The document discusses the writing process and pre-writing techniques. It explains that the writing process typically involves pre-writing, writing a first draft, and revising and editing. Several pre-writing techniques are outlined, including free writing, questioning, listing ideas, clustering concepts, and outlining. The importance of outlining to organize ideas before writing a first draft is emphasized. Revising and editing are presented as important steps to further develop and refine a draft.

1. PRE-WRITING & PROCESS WRITING FORMAT

2. SUB TOPICS
The writing process:
Prewriting
Writing a First Draft
Revising
Editing

3. THE WRITING PROCESS
No writing process is ever perfect – there will
always have to be countless editing, revisions,
corrections, etc.
There are 4 processes in writing anything,
whether an article, an essay, or even a chapter of
a novel.

4. PRE - WRITING
Usually when presented with a specific topic,
many writers have a mental block about what to
write and how to go about it.
May not be able to think of something
interesting, or unable to think of the supporting
details of your topic.

5. Even after starting an essay, you might be blank
halfway. You may wonder “What else can I say?”
or “Where can I go from there?”
These are perfectly normal emotions to
experience when writing.

6. TRIVIA …
When Bruno Mars was
composing “Just the Way
You Are” he stated that it
took him “months” to
come up with the song. “I
wasn’t thinking of
anything deep and poetic.
I was just telling a story”

7. There are five prewriting techniques to help you
develop an idea and get it on paper:
Free writing
Questioning
Making a list
Clustering
Preparing an outline

8. Free writing: Jotting down ideas, phrases,
sentences, etc. Don’t worry about mistakes. Don’t
hold back.
Questioning: Generating ideas and details by
asking questions about your subjects. Use the 5W
1H guideline to help you.

9. Making a list: Also known as brainstorming, you
collect ideas and details. Make a list about your
subject.
Clustering: Map out your ideas.

11. Preparing an outline: a combination of all the
four parts of prewriting.
If you are unable to come up with something
solid, then you have to do more prewriting for the
topics that you have listed.
Think carefully about the points that you are
making.

12. OUTLINING
An outline helps you work on your essay further.
It is basically a quick check on whether your
essay is coherent.
It removes the distraction of words and phrases
and makes sentences and thoughts more
organized.

13. EXAMPLE…
Topic sentence: Learning a foreign language has many
benefits:
Develop their mental ability
Make new friends
Open to ideas/ ideologies
Accelerates cognitive development
Be competitive in the global market
More culturally sensitive
Languages connect people
Different way of seeing the world
Improves interpretative capabilities

14. A) Languages connect people:
 Make new friends
 Be competitive in the global market
B) More culturally sensitive:
 Open to ideas / ideologies
 Different way of seeing the world
C) Develop their mental ability:
 Accelerates cognitive development
 Improves interpretative capabilities

15. WRITING A FIRST DRAFT
It’s time to give your essay a body – but it takes
plenty of writing and patience.
You must flesh out a cohesive sentence – it doesn’t
have to be neat at first – the whole point is to get
your idea across.
E.g: Learning a foreign language has many benefits.
It can connect us socially and professionally.

16. REVISING AND EDITING
The main idea is there, but it needs more work – simply writing it for
the sake of writing won’t get you anywhere!
E.g: Recently, I’ve just begun learning the basics of Mandarin. Now
that I’m learning a tongue that is not my own, I’ve found that learning
a foreign language does have its benefits. For instance, on a social
scale, I can converse with my Chinese friends with a wider vocabulary
than simply saying “yeah meh?” or “like that hor”.
On a professional scale, being able to speak a foreign language can get
you the respect you deserve from your colleagues who struggle to
communicate with their foreign peers. You can play the role of both
speaker and interpreter!

17. FORMAT FOR PROCESS WRITING
Introduction (1st
Paragraph)
Definition of sketching
How useful will it be for you in your respective course
What is your process essay about

18. 2nd
Paragraph – The Observation (1st
Main Point)
Select your chosen material (kitchen utensil)
Use your five senses in describing this material
How is this material used in everyday life
Why did you select this material

19. 3rd
Paragraph – The Drawing Tools needed (2nd
Main
Point)
Shading (which pencils to use, dark or light)
Any other stationary / tools used to achieve balance
(i.e grids, etc)?
Did you need to clear your workspace to begin your
sketch with peace of mind?

20. 4th
Paragraph – Further sketching details (3rd
Main
Point)
More complex styles of shading and drawing.
Lighting and contouring, if any
Mistakes made and how they were corrected

21. 5th
Paragraph – Conclusion
How long was the process of your sketch and why
was it so long
How did you feel after it’s completion
Would you do this again?