Ocular nerve palsies are tricky to understand and are confusing. Learning the features by correlating with the anatomy make it easy.
These are both congenital and acquired.
With differential diagnosis and by proper stepwise ocular evaluation takes us to final diagnosis.
EATING DISORDERS (Psychiatry-7)by dr Shivam sharma.pptxShivam Sharma
For any queries ,contact shvmshrm@outlook.com
---
## Introduction to Eating Disorders
Welcome to this comprehensive presentation on Eating Disorders, a critical and often misunderstood area of mental health. This presentation is designed to provide in-depth knowledge and insights into the various aspects of eating disorders, making it valuable for both postgraduate medical aspirants preparing for the INI-CET and the general public seeking to understand these complex conditions.
### Objectives:
1. **Understanding Eating Disorders**: Gain a clear understanding of what eating disorders are, their types, and their distinguishing characteristics.
2. **Etiology and Risk Factors**: Explore the underlying causes and risk factors that contribute to the development of eating disorders.
3. **Clinical Features and Diagnosis**: Learn about the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and the importance of early detection.
4. **Management and Treatment**: Review the current approaches to managing and treating eating disorders, including medical, psychological, and nutritional interventions.
5. **Prevention and Awareness**: Discuss strategies for prevention, early intervention, and increasing awareness about eating disorders.
This presentation aims to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and practical understanding, providing you with the tools to recognize, diagnose, and effectively manage eating disorders. Whether you are preparing for a medical exam or seeking to educate yourself or others about these serious conditions, this presentation will equip you with essential information and practical insights.
Let's begin our journey into understanding eating disorders and the significant impact they have on individuals and society.
---
For any queries ,contact shvmshrm@outlook.com
Ocular nerve palsies are tricky to understand and are confusing. Learning the features by correlating with the anatomy make it easy.
These are both congenital and acquired.
With differential diagnosis and by proper stepwise ocular evaluation takes us to final diagnosis.
EATING DISORDERS (Psychiatry-7)by dr Shivam sharma.pptxShivam Sharma
For any queries ,contact shvmshrm@outlook.com
---
## Introduction to Eating Disorders
Welcome to this comprehensive presentation on Eating Disorders, a critical and often misunderstood area of mental health. This presentation is designed to provide in-depth knowledge and insights into the various aspects of eating disorders, making it valuable for both postgraduate medical aspirants preparing for the INI-CET and the general public seeking to understand these complex conditions.
### Objectives:
1. **Understanding Eating Disorders**: Gain a clear understanding of what eating disorders are, their types, and their distinguishing characteristics.
2. **Etiology and Risk Factors**: Explore the underlying causes and risk factors that contribute to the development of eating disorders.
3. **Clinical Features and Diagnosis**: Learn about the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and the importance of early detection.
4. **Management and Treatment**: Review the current approaches to managing and treating eating disorders, including medical, psychological, and nutritional interventions.
5. **Prevention and Awareness**: Discuss strategies for prevention, early intervention, and increasing awareness about eating disorders.
This presentation aims to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and practical understanding, providing you with the tools to recognize, diagnose, and effectively manage eating disorders. Whether you are preparing for a medical exam or seeking to educate yourself or others about these serious conditions, this presentation will equip you with essential information and practical insights.
Let's begin our journey into understanding eating disorders and the significant impact they have on individuals and society.
---
For any queries ,contact shvmshrm@outlook.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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TEST BANK For Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 11th Edition by Marilyn...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK For Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 11th Edition by Marilyn Hockenberry, Cheryl Rodgers, Verified Chapters 1 - 31, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Why invest into infodemic management in health emergenciesTina Purnat
A lecture discussing the challenge of health misinformation and information ecosystem in public health, how this impacts demand promotion in health, and how this then relates to responding to misinformation and infodemics in health emergencies. Appended with lots of tools, guidance and resources for people who want to do more reading.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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2. • 4TH cranial nerve
• Motor in function, supplies only
superior oblique
• Only cranial nerve that arises from
the dorsal aspect of the brain
• Only cranial nerve to cross
completely to the other side (arises
from the contralateral nucleus)
• Longest and thinnest of all cranial
nerves
3. FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS
• SOMATIC EFFERENT- movement of the eyeball through superior
oblique muscle
• GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT- proprioceptive impulses from superior
oblique relayed in mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
4. NUCLEUS
• Midbrain- Ventromedial part of
central gray matter at the level
of inferior colliculus
• Caudal to and continuous with
3rd nerve nucleus complex
• Belongs to somatic efferent
column of nuclei and closely
related to medial longitudinal
bundle
5.
