Tsunami
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The document describes the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and resulting tsunami. It notes that the earthquake occurred along the subduction zone where the Indian plate dives under the Eurasian plate. The earthquake had a magnitude of 9.0 and generated a massive tsunami that caused widespread destruction across portions of Southeast Asia, killing over 100,000 people and spreading disease. The document provides background on tsunamis, noting that they are waves generated by abrupt sea floor displacement and can cause damage thousands of miles from their origin.
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Tsunami
This document discusses tsunamis, including their formation, occurrence, causes, effects, and mitigation. Tsunamis are long sea waves caused most often by earthquakes. About 1000 tsunamis have been documented, with only 10% being catastrophic. Major historical tsunamis include the 2004 Sumatra earthquake tsunami that caused over 300,000 deaths and the 1755 Lisbon tsunami. Tsunamis are mitigated by evacuating to high ground when warnings are issued.
Earth quakes 2
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Most earthquakes occur at boundaries where tectonic plates meet. The point of origin below the surface is called the focus, while the point above on the surface is the epicenter. Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale and can occur anywhere at any time, often in regions with volcanoes due to plate movement.
Focus2
Focus refers to the underground point of origin of an earthquake where rocks break and move, located less than 70km below the earth's surface. There are two types of focus: shallow focus, which is more common and occurs closer to the surface between 0-400 miles deep, usually causing more damage; and deep focus, which occurs at least 300km deep, sends vibrations but rarely causes surface damage.
Ch.5.less.4.what are earthquakes and how do they occur
An earthquake occurs when layers of rock beneath the earth's surface rupture suddenly, releasing stored energy in seismic waves. These waves travel outward from the hypocenter, where the rupture initiates, marking the epicenter at the surface directly above. Several factors influence earthquake occurrence, including plate tectonics and the type and speed of seismic waves produced. Earthquakes are measured by both magnitude scales, indicating energy released, and intensity scales, describing perceived effects on people and structures.
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On January 17, 1995, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Kobe, Japan, killing over 5,000 people and making over 300,000 homeless. The 20-second quake caused $100 billion in damage to infrastructure and buildings. Earthquakes occur when blocks of the earth slip past one another at fault lines, releasing stored elastic energy in seismic waves.
Ch. 2, section 3 Internal Forces
The movement of tectonic plates causes various geological phenomena including volcanoes, mountains, and earthquakes. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide in subduction or collision zones, and transform where they slide past each other. Earthquakes occur when stress builds up at faults until the plates suddenly slip, releasing energy. Large earthquakes can generate tsunamis through displacement of water. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as magma rises from below the crust.
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An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismic activity of an area refers to how frequently earthquakes occur, what type they are, and how large, over a period of time. Earthquakes can cause damage through ground shaking and sometimes trigger other natural disasters like tsunamis or volcanic eruptions.
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Earth quakes 2
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Most earthquakes occur at boundaries where tectonic plates meet. The point of origin below the surface is called the focus, while the point above on the surface is the epicenter. Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale and can occur anywhere at any time, often in regions with volcanoes due to plate movement.
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Focus refers to the underground point of origin of an earthquake where rocks break and move, located less than 70km below the earth's surface. There are two types of focus: shallow focus, which is more common and occurs closer to the surface between 0-400 miles deep, usually causing more damage; and deep focus, which occurs at least 300km deep, sends vibrations but rarely causes surface damage.
Ch.5.less.4.what are earthquakes and how do they occur
An earthquake occurs when layers of rock beneath the earth's surface rupture suddenly, releasing stored energy in seismic waves. These waves travel outward from the hypocenter, where the rupture initiates, marking the epicenter at the surface directly above. Several factors influence earthquake occurrence, including plate tectonics and the type and speed of seismic waves produced. Earthquakes are measured by both magnitude scales, indicating energy released, and intensity scales, describing perceived effects on people and structures.
