Tropical rainforests have high biodiversity and receive abundant rainfall. They regulate the Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. Rainforests are found between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn and have warm temperatures year-round. They can be divided into four layers - emergent, upper canopy, lower canopy, and forest floor. While rainforests cover only a small portion of the Earth's surface, they are home to most of its plant and animal species. The largest threats to rainforests are deforestation through logging and mining activities, which degrade habitat and increase greenhouse gases.

1. TROPICAL RAINFOREST
BY: J.Q

2. Tropical Rainforests
• Noted for their diversity in plants.
- A 10 square kilometer area of tropical rainforest may contain
1500 species of flowering plants and up to 750 species of trees.
• The richest area is the lowland tropical forest of
peninsular Malaysia which contain 7900 species.
• Temperatures are warm through the year and rainfall
occur almost daily.
• Tropical Rainforests are forests that contain a lot of trees.
It rains very much and in some rainforests it rains more
than an inch everyday.

3. WORLD RAINFOREST

4. • Tropical Rainforest
Rainforests can be divided into “ 4 layers” from
the top to the bottom.

5. Emergent Layer
The tallest trees are the
emergents, growing as
much as 50 metres above
the forest floor with trunks
that measure up to 4 metres
around. And are extremely
tall, umbrella shaped trees
Most of these trees are
broad-leaved, hardwood
evergreens.
This layer receives a lot of
sunlight but are also exposed
to winds which can dry up their
leaves

6. Upper Canopy Layer
This is the main layer of
the forest, and forms a
roof over the lower
layers.
Also known as upper
canopy
Most canopy trees have
smooth, oval leaves that
come to a point.
Most of the animals live,
because most of the food is
available here
takes up most of the
remaining light, blocking
the lower levels from

7. Lower Canopy Layer
Also known as understory
Not very much sunshine
reaches this area, so the
plants have to grow
larger leaves to reach the
sunlight.
Many animals live here,
tree frogs and lots of
insects
Humidity is very high here
and it is in constant shade.
.

8. Forest Floor Very dark, so almost no plants
grow.
Things begin to decay quickly
- a leaf can decompose in 6
weeks.completely dark.
Most of the life here consists of worms and
fungi
As a result of the physical stratification of
the rain forests, there is no dominant
species. Each plant or animal thrives on its
own layer due to conditions that it finds
favorable.

9. Location
• Tropical Rainforests are found in Africa, Asia ,Australia,
and Central and South America.
• The largest Rainforest in the world is the Amazon
Rainforest.
• Rainforests are also found in the tropics between the
Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer.
Climate
• Rainforests stabilize the earth’s climate by absorbing the
carbon dioxide (CO2) and then produces oxygen (O2).
• In this part of the region the sun is very strong and shines about
the same amount of time every day, all year long making the
climate warm and stable.
• Rainforests also affect local weather conditions by creating
rainfall and moderating temperatures.

10. Rainforest

11. Plant Life in Rain Forests
• 2/3 of the world’s plants are found in the Tropical Rainforests.
• The plants there provide shelter and food for all the species of
animals. As well as absorbing the CO2 (carbon dioxide) and
releasing the O2 (oxygen).
• Tropical Rainforest plants live in a warm and humid
environment which allows a huge variation rare in more of the
temperate climates.
Commonly found plants in rainforest
1. Epiphytes
2. Climbers
3. Stranglers

12. Animal Life in Rainforests
• Rainforests are tremendously rich in animal life.
• Rainforests are populated with many insects, arachnids,
reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals
Different animals live in different strata of the
rainforest.
• Birds live in the canopy (upper leaves of the trees) and in the
emergents (the tops of the tallest trees).
• Jaguars and other animals generally live on the forest floor, but
others (like howler monkeys and sloths) are arboreal (living in
trees).

13. Tropical Rainforests
Subtypes of Rainforests
• Lowland rainforest – abundant of trees, ferns, and small
plants. Lowland rainforests contain the tallest trees of all the
types of rainforest, with the largest variety of species
• Cloud forests – forest that is wrapped in clouds and mists.
• Swamp forests – occupy perennially wet soils and peat forests
grow on nutrient poor ones.
• Gallery forests – a stretch of forest along a river in an area of
otherwise open country and follow river courses into
savannah.

14. • Lowland Rainforest Swamp forest
• Cloud Forest Gallery forest

15. • TROPICAL RAINFOREST
PHILIPPINES

16. Importance of Rainforests
• Rainforests turn carbon dioxide
into oxygen and reduce the
greenhouse effect.
• Rainforests plants provide sources
of medicines.
• Rainforests are the only home of
many rare animals.
• They also act as a carbon sink,
trapping amounts of carbon
dioxide which would have
otherwise escaped into the
atmosphere and which would have
contributed to more global
warming.

17. • source of life
• Tropical rainforests cover less than two
percent of Earth's surface, but house an
estimated 50 percent of all life on the planet.
• key source of numerous ecological services
which benefit many living creatures on earth.
• Forest watersheds help maintain the water
cycle.
• Forest vegetation absorbs large amounts of
water which prevent flooding and bind the soil
to prevent erosion.
• In the Philippines alone, our forests contain
around 663 million metric tons of carbon in
living forest biomass.

18. • serve as habitat and food supply source to a wide range of flora
and fauna.
• In the Philippines alone, 25 million or 33% of the total population
in 2000 live in or near forestlands and are dependent on these for
a significant portion of their livelihood.
• country's 12 million indigenous peoples are also usually located
within forestlands.
• According to the World Conservation Monitoring Centre of the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP-WCMC), the
Philippines ranks 25th among countries with highest number of
amphibian, bird, mammal, reptile, and vascular plant species,
counting around 10,127 species Of this number, 6,091 plant
species (or 65.8 percent of a total of 9,253 species) and 591
vertebrates (out of 1,309 species) are endemic, of found nowhere
else in the world.
• only seven percent of forests now remain as original habitat for
these species, according to non-government organization (NGO)
Conservation International,
• fourth in the list of the World’s 10 Most Threatened Forest
Hotspots last February. 2011

19. Human Impacts on Rainforest
The biggest causes of rainforest
destruction are:
• Deforestation
• Mining

20. • Deforestation
• - cutting down of tress from an area of land
• - Illegal logging
Environmental Impacts:
- Loss of biodiversity
- Soil erosion
- Flooding
- Global warming

21. • Illegal Logging in the Philippines:
• Davao

22. Illegal Logging in the Philippines:
Sierra Madre Cagayan
De Oro

23. Illegal Logging in the Philippines:
Guinsangon Leyte

24. • Mining - the process of removing
minerals from the ground
• Environmental Impacts of Mining
- Acid mine drainage
- Soil erosion
- Formation of sinkhole
- Loss of biodiversity
- Contamination of soil,
air, groundwater and surface water
- Acid Mine drainage
- Acid Rain

25. • Mining in the Philippines
Nueva Viscaya

26. • Mining in the Philippines

27. • The End…
• Credits to J.Q