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Trematoda
- 2. 2 Trematodes General Characteristics Leaf-like form unless Schistosomatidae, no coelom Motile organs: oral sucker (anterior sucker) and ventral sucker (acetabulum/posterior sucker) Digestive system: begins at the mouth i/t center of oral sucker pharynxesoph. intestineblind end, no anus Excretory system: excretory bladder
- 3. 3 Trematodes General Characteristics Genital system: hermaphroditic unless Schistosomatidae Operculated eggs, unless those of Schistosomatidae Require two intermediate hosts, unless Schistosomatidae
- 4. 4 Trematodes General Life Cycle Eggs laid by adults appear outside w/ excretion o/t final host Eggs hatch in watermiracidiainvade or eaten by 1st i’mediate host (snail) Miracidia sporocysts rediae cercariae in the body of snail (increasing in number) Cercaria come out o/t snail, swim i/t water invade the 2nd i’mediate host metacercariae The final hosts are infected by metacercariae by eating the 2nd i’mediate hosts adult
- 5. 5 Schistosomatidae General Characteristics Blood flukes Requires 1 intermediate host Egg has no operculum Bifurcated tail cercaria Sexually dimorphic, male and female live together Anterior part contains 2 suckers
- 7. 7 Schistosomatidae General Characteristics Four species, which can be mature in human body are: Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mekongi
- 8. 8 Schistosoma japonicum General Distributed in Far East Asia e.g. Japan, China, Thailand, Philippine, Malaysia and Indonesia Causes schistosomiasis japonica, Katayama disease Sexually dimorphic Habitat is superior mesenteric vein and branches of final host Final host is humans Reservoir hosts are other mammals Intermediate host is Ochomelania spp. snail
- 9. 9 Schistosoma japonicum Morphology Egg is short ovoid and not operculated, has lateral knob, and contains miracidium Bifucated tail cercaria
- 10. 10 Schistosoma japonicum Morphology Female: Long and slender, measuring about 20 mm long The ovary is located in the middle part o/t body length Covered w/ small spines on their surface
- 11. 11 Schistosoma japonicum Morphology Male: About 15 mm long and broader than the female, the body rolled ventrally to form a groove, canalis gynecophorus, into which the female worm fits There are about 6-8 testes on the dorsal side behind the ventral sucker Smooth body surface
- 12. 12 Schistosoma japonicum Life Cycle Eggs in the feces o/t final host hatches i/t watermiracidium Miracidium invades the Onchomelania sporocyst rediae cercaria Cercaria comes out o/t snail and infects a final host by adhering to the body surface w/ its suckers and penetrating the skin They move to the portal vein superior mesenteric vein and develop into adults
- 14. 14
- 15. 15 Schistosoma mansoni General Distributed in African continent, Middle East, and South America Causes intestinal bilharziasis Sexually dimorphic Habitat is inferior mesenteric vein and branches of final host Final host is humans Reservoir hosts are other mammals Intermediate host is Biomphalaria spp. snail
- 16. 16 Schistosoma mansoni Morphology Egg is large, averaging 150x60 m without an operculum, has lateral spine, and contains miracidium Bifucated tail cercaria
- 17. 17 Schistosoma mansoni Morphology Female: Slightly smaller than that of S. japonicum, measuring 7-16 mm long The ovary is located 1/3 the body length from the anterior end Covered w/ small spines on their surface
- 18. 18 Schistosoma mansoni Morphology Male: About 6-12 mm long and broader than the female, canalis gynecophorus There are about 8-9 testes on the dorsal side behind the ventral sucker There are many wart-like projections on the body surface, many spines grow on the warts
- 19. 19 Schistosoma mansoni Life Cycle The cycle is similar to that of S. japonicum Intermediate host is Biomphalaria spp. Cercariae invade the final host through the skin, and grow to adults in various veins of the portal system, especially inferior mesenteric vein.
- 20. 20 Schistosoma haematobium General Distributed widely in African continent, especially n the Nile Delta Causes Egyptian hematuria, vesical or urinary bilharziasis Sexually dimorphic Habitat is urinary vein and veins of pelvic cavity Final host is humans Reservoir hosts are other mammals Intermediate host: various freshwater snails, especially Bulinus spp
- 21. 21 Schistosoma haematobium Morphology Egg is equal with that of S. mansoni without an operculum, has terminal spine, and contains miracidium Bifucated tail cercaria
- 22. 22 Schistosoma haematobium Morphology Female: Similar to that of S. japonicum, measuring about 20 mm long The ovary is located 1/3 the body length from the posterior end Covered w/ small spines on their surface
- 23. 23 Schistosoma haematobium Morphology Male: About 10-15 mm long and broader than the female, canalis gynecophorus There are about 4-5 testes on the dorsal side behind the ventral sucker Covered by wart-like projections on the body surface, no spines on the warts
- 24. 24 Schistosoma haematobium Life Cycle Similar to that of other Schistosomes, only that the eggs appear in the urine o/t final host Intermediate host is especially Bulinus snail Cercariae invade the human skin, basically follow the same way for the other species, and settles in veins o/t pelvic cavity rather than of the portal system
- 25. 25 Liver flukes Fasciola hepatica Fasciola gigantica Opistorchis viverrini Clonorchis sinensis
- 26. 26 Fasciola hepatica General Family Fasciolidae Distributed entirely over Europe, southeastern Africa, America continents, Oceania, and Japan Final host: originally ruminants, occasionally humans Required 2 intermediate host; 1st is fresh water snail (Lymnaea spp.), 2nd is water plants
- 27. 27 Fasciola hepatica Characteristics Adult: flat and leaf-like, 2-3 cm in length, 1 cm in width, cephalic cone structure in the anterior end Complicated-branched intestine Branched testis, branched ovary, coiled uterus Vitelline gland has complicated branches, spread all over the lateral body
- 30. 30 Fasciola hepatica Eggs Egg is largest among those of Trematodes Eggshell is thin, light yellow, operculated Contains egg cell
- 31. 31
- 32. 32 Fasciola gigantica General Family Fasciolidae Distributed in Africa, southeast Asia, Hawai, India, Pakistan Life cycle resembles that of F. hepatica
- 33. 33 Fasciola gigantica Characteristics Adult: large, thin, and long Cephalic cone is not very obvious The internal structure is similar to the previous one Egg is similar to other Fasciolidae
- 35. 35 Clonorchis sinensis General Family Opistorchiidae Distributed in Far East Asia Clonorchis means branched testis Final host: humans Intermediate hosts: 1st is water snail Bulinus and Parafossarulus manchouricus, 2nd is Cyprinidae fish
- 36. 36 Clonorchis sinensis Characteristics Adult: about 15x4 mm Oral is slightly larger than ventral sucker Branched testis, lobulated ovary Long, coiled uterus Simple intestines Vitelline gland is distributed in 1/3 center of the lateral body
- 38. 38 Clonorchis sinensis Characteristics Egg is very small, approx. 30x16m Small operculum Contains miracidium
- 39. 39
- 40. 40 Opistorchis viverrini General First found in cat liver, nevertheless it easily infects humans Distibuted in Southern Asia, esp. in Thailand Intermediate hosts: 1st is water snail Bythinia, 2nd is fresh water fishes Life cycle is similar to previous species
- 41. 41 Opistorchis viverrini Characteristics Internal structure of adult resembles that of C. sinensis, only for the shape of testis and vitelline gland Testes are lobulated, diagonally placed Vitelline gland is also different Egg is not easy to distinguish from that of C. sinensis
- 42. 42 Comparison Opistorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis