The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred on December 26, 2004 off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia with a magnitude of 9.3. It triggered a series of devastating tsunamis that affected countries around the Indian Ocean. Over 225,000 people were killed in 11 countries, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in history. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand were the hardest hit. The earthquake generated tsunami waves as high as 30 meters that caused widespread damage when they reached coastal areas.

1. TsunamiTsunami
20042004

3. 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
Date:Date: December 26, 2004December 26, 2004MagnitudeMagnitude9.39.3
Depth:Depth:30 km30 km
Type:Type: undersea (subduction) earthquakeundersea (subduction) earthquake
Countries/regions affected:Countries/regions affected: Indonesia (mainly inIndonesia (mainly in
Aceh), Sri Lanka,Aceh), Sri Lanka,
India (mostly in Tamil Nadu), Thailand.India (mostly in Tamil Nadu), Thailand.
Tsunami:Tsunami: YesYes
CasualtiesCasualties:: 229,866 / 2nd deadliest earthquake of all229,866 / 2nd deadliest earthquake of all
timetime

5. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakeThe 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
was an undersea earthquake thatwas an undersea earthquake that
occurred on December 26, 2004,occurred on December 26, 2004,
with an epicentre off the westwith an epicentre off the west
coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Thecoast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The
earthquake was caused byearthquake was caused by
subduction and triggered a seriessubduction and triggered a series
of devastating tsunamis along theof devastating tsunamis along the
coasts of most landmassescoasts of most landmasses
bordering the Indian Ocean.bordering the Indian Ocean.

6. It killed more than 225,000It killed more than 225,000
people in elevenpeople in eleven
countries, and inundatingcountries, and inundating
coastal communities withcoastal communities with
waves up to 30 meterswaves up to 30 meters
high. It was one of thehigh. It was one of the
deadliest natural disastersdeadliest natural disasters
in history. Indonesia, Sriin history. Indonesia, Sri
Lanka, India, and ThailandLanka, India, and Thailand
were hardest hit.were hardest hit.

7. With a magnitude ofWith a magnitude of
between 9.1 and 9.3, it isbetween 9.1 and 9.3, it is
the second largestthe second largest
earthquake ever recordedearthquake ever recorded
on a seismograph. Thison a seismograph. This
earthquake had the longestearthquake had the longest
duration of faulting everduration of faulting ever
observed, between 8.3 andobserved, between 8.3 and
10 minutes.10 minutes.

8. What is A Tsunami?What is A Tsunami?
• TsunamiTsunami :A Harbor:A Harbor
Wave , also known as aWave , also known as a
seismic sea waveseismic sea wave oror
as aas a tidal wavetidal wave, is a, is a
series of waves in a waterseries of waves in a water
body caused by thebody caused by the
displacement of a largedisplacement of a large
volume of water,volume of water,
generally in an ocean or agenerally in an ocean or a
large lake.large lake.

9. How does a tsunami generate?How does a tsunami generate?
• The principal generation mechanism (orThe principal generation mechanism (or
cause) of a tsunami is the displacement of acause) of a tsunami is the displacement of a
substantial volume of water or perturbation ofsubstantial volume of water or perturbation of
the sea. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions andthe sea. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and
other underwater explosions (includingother underwater explosions (including
detonations of underwater nuclear devices),detonations of underwater nuclear devices),
landslides, glacier calving, meteorite impactslandslides, glacier calving, meteorite impacts
and other disturbances above or below waterand other disturbances above or below water
all have the potential to generate a tsunami.all have the potential to generate a tsunami.

10. Since 1900 the onlySince 1900 the only
earthquakes recordedearthquakes recorded
with a greater magnitudewith a greater magnitude
were the 1960 Greatwere the 1960 Great
Chilean EarthquakeChilean Earthquake
(magnitude 9.5) and the(magnitude 9.5) and the
1964 Good Friday1964 Good Friday
Earthquake in PrinceEarthquake in Prince
William Sound (9.2).William Sound (9.2).

11. It caused the entire planet toIt caused the entire planet to
vibrate as much as 1 cm andvibrate as much as 1 cm and
triggered other earthquakestriggered other earthquakes
as far away as Alaska. Theas far away as Alaska. The
disaster is known by thedisaster is known by the
scientific community as thescientific community as the
Great Sumatra-AndamanGreat Sumatra-Andaman
earthquake and is alsoearthquake and is also
known as the Asian Tsunamiknown as the Asian Tsunami
and the Boxing Dayand the Boxing Day
Tsunami.Tsunami.

12. The plight of the manyThe plight of the many
affected people andaffected people and
countries prompted acountries prompted a
widespreadwidespread
humanitarian response.humanitarian response.
In all, the worldwideIn all, the worldwide
community donatedcommunity donated
more than $7 billion inmore than $7 billion in
humanitarian aid.humanitarian aid.

13. Amplitude of the waveAmplitude of the wave
Waves up to 30 meters and 100 feet high!!!Waves up to 30 meters and 100 feet high!!!

14. How the shape of beaches affectedHow the shape of beaches affected
the amplitude of the wave ?the amplitude of the wave ?
Depending on the depth of theDepending on the depth of the
water, the beach had, decided howwater, the beach had, decided how
much destruction it will make.much destruction it will make.

15. Whether Scientists detected theWhether Scientists detected the
earthquake in time to warn peopleearthquake in time to warn people
about it ?about it ?
• WARN THE PEOPLEWARN THE PEOPLE IMMEDIATELY!!!IMMEDIATELY!!!

16. Why most people did not get aWhy most people did not get a
warning?warning?
• Scientists didn’t warn people to go awayScientists didn’t warn people to go away
because maybe they were not sure aboutbecause maybe they were not sure about
the earthquake and then the peoplethe earthquake and then the people
discuss badly their names and it coulddiscuss badly their names and it could
cause to them, an unemployment.cause to them, an unemployment.
• The countries would have lack of tourism.The countries would have lack of tourism.
• Because of other countries’ benefits.Because of other countries’ benefits.

17. What can be done to reduce the loss of lifeWhat can be done to reduce the loss of life
and damage if another tsunami occurs in theand damage if another tsunami occurs in the
same area?same area?
• Inform to all people the fact.Inform to all people the fact.
• Go somewhere safer.Go somewhere safer.
• Go to a high place to protect yourself from theGo to a high place to protect yourself from the
flooding.flooding.
• Example: on the roof of your house, or to a highExample: on the roof of your house, or to a high
mountain.mountain.