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On January 17, 1995, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Kobe, Japan, killing over 5,000 people and making over 300,000 homeless. The 20-second quake caused $100 billion in damage to infrastructure and buildings. Earthquakes occur when blocks of the earth slip past one another at fault lines, releasing stored elastic energy in seismic waves.
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The movement of tectonic plates causes various geological phenomena including volcanoes, mountains, and earthquakes. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide in subduction or collision zones, and transform where they slide past each other. Earthquakes occur when stress builds up at faults until the plates suddenly slip, releasing energy. Large earthquakes can generate tsunamis through displacement of water. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as magma rises from below the crust.
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An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismic activity of an area refers to how frequently earthquakes occur, what type they are, and how large, over a period of time. Earthquakes can cause damage through ground shaking and sometimes trigger other natural disasters like tsunamis or volcanic eruptions.
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Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries and are caused by the buildup and sudden release of stress in rock. Rock can deform plastically or elastically under stress, and will break if stretched too far, releasing seismic energy. The type and strength of earthquake depends on the type of plate boundary, with transform boundaries producing moderate quakes, convergent boundaries producing strong deep quakes, and divergent boundaries producing weak shallow quakes.
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Earthquakes occur when built-up stress causes rocks beneath the earth's surface to suddenly break along faults. Rocks experience stress as the tectonic plates they reside in move and push against each other. This stress accumulates until it surpasses the rocks' elastic limit, at which point the rocks snap in an earthquake. The type of fault that forms depends on whether the rocks experience tension, compression, or shearing forces from plate movement.
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This document discusses different types of earthquakes, including tectonic, volcanic, collapse, and explosion earthquakes. It describes seismic waves and how they are studied by seismologists using seismographs. P-waves and S-waves are body waves that travel through the earth's interior, while surface waves such as Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel along the surface. Earthquake damage results from these waves and can include landslides, building damage, and liquefaction. The intensity of earthquakes is measured using the Modified Mercalli scale.
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When an earthquake occurs, stored energy is released from the focus (starting point) and travels outward as seismic waves. There are two types of body waves - P waves and S waves - that travel through the earth's interior. Surface waves travel along the earth's surface and are the most destructive. By measuring the arrival times of seismic waves at multiple seismograph stations, scientists can use triangulation to determine the exact epicenter (surface location) of the earthquake.
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The document discusses earthquakes, including defining them as vibrations induced in the earth's crust due to internal or external causes. It describes seismology as the science dealing with studying earthquakes. Key terms are defined, such as the focus or hypocenter being the point of origin below the surface, and the epicenter being the point above the focus. Different types of seismic waves - P, S, and L waves - are described. Earthquakes are classified based on depth, magnitude using the Richter scale, and causes. Causes include tectonic plate movements and volcanic eruptions. Effects are shaking, landslides, fires, tsunamis, and impact on humans, rivers and seas. Design of earthquake
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An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that generates seismic waves. Faults in the crust result from tectonic plate movements and cause earthquakes when the rocks on either side slip past each other due to accumulated elastic strain. The focus is the point where slippage originates underground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Seismographs installed worldwide record earthquake ground motions to study seismic activity.
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Mantle currents push tectonic plates against each other, building potential energy until plates slip along faults in earthquakes, suddenly releasing kinetic energy and creating seismic waves. The 1968 Meckering earthquake in Western Australia was a magnitude 6.9 thrust earthquake on the Meckering Fault, while the 2010 Christchurch earthquake was a magnitude 4.9 transform earthquake on the Christchurch Fault. Earthquakes originate below ground at a hypocenter, and types of faults include convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries and intraplate faults.
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The document discusses key concepts in plate tectonics including continental drift, where the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart. It describes plate tectonics theory that the Earth's crust is made up of plates that move atop the mantle, and the three types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they move together, and transform where they slide past each other. Specific examples are given of locations demonstrating each boundary type.
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This document provides information on how earthquakes are generated and measured. It discusses how tectonic plates interact underground, building stress until rocks fracture and slip, releasing energy as seismic waves. It describes the layers of the Earth's interior, and how the movement of partially molten rock in the asthenosphere causes the overlying tectonic plates to shift slowly over time. The document also outlines two key measures of earthquake strength - intensity scales the observed ground shaking, while magnitude refers to the amount of energy released at the source.
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Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia, located in Sydney. It is situated on 135 hectares of landscaped grounds with buildings balanced with open spaces and native plants. Notable features include Mars Creek zone with its landscaped creek sides, valley, grass amphitheater and artificial lake. In the future, the university will have its own railway station, making it very accessible while still retaining its beautiful natural surroundings.
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Earthquakes occur when built-up stress causes rocks beneath the earth's surface to suddenly break along faults. Rocks experience stress as the tectonic plates they reside in move and push against each other. This stress accumulates until it surpasses the rocks' elastic limit, at which point the rocks snap in an earthquake. The type of fault that forms depends on whether the rocks experience tension, compression, or shearing forces from plate movement.
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The document summarizes a report about the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. It describes how the 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck northern Pakistan and affected other parts of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. Over 80,000 people lost their lives and 250,000 lost their homes, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in Pakistan's history. The earthquake was caused by shifting of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. Areas close to the epicenter, like Muzaffarabad, experienced the strongest shaking and most damage.
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This document discusses different types of earthquakes, including tectonic, volcanic, collapse, and explosion earthquakes. It describes seismic waves and how they are studied by seismologists using seismographs. P-waves and S-waves are body waves that travel through the earth's interior, while surface waves such as Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel along the surface. Earthquake damage results from these waves and can include landslides, building damage, and liquefaction. The intensity of earthquakes is measured using the Modified Mercalli scale.
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When an earthquake occurs, stored energy is released from the focus (starting point) and travels outward as seismic waves. There are two types of body waves - P waves and S waves - that travel through the earth's interior. Surface waves travel along the earth's surface and are the most destructive. By measuring the arrival times of seismic waves at multiple seismograph stations, scientists can use triangulation to determine the exact epicenter (surface location) of the earthquake.
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Earthquake
The document discusses earthquakes, including defining them as vibrations induced in the earth's crust due to internal or external causes. It describes seismology as the science dealing with studying earthquakes. Key terms are defined, such as the focus or hypocenter being the point of origin below the surface, and the epicenter being the point above the focus. Different types of seismic waves - P, S, and L waves - are described. Earthquakes are classified based on depth, magnitude using the Richter scale, and causes. Causes include tectonic plate movements and volcanic eruptions. Effects are shaking, landslides, fires, tsunamis, and impact on humans, rivers and seas. Design of earthquake
Earthquake
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that generates seismic waves. Faults in the crust result from tectonic plate movements and cause earthquakes when the rocks on either side slip past each other due to accumulated elastic strain. The focus is the point where slippage originates underground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Seismographs installed worldwide record earthquake ground motions to study seismic activity.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26th at 00:58:53 UTC. It was the second largest earthquake ever recorded with a magnitude of 9.3. Areas most affected were Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. The earthquake generated massive tsunami waves up to 30 meters high that caused widespread damage and loss of life along coastlines throughout the Indian Ocean region. Over 230,000 people lost their lives.
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The document discusses plate tectonics and continental drift. It explains that originally there was one supercontinent, Pangaea, which broke apart over time into the continents we see today. This was Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift. The theory of plate tectonics then expanded on this, proposing that the crust is broken into plates that move atop the mantle. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they move together, and transform where they slide past each other.
2011 Japan Earthquake
The 2011 Tohoku earthquake that struck offshore of Japan was the most powerful ever recorded in the country. It was caused by subduction zone activity along the Japan Trench, where the Pacific Plate is being subducted under the North American Plate. The magnitude 9.0 quake triggered a massive tsunami that killed thousands and was generated by the sudden displacement of water from the horizontal and vertical movement of the tectonic plates colliding underground.
