The document discusses the writing process and pre-writing techniques. It explains that the writing process typically involves pre-writing, writing a first draft, and revising and editing. Several pre-writing techniques are outlined, including free writing, questioning, listing ideas, clustering concepts, and outlining. The importance of outlining to organize ideas before writing a first draft is emphasized. Revising and editing are presented as important steps to further develop and refine a draft.
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Healthy Voices - Session Three - WritingDave Deveny
Session Three of a series of workshops on communicating online. This session covers the art of writing including authors voice, identifying who you are writing for and some writing do's and dont's. This is the presentation, there are also accompanying notes.
http://www.descriptiveessaywriting.com/ This presentation is about how to write a descriptive essay , what topics you need to use, shows examples of it.
Healthy Voices - Session Three - WritingDave Deveny
Session Three of a series of workshops on communicating online. This session covers the art of writing including authors voice, identifying who you are writing for and some writing do's and dont's. This is the presentation, there are also accompanying notes.
http://www.descriptiveessaywriting.com/ This presentation is about how to write a descriptive essay , what topics you need to use, shows examples of it.
This presentation shows how to use the TAPF method (Topic-Audience-Purpose-Form) to plan a piece of academic writing.
The presentation is used in the English Composition I course at City Vision University (www.cityvision.edu)
O r g a n i z e Y o u r S p e e c h Organizing a speech is.docxhopeaustin33688
O r g a n i z e Y o u r S p e e c h
Organizing a speech is similar to writing an essay. Every essay must have
an introductory paragraph, a body, and a concluding paragraph A speech
has the same three divisions: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. T o
determine whether your ideas are clearly organized and easy to follow, you
must consider the organization of each of these three parts of your speech.
Organize Your Speech Introduction. Though usually brief, your speech
introduction serves five vital functions. First, it focuses the audience's atten-
tion on your message. You want to command their attention with your first
words. How can you do this? Question your audience, amuse them, arouse
their curiosity about your subject, or stimulate their imaginations.
Second, your introduction should clarify your topic or your purpose in
speaking. If your listeners are confused about your exact topic, you limit
their ability to listen actively. To minimize any chances of this, state your
purpose clearly in a well-worded sentence.
A third function of your introduction is to establish the significance
of your topic or to explain your interest in it. Fourth, your introduction
should help establish your credibility as a speaker on that topic. Reveal
any special qualifications you have for speaking on the topic, and use your
words, voice, and body to instill confidence in your listeners that you have
prepared thoroughly. Finally, your introduction should highlight or pre-
view the aspects of your subject that you will discuss in the body. Well-
planned and well-delivered opening remarks will make the audience want
to listen and will prepare them for what comes next. To check the integrity
of your speech introduction, answer the following questions:
What are the parts of my introduction?
• What is my attention getter?
• What is my statement of purpose?
• What rationale do I provide for speaking about this topic?
• How do I establish my credibility to speak on this topic?
• What are the points I will cover in my speech?
Organize the Body of Your Speech. The body of your speech is its
longest, most substantial scction. Though it follows your introduction, you
should prepare the body of your speech first. Here you introduce your
key ideas and support or explain each one. You should develop only two
or three main ideas in a first speech, because you can more easily develop
them within your time limit. Your audience will also more easily grasp and
remember a few well-developed ideas. Restricting your main points to a
few is particularly important in a first speech because it may be the shortest
presentation you make during the semester or quarter.
Your organizational goal in the body is to structure your main points
so clearly that they are both distinct and unmistakable to your listeners.
T o help you do so, we recommend a four-step sequence—the " 4 S ' s " — f o r
organizing each of your main ideas. First, .
3. THE WRITING PROCESS
No writing process is ever perfect – there will
always have to be countless editing, revisions,
corrections, etc.
There are 4 processes in writing anything,
whether an article, an essay, or even a chapter of
a novel.
4. PRE - WRITING
Usually when presented with a specific topic,
many writers have a mental block about what to
write and how to go about it.
May not be able to think of something
interesting, or unable to think of the supporting
details of your topic.
5. Even after starting an essay, you might be blank
halfway. You may wonder “What else can I say?”
or “Where can I go from there?”
These are perfectly normal emotions to
experience when writing.
6. TRIVIA …
When Bruno Mars was
composing “Just the Way
You Are” he stated that it
took him “months” to
come up with the song. “I
wasn’t thinking of
anything deep and poetic.
I was just telling a story”
7. There are five prewriting techniques to help you
develop an idea and get it on paper:
Free writing
Questioning
Making a list
Clustering
Preparing an outline
8. Free writing: Jotting down ideas, phrases,
sentences, etc. Don’t worry about mistakes. Don’t
hold back.
Questioning: Generating ideas and details by
asking questions about your subjects. Use the 5W
1H guideline to help you.
9. Making a list: Also known as brainstorming, you
collect ideas and details. Make a list about your
subject.
Clustering: Map out your ideas.
10.
11. Preparing an outline: a combination of all the
four parts of prewriting.
If you are unable to come up with something
solid, then you have to do more prewriting for the
topics that you have listed.
Think carefully about the points that you are
making.
12. OUTLINING
An outline helps you work on your essay further.
It is basically a quick check on whether your
essay is coherent.
It removes the distraction of words and phrases
and makes sentences and thoughts more
organized.
13. EXAMPLE…
Topic sentence: Learning a foreign language has many
benefits:
Develop their mental ability
Make new friends
Open to ideas/ ideologies
Accelerates cognitive development
Be competitive in the global market
More culturally sensitive
Languages connect people
Different way of seeing the world
Improves interpretative capabilities
14. A) Languages connect people:
Make new friends
Be competitive in the global market
B) More culturally sensitive:
Open to ideas / ideologies
Different way of seeing the world
C) Develop their mental ability:
Accelerates cognitive development
Improves interpretative capabilities
15. WRITING A FIRST DRAFT
It’s time to give your essay a body – but it takes
plenty of writing and patience.
You must flesh out a cohesive sentence – it doesn’t
have to be neat at first – the whole point is to get
your idea across.
E.g: Learning a foreign language has many benefits.
It can connect us socially and professionally.
16. REVISING AND EDITING
The main idea is there, but it needs more work – simply writing it for
the sake of writing won’t get you anywhere!
E.g: Recently, I’ve just begun learning the basics of Mandarin. Now
that I’m learning a tongue that is not my own, I’ve found that learning
a foreign language does have its benefits. For instance, on a social
scale, I can converse with my Chinese friends with a wider vocabulary
than simply saying “yeah meh?” or “like that hor”.
On a professional scale, being able to speak a foreign language can get
you the respect you deserve from your colleagues who struggle to
communicate with their foreign peers. You can play the role of both
speaker and interpreter!
17. FORMAT FOR PROCESS WRITING
Introduction (1st
Paragraph)
Definition of sketching
How useful will it be for you in your respective course
What is your process essay about
18. 2nd
Paragraph – The Observation (1st
Main Point)
Select your chosen material (kitchen utensil)
Use your five senses in describing this material
How is this material used in everyday life
Why did you select this material
19. 3rd
Paragraph – The Drawing Tools needed (2nd
Main
Point)
Shading (which pencils to use, dark or light)
Any other stationary / tools used to achieve balance
(i.e grids, etc)?
Did you need to clear your workspace to begin your
sketch with peace of mind?
20. 4th
Paragraph – Further sketching details (3rd
Main
Point)
More complex styles of shading and drawing.
Lighting and contouring, if any
Mistakes made and how they were corrected
21. 5th
Paragraph – Conclusion
How long was the process of your sketch and why
was it so long
How did you feel after it’s completion
Would you do this again?
