Earth quakes 2
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An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Most earthquakes occur at boundaries where tectonic plates meet. The point of origin below the surface is called the focus, while the point above on the surface is the epicenter. Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale and can occur anywhere at any time, often in regions with volcanoes due to plate movement.
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The document discusses earthquakes, including what causes them, how they are measured, and some devastating examples. Earthquakes occur when tectonic plates shift underground, causing shaking and damage. They are most common near mountains where tectonic plates meet. Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale and seismometers, which detect ground vibrations. Some catastrophic quakes discussed include the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which triggered a tsunami killing over 230,000 people, and the 2010 Chile earthquake, an 8.8 magnitude quake felt by most of Chile's population.
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Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries and are caused by the buildup and sudden release of stress in rock. Rock can deform plastically or elastically under stress, and will break if stretched too far, releasing seismic energy. The type and strength of earthquake depends on the type of plate boundary, with transform boundaries producing moderate quakes, convergent boundaries producing strong deep quakes, and divergent boundaries producing weak shallow quakes.
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Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up strain energy along fault lines in the Earth's crust. Faults occur at boundaries between tectonic plates where the plates slide past each other. There are different types of faults such as normal, reverse, strike-slip and oblique. Earthquake waves called seismic waves radiate out from the hypocenter or focus of the earthquake. P-waves and S-waves are two types of seismic waves that travel through the Earth. Surface waves including Rayleigh and Love waves cause the most damage during an earthquake. Factors like magnitude, distance from the epicenter, local geology can influence earthquake intensity.
JRGK Earthquakes
Earthquakes occur along fault lines located at tectonic plate boundaries. When pressure builds up from plates moving in different directions, the rocks can suddenly break and slip past each other, releasing seismic waves. The focus is where the earthquake begins underground, and the epicenter is located above the focus on the surface. Different plate boundary types like divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries produce varying types and magnitudes of quakes.
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This document discusses faults and earthquakes. It describes how faults are fractures in the Earth's crust where earthquakes occur. There are different types of stresses that can cause faults, such as tensional, compressional, and shear stresses. Active faults have generated earthquakes within the last 10,000 years and may continue to do so, while inactive faults are not likely to produce future quakes. When rocks break along a fault, stored elastic energy is released as seismic energy in the form of seismic waves, causing earthquakes. Earthquakes are recorded by modern seismographs that detect seismic waves and produce seismograms. Earthquake preparedness is important, as described in the final section.
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Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries and are caused by the buildup and sudden release of stress in rock. Rock can deform plastically or elastically under stress, and will break if stretched too far, releasing seismic energy. The type and strength of earthquake depends on the type of plate boundary, with transform boundaries producing moderate quakes, convergent boundaries producing strong deep quakes, and divergent boundaries producing weak shallow quakes.
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Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up strain energy along fault lines in the Earth's crust. Faults occur at boundaries between tectonic plates where the plates slide past each other. There are different types of faults such as normal, reverse, strike-slip and oblique. Earthquake waves called seismic waves radiate out from the hypocenter or focus of the earthquake. P-waves and S-waves are two types of seismic waves that travel through the Earth. Surface waves including Rayleigh and Love waves cause the most damage during an earthquake. Factors like magnitude, distance from the epicenter, local geology can influence earthquake intensity.
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Earthquakes occur along fault lines located at tectonic plate boundaries. When pressure builds up from plates moving in different directions, the rocks can suddenly break and slip past each other, releasing seismic waves. The focus is where the earthquake begins underground, and the epicenter is located above the focus on the surface. Different plate boundary types like divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries produce varying types and magnitudes of quakes.
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This document summarizes an earthquake that occurred in Sikkim, India in 2011. It discusses the magnitude of the earthquake at 6.9 and the aftershocks that followed throughout the night. It then provides definitions and explanations of key earthquake terms like focus, epicenter, fault, body waves and surface waves. Finally, it discusses the impacts of the earthquake in Sikkim and surrounding areas, including damage to buildings and roads, relief efforts provided, and studies conducted on dams and infrastructure.
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Earthquakes are caused by the abrupt release of energy in the Earth. They can be measured using the Richter scale and recorded by seismographs. Seismic waves, including P, S, and surface waves, propagate out from the earthquake source and cause damage depending on their magnitude. Effects of earthquakes include destruction of buildings and infrastructure, soil damage, landslides, and tsunamis. Earthquake data provides information about the composition and structure of Earth's interior layers. Notable historical earthquakes include the 2011 earthquake in Lorca, Spain and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan.