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The document summarizes plate tectonics and the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami. It describes how the India plate collided with Eurasia, subducting under the Burma microplate at 50 mm/yr. This accumulated stress until the 9.3 magnitude earthquake, which ruptured 1200 km of the fault, releasing stored strain energy. The large earthquake displacement generated a massive tsunami, which caused widespread damage as it propagated across the Indian Ocean.
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Mantle currents push tectonic plates against each other, building potential energy until plates slip along faults in earthquakes, suddenly releasing kinetic energy and creating seismic waves. The 1968 Meckering earthquake in Western Australia was a magnitude 6.9 thrust earthquake on the Meckering Fault, while the 2010 Christchurch earthquake was a magnitude 4.9 transform earthquake on the Christchurch Fault. Earthquakes originate below ground at a hypocenter, and types of faults include convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries and intraplate faults.
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This document provides information on how earthquakes are generated and measured. It discusses how tectonic plates interact underground, building stress until rocks fracture and slip, releasing energy as seismic waves. It describes the layers of the Earth's interior, and how the movement of partially molten rock in the asthenosphere causes the overlying tectonic plates to shift slowly over time. The document also outlines two key measures of earthquake strength - intensity scales the observed ground shaking, while magnitude refers to the amount of energy released at the source.
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Tsunamis are series of massive waves generated by earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions that occur undersea or by meteorite impacts. They are caused most often by earthquakes in subduction zones where tectonic plates converge. As the plates push against each other and strain builds, it is suddenly released in an earthquake, displacing water and generating tsunami waves. Areas near subduction zones like Japan are most at risk. When tsunamis reach land, they cause catastrophic damage through massive flooding. Understanding their causes can help identify locations that may experience future tsunamis.
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The passage explains the purpose and structure of explanation text. Explanation text aims to explain how or why phenomena occur through a general statement, sequenced explanation of stages, and use of simple present tense. It provides examples of explaining tsunamis and earthquakes, starting with a general statement and then explaining the stages of how each occurs through sequenced explanations and temporal conjunctions.
Explanation text
The document contains explanations of two natural phenomena:
1) It explains tsunamis as series of waves generated by rapid displacement of large volumes of water, often caused by earthquakes or landslides, and how they radiate across oceans and cause damage upon reaching land.
2) It explains the water cycle as the continuous movement of water on Earth through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and flow towards oceans, where the cycle repeats as heat from the sun evaporates water again.
Explanation text
The document provides explanations on several topics:
- Explanation text explains processes relating to natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena using "why" and "how".
- The purpose is to explain how and why things occur through sequenced explanations of stages or chronological steps.
- Explanation text uses generic language, simple present tense, and temporal and causal conjunctions.
Explanation text
1. The document explains explanation text, which aims to explain processes involved in natural, scientific, or sociocultural phenomena.
2. It provides examples of explanation text topics like butterfly metamorphosis, photosynthesis, tsunamis, and the greenhouse effect.
3. The structure of explanation text includes a general statement, sequential explanation of the process, and a concluding statement.
Tsunami explanation text
The document is an explanation of tsunamis. It begins with a general statement defining a tsunami as a series of waves generated by the rapid displacement of water on a massive scale. It then provides a sequenced explanation that tsunamis are generated when the seafloor abruptly deforms and displaces the overlying water, such as during submarine earthquakes when tectonic plates shift. The closing statement notes that tsunamis cause great damage primarily from the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front as the sea level rises quickly and floods coastal areas with great force.
Explanation Text (Tsunami)
Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or cosmic impacts undersea. An earthquake typically triggers a tsunami by displacing large volumes of water and causing the water level to suddenly rise or lower. As the disturbed water moves away from the quake zone, it can travel hundreds of miles across the ocean and build into huge waves. When the wave approaches the shore it may grow huge and come onshore with devastating destructive power. Proper preparation and heeding warning signs can help minimize damage from tsunamis.
Explanation text presentation
Floods occur when the ground becomes saturated from heavy rain and can no longer absorb water, causing the water to remain on the surface and flow into rivers and seas. Severe storms can also cause rivers to overflow their banks, spilling water onto surrounding lands and creating devastating floods. Floods are the most common and costly natural disasters, responsible for around 90% of all natural disaster damage. Proper management of runoff and absorptive ground is needed to prevent flood waters from overflowing onto property.