6. CONNECTIONS OF THE NUCLEUS
• CEREBRAL CORTEX-
• Motor cortex (precentral gyrus) corticonuclear tracts
• Visual cortex superior colliculus & tactobulbar tract
• Frontal eye fields
• Nuclei of 3rd, 6th & 8th cranial nerves medial longitudinal bundle
• Superior colliculi descenginf predorsal bundle
• Vertical & torsional gaze centres
• Cerebellum vestibular nuclei
7. COURSE AND DISTRIBUTION
• PARTS
1. Fascicular part
2. Precavernous part
3. Intracavernous part
4. Intraorbital part
8. FASCICULAR PART
• Nucles efferent fibres
posteriorly around the
aqueductal gray matter
anterior medullary velum
decussate completely
9. PRECAVERNOUS PART
• Superior medullary vellum frenulum
veli (below inf. colliculus) dorsal
aspect of midbrainjust above
pons winds around cerebral
peduncle b/w posterior cerebral &
superior cerebellar arteries lateral
to cerebral peduncle posterior
corner of roof of cavernous sinus
10.
11. INTRACAVERNOUS PART
• Cavernous sinus lateral wall
below oculomotor + above 1st
div of trigeminal ant part
crosses over 3rd nerve lateral
part of superior orbital fissure
12. INTRAORBITAL PART
• Superior orbital fissure above
the origin of LPS orbital
surface of superior oblique
• Extra fibres in intraorbital part
carry proprioceptive impulses
join ophthalmic division of 5th
nerve in cavernouos
sinusrelay in mesencephalic
nucleus of 5th nerve
13.
14. SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE
• PRIMARY POSITION OF GAZE
• Primary action- INTORSION (along A-P axis)
• Secondary action- DEPRESSION (along horizontal
axis)
• Tertiary action- ABDUCTION ( along vertical axis)
• GLOBE 51° ADDUCTED
• Axis of muscle rotation coincides with optical axis
• DEPRESSION only
• GLOBE 39° ABDUCTED
• Optical axis and line of pull of muscle mae an angle
of 90°
• INTORSION only
15. 4th NERVE PARALYSIS
1. CONGENITAL- 40%
2. TRAUMA- 34%
• Usually bilateral
• Impact on anterior medullary velum at decussation
3. IDIOPATHIC- 20%
4. VASCULAR AND NEUROGENIC- 3-5%
• in older individuals microvasculopathy secondary to diabetes
atherosclerosis or hypertension
• Aneyrusms and tumor
• Ocular myasthenia- isolated unilateral
• SO palsy is most common form of paralytic squint
16. CLINICAL FEATURES
• The features of nuclear , fasicular and
peripheral 4th nerve palsies are
clinically identical
• nuclear lesions produce
CONTRALATERAL superior oblique
weakness.
SYMPTOMS :
DIPLOPIA : Acute onset of a vertical
diplopia, which is more on downward
gaze ,it is noted by patients while
coming down stairs and while doing
near work.
17. SIGNS :
1)HYPERTROPIA – the involved eye is
higher as a result of weakness of the
superior oblique muscle, which
becomes more prominent when the
head is tilted towards the ipsilateral
shoulder
2)RESTRICTED OCULAR MOVEMENTS:
there is limitation of depression on
adduction.
18. 3)ABNORMAL HEAD POSTURE:
to avoid diplopia ,head takes a
posture towards the action of the
superior oblique muscle, face is
slightly turned to the opposite side,
chin is depressed, and head is tilted
towards the opposite side.
HEAD IS TILTED TO THE RIGHT.
FACE IS TURNED TO THE RIGHT.
CHIN IS DEPRESSED