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The document discusses earthquakes and related topics in three main sections. Section one describes how earthquakes are caused by movement along tectonic plate boundaries and outlines the different types of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. Section two explains how earthquakes are measured, located and recorded using seismographs. Section three discusses the damage earthquakes can cause to buildings and properties from ground shaking and liquefaction. It also describes tsunamis and provides safety tips for earthquake preparedness.
Faults and earthquakes
1. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden slippage of rocks along faults, generating seismic waves that travel through the Earth. 2. Faults are classified based on the type of motion or displacement that occurs along them. 3. While earthquakes themselves do not directly kill people, buildings that collapse during quakes are the leading cause of earthquake deaths, with more robust structures withstanding quakes better.
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Scientists measure earthquakes using two methods: magnitude and intensity. Magnitude refers to the energy released using the Richter scale, where each whole number increase is a tenfold increase in energy. Intensity refers to the effects experienced at a location and is measured using the modified Mercalli scale. Before the Richter scale was developed in the 1930s, people observed and mapped earthquake intensity effects to understand their impacts.
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1) The document discusses key concepts related to earthquakes including their location, cause, measurement, and impact.
2) Major concepts explained include the focus (where pressure is released underground), epicenter (location directly above the focus where damage is greatest), and Richter scale (method for measuring earthquake magnitude).
3) The document provides a table listing details of significant earthquakes from 1923 to 2008 including location, year, magnitude on the Richter scale, and deaths.
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1) An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.
2) Earthquakes are measured by their magnitude on the Richter scale or moment magnitude scale, with more powerful quakes causing greater damage.
3) Earthquakes can cause damage by shaking the ground and displacing structures, and larger offshore quakes can trigger dangerous tsunamis.
Earthquakes Presentation Final
Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. When stress builds between plates and is suddenly released, seismic waves propagate from the hypocenter or focus outward. Primary waves arrive first and are followed by more destructive secondary waves. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured to indicate its strength and potential damage, from small localized tremors to catastrophic quakes that can destroy buildings. It is important to improve construction practices, implement education and evacuation plans, and understand seismic risks to minimize harm from earthquakes.
Earthquake
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that generates seismic waves. Faults in the crust result from tectonic plate movements and cause earthquakes when the rocks on either side slip past each other due to accumulated elastic strain. The focus is the point where slippage originates underground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Seismographs installed worldwide record earthquake ground motions to study seismic activity.
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Earthquakes occur when rock underground breaks along faults due to pressure from movement of crustal plates. The breaking first starts at a focus point within the fault plane, where seismic energy is released. This energy travels outward in waves. The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus, and marks where shaking and potential damage is strongest. Most earthquakes originate in the upper 100km of the earth's crust. Shallow focus earthquakes tend to cause more destruction than deep focus earthquakes.
Earthquakes Extra Credit
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks that have been deformed by tectonic stresses over long periods of time. When the stresses overcome the friction holding rocks together along faults, the rocks rupture and slip rapidly, causing the shaking and waves that characterize an earthquake. Earthquakes can be measured by both intensity, which gauges damage levels, and magnitude, which relies on seismic data to estimate the energy released at the source. The largest recorded quakes have reached magnitudes of 9.5.
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Earthquakes occur when tectonic plates in the Earth's crust suddenly break and shift. Most scientists believe the crust is made up of these massive plates that are constantly moving slowly. When plates collide or move apart, it can cause volcanoes to form or earthquakes to happen. Volcanoes erupt when magma is pushed up from the Earth's mantle due to gas pressure. Major eruptions can destroy towns and bury them in lava, preserving structures and remains like the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelee volcano in St. Pierre, Martinique that killed 29,000 people. Plate tectonics and the movement of continents over millions of years is thought to be the reason landmasses take their current shapes and positions
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This document discusses earthquakes, including what causes them, how they are measured, and how scientists locate the epicenter. It provides the following key points:
- Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy within the earth from plate tectonics activity and faulting.
- They are measured using magnitude and intensity scales. Magnitude measures the size based on wave amplitude, while intensity measures the severity of shaking at a given location.
- Using data from three different seismographs, scientists can draw circles around each station marking the estimated distance to the epicenter. Where the circles intersect is the calculated location of the earthquake's epicenter.
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Earthquakes are caused by movements of the Earth's tectonic plates. When plates suddenly shift along a fault line, seismic waves are released and radiate outward from the epicenter. There are different types of seismic waves that travel through the Earth's crust and core at varying speeds. Scientists use seismographs to detect and measure the amplitude of seismic waves, assigning magnitudes to earthquakes according to the Richter Scale.
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This document discusses earthquake intensity and magnitude. It defines an earthquake as the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquake intensity is a measure of the effects on the Earth's surface based on the Mercalli scale, while magnitude measures the energy released using seismograph recordings. The document provides details on what causes earthquakes, the relationship between intensity and magnitude, and examples of intensity scales like the Modified Mercalli scale. Tables show the correlation between typical intensities and magnitudes.
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Scientists measure the magnitude of an earthquake using the Richter scale, which quantifies the amount of energy released by the earthquake based on the amplitude of seismic waves recorded by seismographs. The larger the amplitude, the higher the magnitude.
Focus and Epicenter:
Focus and Epicenter:
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Earthquakes are caused by the abrupt release of energy in the Earth. They can be measured using the Richter scale and recorded by seismographs. Seismic waves, including P, S, and surface waves, propagate out from the earthquake source and cause damage depending on their magnitude. Effects of earthquakes include destruction of buildings and infrastructure, soil damage, landslides, and tsunamis. Earthquake data provides information about the composition and structure of Earth's interior layers. Notable historical earthquakes include the 2011 earthquake in Lorca, Spain and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan.
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1. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden slippage of rocks along faults, generating seismic waves that travel through the Earth. 2. Faults are classified based on the type of motion or displacement that occurs along them. 3. While earthquakes themselves do not directly kill people, buildings that collapse during quakes are the leading cause of earthquake deaths, with more robust structures withstanding quakes better.
Measures of earthquakes
Scientists measure earthquakes using two methods: magnitude and intensity. Magnitude refers to the energy released using the Richter scale, where each whole number increase is a tenfold increase in energy. Intensity refers to the effects experienced at a location and is measured using the modified Mercalli scale. Before the Richter scale was developed in the 1930s, people observed and mapped earthquake intensity effects to understand their impacts.
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This document discusses different types of earthquakes, including tectonic, volcanic, collapse, and explosion earthquakes. It describes seismic waves and how they are studied by seismologists using seismographs. P-waves and S-waves are body waves that travel through the earth's interior, while surface waves such as Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel along the surface. Earthquake damage results from these waves and can include landslides, building damage, and liquefaction. The intensity of earthquakes is measured using the Modified Mercalli scale.
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1) The document discusses key concepts related to earthquakes including their location, cause, measurement, and impact.
2) Major concepts explained include the focus (where pressure is released underground), epicenter (location directly above the focus where damage is greatest), and Richter scale (method for measuring earthquake magnitude).
3) The document provides a table listing details of significant earthquakes from 1923 to 2008 including location, year, magnitude on the Richter scale, and deaths.
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1) An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.
2) Earthquakes are measured by their magnitude on the Richter scale or moment magnitude scale, with more powerful quakes causing greater damage.
3) Earthquakes can cause damage by shaking the ground and displacing structures, and larger offshore quakes can trigger dangerous tsunamis.
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Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. When stress builds between plates and is suddenly released, seismic waves propagate from the hypocenter or focus outward. Primary waves arrive first and are followed by more destructive secondary waves. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured to indicate its strength and potential damage, from small localized tremors to catastrophic quakes that can destroy buildings. It is important to improve construction practices, implement education and evacuation plans, and understand seismic risks to minimize harm from earthquakes.
Earthquake
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that generates seismic waves. Faults in the crust result from tectonic plate movements and cause earthquakes when the rocks on either side slip past each other due to accumulated elastic strain. The focus is the point where slippage originates underground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Seismographs installed worldwide record earthquake ground motions to study seismic activity.
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Earthquakes occur when rock underground breaks along faults due to pressure from movement of crustal plates. The breaking first starts at a focus point within the fault plane, where seismic energy is released. This energy travels outward in waves. The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus, and marks where shaking and potential damage is strongest. Most earthquakes originate in the upper 100km of the earth's crust. Shallow focus earthquakes tend to cause more destruction than deep focus earthquakes.
Earthquakes Extra Credit
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks that have been deformed by tectonic stresses over long periods of time. When the stresses overcome the friction holding rocks together along faults, the rocks rupture and slip rapidly, causing the shaking and waves that characterize an earthquake. Earthquakes can be measured by both intensity, which gauges damage levels, and magnitude, which relies on seismic data to estimate the energy released at the source. The largest recorded quakes have reached magnitudes of 9.5.
Volcanoes and earth quakes
Earthquakes occur when tectonic plates in the Earth's crust suddenly break and shift. Most scientists believe the crust is made up of these massive plates that are constantly moving slowly. When plates collide or move apart, it can cause volcanoes to form or earthquakes to happen. Volcanoes erupt when magma is pushed up from the Earth's mantle due to gas pressure. Major eruptions can destroy towns and bury them in lava, preserving structures and remains like the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelee volcano in St. Pierre, Martinique that killed 29,000 people. Plate tectonics and the movement of continents over millions of years is thought to be the reason landmasses take their current shapes and positions
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Earthquake engineering deals with understanding earthquakes, their causes, and designing structures to withstand earthquake forces. Seismic risk depends on the hazard level, local site conditions like soil type, and the vulnerability of structures. India is divided into four seismic hazard zones, and most large cities have moderate to high hazard levels. The damage from an earthquake at a given location is influenced by local soil conditions, which can amplify ground shaking. A structure's performance depends on both ground motions and its structural characteristics. Vulnerability in India is expected to be very high due to poor building construction practices. Information about hazard levels, site effects, and vulnerability can be combined to assess seismic risk, which remains high in India due to uncertainties and high vulnerability
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This document discusses earthquakes, including what causes them, how they are measured, and how scientists locate the epicenter. It provides the following key points:
- Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy within the earth from plate tectonics activity and faulting.
- They are measured using magnitude and intensity scales. Magnitude measures the size based on wave amplitude, while intensity measures the severity of shaking at a given location.
- Using data from three different seismographs, scientists can draw circles around each station marking the estimated distance to the epicenter. Where the circles intersect is the calculated location of the earthquake's epicenter.
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Earthquakes are caused by movements of the Earth's tectonic plates. When plates suddenly shift along a fault line, seismic waves are released and radiate outward from the epicenter. There are different types of seismic waves that travel through the Earth's crust and core at varying speeds. Scientists use seismographs to detect and measure the amplitude of seismic waves, assigning magnitudes to earthquakes according to the Richter Scale.
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This document discusses earthquake intensity and magnitude. It defines an earthquake as the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquake intensity is a measure of the effects on the Earth's surface based on the Mercalli scale, while magnitude measures the energy released using seismograph recordings. The document provides details on what causes earthquakes, the relationship between intensity and magnitude, and examples of intensity scales like the Modified Mercalli scale. Tables show the correlation between typical intensities and magnitudes.
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Scientists measure the magnitude of an earthquake using the Richter scale, which quantifies the amount of energy released by the earthquake based on the amplitude of seismic waves recorded by seismographs. The larger the amplitude, the higher the magnitude.
Focus and Epicenter:
Focus and Epicenter:
The focus of an earthquake is the point where the rocks start to fracture. It is the origin of the earthquake.
The epicenter is the point on land directly above the focus.
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Earth Quake
Earthquakes originate from sudden movements below the earth's surface that cause the ground to shake. Seismic waves travel outward from the earthquake focus, which is the point of origin inside the earth, to the epicenter, which is the point on the surface directly above the focus. Earthquakes are studied by the science of seismology using instruments like seismographs and Richter scales. Major effects of earthquakes include cracks in the ground, landslides, tsunamis, and damage to human life and structures. About 60% occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire region, including Chile, California, Alaska, Japan, and New Zealand. Establishing more seismic stations could help issue earthquake warnings.
EarthQuake.pptx
An earthquake is a violent and abrupt shaking of the ground, caused by movement between tectonic plates along a fault line in the earth's crust. Earthquakes can result in the ground shaking, soil liquefaction, landslides, fissures, avalanches, fires and tsunamis.
How do you describe an earthquake?
A large earthquake far away will feel like a gentle bump followed several seconds later by stronger rolling shaking that may feel like sharp shaking for a little while. A small earthquake nearby will feel like a small sharp jolt followed by a few stronger sharp shakes that pass quickly.
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The document discusses various topics related to earthquakes including what causes them, the different types of waves they produce, how their magnitude is measured, other disasters they can cause, and safety precautions. It explains that earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up stress in the Earth's crust from plate tectonic movement and fault slippage. P and S waves are body waves that pass through the Earth's interior while surface waves like Rayleigh and Love waves travel along its surface and can be very destructive. The Richter scale and Mercalli scale are used to measure the magnitude and intensity of shaking from quakes.