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The document discusses a lesson on tsunamis for students, focusing on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It defines tsunamis and explains they are caused by undersea disturbances like earthquakes. It describes how the devastating 2004 tsunami was triggered by a magnitude 9 earthquake off Sumatra and discusses the tsunami's widespread impacts across South and Southeast Asia, killing over 200,000 people. The consequences section includes photos showing survivors seeking aid and mourning lost family members.
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Tsunamis are caused by large displacements of water, usually in oceans, that can be triggered by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or meteorite impacts. While tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths and periods in deep ocean waters, they can travel very fast at over 600 mph. When they reach shallow coastal waters, their energy causes the sea level to rise dramatically and flood inland areas. Proper planning, awareness of warning signs and evacuation routes can help minimize damage and save lives during a tsunami.
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A massive 9.0 magnitude underwater earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra in 2004, generating a devastating tsunami. The earthquake was caused by tectonic plate movement along a subduction zone. It displaced a massive volume of water, creating giant tsunami waves that spread out across the Indian Ocean. Over 230,000 people lost their lives due to the tsunami across many coastal regions in South and Southeast Asia.
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Earthquakes are caused by the release of energy in the Earth's crust due to movements of tectonic plates. The main types of fault that cause earthquakes are normal, reverse thrust, and strike-slip. Earthquakes produce seismic waves that damage buildings and infrastructure, endangering human life. They can also trigger tsunamis, which are large ocean waves that inundate coastal areas. Scientists are still working on predicting earthquakes, but earthquake-proofing of buildings has helped reduce risks in places like Japan and California that experience frequent seismic activity.
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Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that generates seismic waves. The location within the earth where rupture first occurs is known as the focus or hypocenter, while the point on the surface directly above is called the epicenter. Different types of seismic waves travel through the earth's interior or along its surface, causing shaking and damage. By measuring the arrival times of these waves at multiple seismograph stations, scientists can determine the epicenter location. Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale by magnitude or the Mercalli scale by observed intensity. India experiences frequent earthquakes and is divided into different seismic zones based on risk levels. Major quakes have caused widespread destruction and loss of life in
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Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The largest recorded earthquakes include a 9.5 magnitude quake in Chile in 1960 and a 9.0 magnitude quake in Japan in 2011. Earthquakes can cause significant damage through ground shaking, fault ruptures, landslides, fires, liquefaction, tsunamis, and floods. Proper construction and seismic building codes can help reduce damage from earthquakes.
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1) An earthquake is caused by the sudden release of elastic energy stored in rock along faults. This causes seismic waves that can be measured by seismographs.
2) The location and size of earthquakes are determined by analyzing seismic wave arrival times and amplitudes recorded by multiple seismographs. Larger quakes are capable of more destruction through ground shaking and triggering other hazards like tsunamis and landslides.
3) Earth has a layered internal structure consisting of a crust, mantle, and core based on differences in composition and physical properties. The crust and upper mantle form the rigid lithosphere, while the lower mantle and outer core are able to flow over long timescales.
Where do Earthquakes occur.pptx
Earthquakes occur along fault lines in the Earth's crust. When stress builds up along an active fault line and is suddenly released, seismic waves propagate outward from the hypocenter. There are five major active fault lines in the Philippines. Active faults are those which have recently experienced movement within the past 10,000 years and are capable of future seismic activity. Earthquakes can trigger tsunamis when the fault displacement occurs in an ocean basin, generating destructive waves that travel vast distances. Different types of seismic waves - P waves, S waves, and surface waves - travel through the Earth's interior and crust, providing information about its layered composition and physical properties at varying depths.
chapter7-150127030045-conversion-gate01.ppt
1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rock that has been subjected to great forces from tectonic plate movement. This causes the rock to break along faults, producing seismic waves.
