Mitochondrial diseases affect multiple organ systems and treatment varies per individual and disease. There is no cure for mitochondrial diseases and no way to predict treatment response. Treatment may include supplements like coenzyme Q10, vitamins, dietary changes, and managing symptoms through medications, but approaches depend on the specific disease and severity in each person.

1. Treatmentand
preventionof
mitochondrial
Reporter:XXX

2. As with all mitochondrial diseases, there is no cure.
Mitochondrial diseases tend to affect multiple organ
systems. The cells and organs most severely adfected
are those most heavily dependent on ATP
( brain ,muscle ,nerve ,heart ,

3. Pancrease , eye , ear
,kidney ,gastrointestinal
system

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5. Treatment varies from patient to patient and
depends on the specific mitochondrial
disease diagnosed and its severity. However,
there's no way to predict a patient’s
response to treatment or predict how the
disease will affect that person in the long
run. No two people will respond to the same
treatment in the same way, even if they have
the same disease.

6. Kearns-Sayre
Syndrome (KSS)
Coenzyme Q10, insulin for diabetes, cardiac
drugs, and a cardiac pacemaker which may
be life- saving. Surgical intervention for
drooping eyelids may be considered but
should be undertaken by specialists in
ophthalmic surgical centers.
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7. Pearson syndrome
Red blood cell transfusions are often needed
to manage the
macrocytic anemia, and patients may be
dependent on transfusions. Erythropoietin has
been tried to decrease the frequency of
transfusions. Pancreatic enzyme replacement
is needed for patients
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8. with malabsorption due to exocrine pancreatic
insufficiency. Supplementation with fat-soluble
vitamins may also be needed. . In neutropenic
patients, fever higher than 101.5° F should be
evaluated promptly. Parenteral antibiotics should be
administered after blood is obtained. Splenic
atrophy may also increase the risk of bacteremia
due to encapsulated organism. Granulocyte colony-
stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used in some
patients to ameliorate severe neutropenia.

9. MELAS SYNDROME
Moderate treadmill training can help improve the
endurance of individuals with myopathy. Metabolic
therapies, including dietary supplements, have
shown benefits for some individuals. These
treatments include coenzyme Q10, phylloquinone,
menadione, ascorbate, riboflavin, nicotinamide,
creatine monohydrate, idebenone, succinate, and
dichloroacetate.
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10. Myoclonic epilepsy with
ragged- red fibers
(MERRF)
Therapies may include coenzyme Q10, L-
carnitine, and various vitamins, often in a
"cocktail" combination. Management of
seizures usually requires anticonvulsant
drugs. Medications for control of other
symptoms may also be necessary.
FOR

11. Myoclonic epilepsy with
ragged- red fibers
(MERRF)
Therapies may include coenzyme Q10, L-
carnitine, and various vitamins, often in a
"cocktail" combination. Management of
seizures usually requires anticonvulsant
drugs. Medications for control of other
symptoms may also be necessary.
FOR

12. Leber hereditary optic
neuropathy(LHON)
Management of affected individuals is supportive
and includes provision of visual aids and
registration with the relevant social services.
ECG may reveal a pre-excitation syndrome in both
affected and unaffected LHON carriers;
such a finding does not necessitate further
intervention in the absence of cardiac symptoms.
FOR