.
 Apply cifax @ 1 l /hac.
 kmno4@Kg/hac.

27. EPIZOOTIC ULCERATIVE SYNDROME

28. Tuberculosis Disease
 Mycobacterium is a disease causing agent which is
difficult to diagnose without pathological
examinations.
 The symptoms are ulcers on body, nodules in internal
organs, fin and tail rot, loss of appetite and loss of
weight of fish.

29. TREATMENT
 This can be cured with dip treatment in 1:2000 copper
sulphate for 1 minute for 3-4 days.
 Antibiotics are not successful.
 The fishes should be destroyed and potassium
permanganate or lime used in the pond

30. Tuberculosis Disease

31. Bacterial Gill Disease
 This disease is caused by Myxobacteria in salmon fish.
 Many bacteria are found in swollen gill lamellae which
show proliferation of the epithelium, and symptoms
are lack of appetite.
 This disease is transmitted through water from
infected fish.
TREATMENT
 It can be treated with 1-2 ppm timsan or 1 ppm copper
sulphate.

32. Bacterial Gill Disease