2) Seismographs are used to measure and record earthquake waves, including P and S body waves and surface waves. Analysis of seismic wave arrival times from multiple seismographs can be used to locate the earthquake epicenter.
3) Earthquakes can cause widespread damage through ground shaking and secondary effects like tsunamis, landslides, fires, and liquefaction. The severity of damage depends on factors like earthquake magnitude, distance from the epicenter, and building construction quality.
Earthquakes and Earth’s Interior
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of elastic energy stored in rock. The focus is where the earthquake originates within the earth, and the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Seismographs record earthquake waves, including P and S body waves and surface waves, which can be used to locate the epicenter. Earth's interior consists of layers defined by composition - the crust, mantle, and core - and by physical properties like density and rigidity.
Tectonics preparedness slides
Fold mountains form along convergent plate boundaries where rock layers are compressed and fold upwards. Major fold mountains include the Rocky Mountains, Himalayas, and Alps. Rift valleys form along divergent boundaries as the plates pull apart, causing the land between them to drop down. Block mountains occur when sections of crust are pulled apart, leaving blocks behind with steep sides. Volcanoes form at divergent and convergent boundaries, with magma building shield volcanoes with gentle slopes or composite volcanoes with layered eruptions. Earthquakes occur along fault lines as tectonic plates slip past each other, potentially causing damage over large areas through shaking, tsunamis, fires, landslides and infrastructure disruption.
Presentation
Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves. It has four main branches: observational seismology which records earthquakes and catalogs them; engineering seismology which estimates seismic hazards; physical seismology which studies the interior of the Earth; and exploratory seismology which uses seismic methods for applications like oil exploration. The study of seismology helps us understand earthquakes, predict their effects, and design structures to withstand shaking. It provides insights by analyzing seismic waves recorded on seismograms at stations around the world.
Earthquake Engineering
This document discusses earthquakes, including their definition, causes, effects, and precautions. Some key points:
- An earthquake is caused by vibrations beneath the earth's surface due to shifting tectonic plates or other disturbances. They can be measured using seismographs.
- The Richter scale measures an earthquake's magnitude - larger quakes over 8.0 occur about once per year globally.
- Earthquakes generate seismic waves that travel through the earth, including P-waves, S-waves, and L-waves.
- Major effects of earthquakes include damage to buildings and infrastructure, tsunamis, landslides, and cracks in the ground.
- Precautions
EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS IN INDIAN CONTEXT.ppt
1. An earthquake occurs due to the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.
2. The focus is the point of origin of the earthquake below the surface, while the epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the surface.
3. Different types of seismic waves - P, S, Love, and Rayleigh waves - travel outward from the earthquake focus and epicenter.
Faults and earthquakes
1. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden slippage of rocks along faults, generating seismic waves that travel through the Earth. 2. Faults are classified based on the type of motion or displacement that occurs along them. 3. While earthquakes themselves do not directly kill people, buildings that collapse during quakes are the leading cause of earthquake deaths, with more robust structures withstanding quakes better.
Importance of forest
Earthquakes occur along faults when built-up elastic stress is suddenly released. Sensitive instruments around the world record seismic waves from earthquakes, which are used to determine the focus and epicenter. The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus. Magnitude scales such as the Richter scale are used to measure earthquake size based on wave amplitude. Structural damage from earthquakes depends on factors like ground shaking intensity and the nature of the material buildings are constructed on. Seismographs can also detect other seismic events like explosions, which seismologists use to investigate events like alleged nuclear tests.
structuraleq.ppt
Earthquakes occur along faults when built-up elastic stress is suddenly released. Sensitive instruments around the world record seismic waves from earthquakes, which are used to determine the focus and epicenter. The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus. Magnitude scales such as the Richter scale are used to measure earthquake size based on wave amplitude. Seismographs can also detect other seismic events like explosions, which have distinguishing seismic fingerprints that can be used for forensic analysis.
Chapter 1 gateway 1
The document discusses tectonic hazards from living in areas prone to natural disasters. It describes a deadly 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi in Indonesia that killed over 350 people and forced 300,000 from their homes, despite warnings. Some remained to care for cattle. It also discusses over 600,000 people living near the dangerous Mount Vesuvius volcano in Italy, which last erupted catastrophically in 79 CE. The chapter explores why some areas are more prone to tectonic hazards, landforms at plate boundaries, and earthquake preparedness and response.
Chapter 15 Lesson 1: Earthquakes
8th Grade Integrated Science Chapter 5 Lesson 1 on Earthquakes. This lesson covers a broad range of information including types of faults, earthquake distribution, types of seismic waves, the difference between focus and epicenter, as well as mapping Earth's interior. There is a section that introduces how to locate an epicenter. Additional labs have been added for practice. Finally the lesson ends with different scales including the Richter magnitude scale, the moment magnitude scale, and the Modified Mercalli scale.
EARTHQUAKE (25 to 30).pdf
Regarding Earthquake, remote sensing , GIS , Geography , Education . Geomorphism , earth activity , tectonic plates . daily problems , Occurance and effect
Plates
This document discusses natural hazards caused by tectonic and climate-related events. It provides details on the internal structure of the Earth, including the crust and mantle. It then focuses on plate tectonics, explaining the three main types of plate boundaries and associated landforms. Specific examples are given for each plate boundary type. The document also addresses causes of earthquakes and their impacts, as well as types and characteristics of volcanoes.
Natural-Hazard-and-Disaster-Preparedness.ppt
1) Earthquakes occur along fault lines in the earth's crust due to the buildup and release of stress as tectonic plates shift.
2) There are three main types of faults that can form from different types of stress: normal faults from tension, reverse faults from compression, and strike-slip faults from shear stress.
3) When stress is released along a fault, seismic waves are generated including faster P and S body waves and slower surface Love and Rayleigh waves.
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Tsunami
- 1. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level VAISHNAVI IX ‘A’
- 2. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake •Undersea earthquake •Magnitude 9.0 (Moment magni t ude s cal e)
- 3. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level Epicenter 150 KM west ofEpicenter 150 KM west of SumatraSumatra
- 4. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level FactsFacts • The earthquake came just three days after a magnitude 8.1 earthquake in an uninhabited region west of New Zealand • Possible connection between these two earthquakes • Possibility of a seismic chain reaction across neighboring plates has also been considered
- 5. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level Occurred along theOccurred along the subduction zone where thesubduction zone where the Indian dives under theIndian dives under the Eurasian PlateEurasian Plate
- 6. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level FactsFacts • Total energy released by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake exceeds the total amount of energy consumed in the U.S. in one month • Massive release of energy and shift in mass insignificantlyinsignificantly altered the Earth' s rotation
- 7. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 8. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level A tsunami (pronounced soo- NAA-mee) is a series of waves (called a "wave train") generated in a body of water by a pulsating or abrupt disturbance that vertically displaces the water column.
- 9. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level Anthony Liekens 15:30, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC) Tsunamis are created when: •Seafloor quickly changes shape •Water is displaced •Waves are formed as the displaced water mass, which is affected
- 10. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level Tsunami's are also mistakenly referred to as tidal waves as they often resemble a tide that keeps rising, rather than cresting waves when they reach shore. However, as they are not actually related to tides the term may be misleading, and its use is discouraged by scientists.
- 11. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 12. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level CharacteristicsCharacteristics • Move at high speeds • Can travel enormous distances with little energy loss • Can cause damage thousands of miles from its origin • May be several hoursseveral hours between its creation and its impact on the coast
- 13. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level http://msnbc.msn.com/id/6770108/
- 14. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level Warning SystemsWarning Systems Many countries around the Pacific, including Hawaii, have warning systems and evacuation procedures in the event of a serious tsunami.
- 15. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level Effects of TsunamisEffects of Tsunamis • Destruction of human life (100,000+) • Destruction of property • Spread of disease • Destruction of ecosystems
- 16. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 17. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level