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Endogenous hazards such as earthquakes and volcanoes are caused by processes inside the Earth. Earthquakes occur along fault lines as tectonic plates shift and release built-up pressure. The magnitude is measured by the Richter scale. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as magma works its way to the surface. There are different types of volcanoes classified by their shape that can have explosive or effusive eruptions. Plate tectonics theory explains how the movement of plates causes earthquakes and volcanic activity at plate boundaries.
Mulvey power point for earthquake vocabulary
The document discusses earthquakes, including what causes them, how they are measured, and their effects. It defines earthquakes as occurring along faults in the earth's crust due to a buildup of pressure. When the pressure is released, seismic waves are generated and cause shaking and damage at the epicenter and surface. Earthquakes are measured by both magnitude scales and intensity scales that indicate their strength and damage. Major earthquakes can cause widespread destruction through ground shaking and secondary effects like tsunamis and landslides.
UN - 1 LA -103 GEOLOGY + SOILS Earth space origin and interior of the earth.pdf
This document discusses geology and soils, specifically focusing on the origin and interior of Earth, the early history of Earth including the origin of life and meaning of fossils, and earthquakes including their causes and effects as well as seismic zones in India. It provides details on theories of Earth's formation from accretion of planetesimals and plate tectonics. It describes early geological changes like folding and faulting. It also summarizes earthquakes as a result of plate movements, the different seismic wave types, and classifies India into seismic zones based on likelihood of damaging quakes.
Ch. 2, section 3 Internal Forces
The movement of tectonic plates causes various geological phenomena including volcanoes, mountains, and earthquakes. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide in subduction or collision zones, and transform where they slide past each other. Earthquakes occur when stress builds up at faults until the plates suddenly slip, releasing energy. Large earthquakes can generate tsunamis through displacement of water. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as magma rises from below the crust.
A RESEARCH BASED STUDY ON EARTHQUAKES (case study included)
A RESEARCH BASED STUDY ON EARTHQUAKES (case study included)
Earthquakes.
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust along faults. The Earth has layers including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Plate tectonics involves the movement of plates in the mantle which can cause earthquakes at plate boundaries. Earthquakes produce seismic waves that are measured with seismographs. The location of the earthquake is found using three seismograph locations. Building damage depends on factors like magnitude, soil type, and building construction quality.
Causes, Effects and Precautions against Earthquake
1. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep below the Earth's surface. As the plates shift and grind against each other, they release energy in the form of seismic waves.
2. Major earthquakes can cause widespread damage to infrastructure like buildings, bridges and dams, resulting in loss of life and property. They can also trigger secondary hazards such as landslides, tsunamis and fires.
3. Pakistan is prone to earthquakes, with major fault lines running along its western border. Some of the deadliest quakes in the country's history include the 2005 Kashmir earthquake that killed over 80,000 people and the 2013 Balochistan earthquake that killed 825.
Wow earthquake
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up energy along fault lines in the earth's crust. They begin at a focal point below the surface and radiate seismic waves outward. The location directly above the focus on the surface is called the epicenter, and it is where the most damage typically occurs. Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale, which quantifies the amount of energy released. Areas near tectonic plate boundaries and fault lines are more prone to earthquakes.
Earthquake Notes Summary
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up energy along fault lines in the earth's crust. They begin at a focal point below the surface and radiate seismic waves outward. The location directly above the focus on the earth's surface is called the epicenter, which is important for understanding where damage and shaking will be strongest. Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale, which quantifies the amount of energy released. Areas near fault lines are more susceptible to earthquakes, and the severity of shaking and damage depends on the quake's magnitude, distance from the epicenter, and local geology.
What is an Earthquake.docx
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep underground. The location where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the point directly above on the surface is the epicenter. Earthquakes can cause significant damage through ground shaking, surface ruptures, landslides, liquefaction, tsunamis and fires. While earthquakes also lead to some benefits like forming natural springs and mineral resources, they typically have many negative effects such as damage to buildings and infrastructure, loss of lives, and economic impacts.
Earthquakes and cyclones
Earthquakes result from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves and can destroy buildings and kill thousands. They occur when tectonic plates collide under the Earth's surface, with the focus being where the plates meet and the epicenter being where the shaking is felt above. Earthquakes are measured using seismometers on scales such as the moment magnitude and Richter scales.
