Treatment options for pressure sores include regularly changing position, using special mattresses to reduce pressure, and dressings to help healing. In more severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove dead tissue, close wounds, and speed recovery. Regular repositioning helps relieve pressure and prevent sores from worsening. Specialized dressings, mattresses, antibiotics and debridement can aid the healing process, while surgery risks include infection but can help seal wounds.
Back care consists of cleaning and massaging back (from shoulder to lower level of the buttocks) by using scientific form of required strokes for maximizing cutaneous stimulation, comfort and emotional relaxation as well.
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Objectives of learning pressure ulcer
evaluate the strengths and limitations of pressure ulcer guidelines; discuss the challenges related to clinical trials in the domain of pressure ulcers; discuss methods and educational strategies for implementing pressure ulcer prevention and treatment protocols in practice.
Back care consists of cleaning and massaging back (from shoulder to lower level of the buttocks) by using scientific form of required strokes for maximizing cutaneous stimulation, comfort and emotional relaxation as well.
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Objectives of learning pressure ulcer
evaluate the strengths and limitations of pressure ulcer guidelines; discuss the challenges related to clinical trials in the domain of pressure ulcers; discuss methods and educational strategies for implementing pressure ulcer prevention and treatment protocols in practice.
this topic is on bed sores. discusses the definition, etiology , pathophysiology of bed sore development as well as prevention and managemene of pressure sores
Bed sores, also known as pressure ulcers, pressure sores or decubitus ulcers are skin lesions which can be caused by friction, humidity, temperature, continence, medication, shearing forces, age and unrelieved pressure. Any part of the body may be affected; bony or cartilaginous areas, such as the elbows, knees, ankles and sacrum are most commonly affected. The sacrum is a triangular bone at the base of the spine and the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity (like a wedge between the two hip bones).
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
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Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patientās body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
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Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
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Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.Ā
WHO launched theĀ Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS)Ā in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctorsā offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Ā Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases ofĀ Clostridoides difficileĀ occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died.Ā The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratoryĀ
Ā to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
2. Treatment of pressure sores/ulcers
ā¢ Treatment options for pressure ulcers
(sores) typically include regularly
changing your position, using special
mattresses to reduce or relieve pressure,
and dressings to help heal the ulcer. In
some cases, surgery may be needed.
3. CHANGING POISTOPNS
ā¢ Moving and regularly changing your position helps to
relieve the pressure on ulcers that have already
developed. It also helps prevent pressure ulcers
developing.
ā¢ After your care team has carried out an assessment of
your risk of developing pressure ulcers, they will draw
up a repositioning timetable. This states how often
you need to move, or be moved if you're unable to
do so yourself.
4. CHANGING POSITIONS
ā¢ For some people, this may be as often as once every
15 minutes. Others may need to be moved only once
every two to four hours.
ā¢ You may also be given training and advice about:
ā¢ correct sitting and lying positions
ā¢ how you can adjust your sitting and lying positions
ā¢ how best to support your feet to relieve pressure on
your heels
ā¢ any special equipment you need and how to use it
5. MATTRESSES AND CUSHIONS
ā¢ If you're at risk of getting pressure ulcers or have
a minor ulcer, your care team will recommend a
specially designed static foam or dynamic mattress.
ā¢ If you have a more serious ulcer, you will require a
more sophisticated mattress or bed system, such as a
mattress connected to a pump that delivers
a constant flow of air into the mattress itself.
6. DRESSING
ā¢ Specially designed dressings can be used to protect
pressure ulcers and speed up the healing
process.These dressings include:
ā¢ Alginate dressings ā these are made from seaweed
and contain sodium and calcium, which are known to
speed up the healing process.
ā¢ Hydrocolloid dressings ā contain a special gel that
encourages the growth of new skin cells in the ulcer,
while keeping the surrounding healthy skin dry.
9. CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
ā¢ Topical antiseptic or antimicrobial (antibiotic) creams
and ointments aren't usually recommended for
treating pressure ulcers.
ā¢ But barrier creams may be needed to protect skin
that's been damaged or irritated by incontinence.
10. ANTIBIOTICS
ā¢ Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat an infected
ulcer or if you have a serious infection, such as:
ā¢ Blood poisoning (sepsis).
ā¢ Bacterial infection of tissues under the skin (cellulitis).
ā¢ Infection of the bone (osteomyelitis).
13. REMOVING DAMAGE TISSUE
(DEBRIDEMENT)ā¢ In some cases, it may be necessary to remove dead
tissue from the pressure ulcer to help it heal. This is
known as debridement.
ā¢ If there's a small amount of dead tissue, it may be
removed using specially designed dressings.
ā¢ Larger amounts of dead tissue may be removed
using:
ā¢ high-pressure water jets
ā¢ ultrasound
ā¢ surgical instruments, such as scalpels and forceps
15. SURGERY
ā¢ Severe pressure ulcers might not heal on their own.
In such cases, surgery may be required to seal the
wound, speed up healing, and minimise the risk of
infection.
ā¢ Surgical treatment involves:
ā¢ cleaning the wound and closing it by bringing the
edges of the ulcer together
ā¢ cleaning the wound and using tissue from healthy
skin nearby to close the ulcer
16. SURGERY
ā¢ Pressure ulcer surgery can be challenging, especially
because most people who have the procedure are
already in a poor state of health.
ā¢ Risks after surgery include:
ā¢ implanted skin tissue dying
ā¢ blood poisoning
ā¢ infection of the bone (osteomyelitis)
ā¢ abscesses
ā¢ deep vein thrombosis
ā¢ Ask your surgeon about the benefits and risks of
surgery if it's recommended for you.