Earthquake PPT.ppt
This document provides information about earthquakes, including what causes them, where they occur, and how they are measured. It discusses how tectonic plate movement can build stress along faults, causing rocks to break and release energy in the form of seismic waves. There are three main types of faults and three types of seismic waves. Earthquakes are located using seismographs to measure the arrival times of P and S waves at multiple stations, then triangulating the epicenter where the circles intersect. The largest earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale.
Earthquake PPT.ppt
This document provides information about earthquakes, including what causes them, where they occur, and how they are measured. It discusses how tectonic plate movement can build stress along faults, causing rocks to break and release energy in the form of seismic waves. There are three main types of faults and three types of seismic waves. Earthquakes are located using seismographs to measure the arrival times of P and S waves at multiple stations, then triangulating the epicenter where the circles intersect. The largest earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale.
Earthquake PPT.ppt
This document provides information about earthquakes, including what causes them, where they occur, and how they are measured. It discusses how tectonic plate movement can build stress along faults, causing rocks to break and release energy in the form of seismic waves. There are three main types of faults and three types of seismic waves. Earthquakes are located using seismographs to measure the arrival times of P and S waves at multiple stations, then triangulating the epicenter where the circles intersect. The largest earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale.
Earthquake PPT.ppt
Earthquakes are caused by the buildup and sudden release of stress along faults in the Earth's crust. When the stress becomes too great, the rock breaks and seismic waves are released. There are three main types of seismic waves - P waves, S waves, and surface waves. Scientists can locate the epicenter of an earthquake by measuring the arrival times of seismic waves at multiple seismograph stations and using triangulation. The Richter Scale is used to measure the magnitude or energy released by an earthquake.
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UN - 1 LA -103 GEOLOGY + SOILS Earth space origin and interior of the earth.pdf
UN - 1 LA -103 GEOLOGY + SOILS Earth space origin and interior of the earth.pdf
A RESEARCH BASED STUDY ON EARTHQUAKES (case study included)
A RESEARCH BASED STUDY ON EARTHQUAKES (case study included)
Causes, Effects and Precautions against Earthquake
Causes, Effects and Precautions against Earthquake
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2. Igneous rocks form from cooled lava and magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed layers of sediment and may contain fossils, and metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks subjected to heat and pressure.
3. The rock cycle diagram shows how rocks continuously change from one type to another through geological processes over long periods of time.
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Earth quakes 2
- 1. Earthquake An earthquake (also known as a tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves
- 2. Earthquakes strike suddenly, without warning Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year and at any time of the day or night On a yearly basis, 70 to 75 powerful earthquakes occur throughout the world An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the Earth caused by the movement of huge plates that form the surface of the Earth
- 3. Sometimes the plate movement is gradual At other times, the plates are locked together, unable to release the accumulating energy The plates break free causing the ground to shake
- 4. Most earthquakes occur at the boundaries where the plates meet
- 5. Some earthquakes occur in the middle of plates An earthquake is just like throwing a stone in a pond of water
- 6. The point of disturbance below the surface of the Earth is called, FOCUS
- 7. The point directly above the FOCUS on the surface of the Earth is called, EPICENTRE
- 8. The vibrations are called SEISMIC WAVES
- 9. The study of earthquake waves is known as SEISMOLOGY The experts who study the pattern of earthquakes are known as SEISMOLOGISTS The machine which records the intensity of earthquake is known as SEISMOGRAPH
- 10. The recordings of the SEISMOGRAPH are converted into the actual intensity of the quake by using RICHTER SCALE
- 11. Earthquakes measuring above Charles Richter Richter scale was invented by 6 on the scale are very destructive in 1935 Earthquakes are experienced in the same regions where volcanoes are situated
- 12. Earthquake in INDIA Himalayan region is prone to earthquakes Deccan plateau had earthquakes rarely and is considered safe from earthquakes
- 13. Some destructive earthquakes rocked India Uttarkashi (Uttarkhand) 1991 Latur (Maharashrta) 1993 Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) 1997 Chamoli (Uttarkhand) 1999 Bhuj (Gujarat) 2001 Jammu & Kashmir 2005 Pak- Occupied Kashmir 2007
- 14. Assignment for the day Define earthquake. W hat is the reason for the shaking of the earth? W is focus? hat W is epicentre? hat Define seismic waves? How do they travel? Explain the measurement of earthquakes. W do earthquakes take place in the plate hy boundaries?
- 15. Kobe Earthquake, 17 jan 1995 Japan is a country affected by earthquakes. It is located where the EURASIAN plate, PACIFIC plate and the PHILIPPINE plate meet.