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Travel Guide

This Italian travel guide from 1599 provides information about cities, transportation, customs, and costumes in Italy. Some key points: - The major cities are Rome, Florence, and Venice, each with their own governments and industries. Florence was wealthy from the textile industry and banking. - Transportation was primarily by land using wagons, horses, or walking, as roads were poor. Water travel was also used but dangerous due to pirates. - Customs changed as the Renaissance humanist movement grew and the Catholic Church's influence declined. However, strict social classes and sumptuary laws regarding dress remained. - The guide offers travelers advice on cities to visit, safe forms of transportation, Italian customs

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Italian Travel Guide Published on Nov. 26th. 1599 BY SIMON SOHN
Contents 1. Cities in Italy p.1-2 6. Where to stay p.9 2. Transportation p.3 7. What to eat&drink p.10 3. Customs and Manners p.4-5 8. How to stay safe and healthy p.11 4. Costume p.6 9. Famous People p.12-13 5. What to see and do p.7-8 10. Works cited p.14-16 -Brief introduction about nowadays Italy People began to try their mind since 14th century. People lost their belief to the church  and tried to focus on themselves. This changed mind is “called the humanisim”.  Humanism began in Florence and then spread to the other parts in Europe. This  change of people’s mind have affected the arBst, humanist, and scienBst in Europe.  Since 14th century, Italy became a large important trade center for Europe and the  Middle East. Moreover, this trade have benefited the people in Italy in wealth and  having new ideas. The despots and rulers of each city in Italy are compeBng to have  more‐advanced arts. Welcome to Italy, the place of beautiful artworks and diverse cultures! You’re very lucky to visit Italy in this time.
1. Cities in Italy As you can see in the map above, Italy is divided into many different city states. The three big and developed city states are Rome(Papal States), Florence and Venice. -Rome(Papal States)- The great popes in recent decades- Sixtus IV, Innocent VIII, Alexander VI, Julius II, Leo X, Clement VII, and Paul III—was one of sensuous splendor. They encouraged to art, music, classical and archaeological studies, and the restoration of ancient monuments, continued to make Rome a center of world culture. Travelers who are interested in art or music, it would be a nice choice to visit Rome once. http://www.aboutroma.com/art-culture- rome.html The popes of Rome are keep encouraging the artist in Rome
-Florence- Florence is located in northern Italy. This city state is a very rich state in Italy. People in Florence raise money by the silk, cotton and wool industries. Trade also has made people in Florence rich. Florence trades a lot of cloth materials with other city states. Florence is also famous for the banking. Some people in Florence raise their money by lending money and making interests to borrowers. Florence was center of the European banking system. Florence people in this period don’t really contribute in churches, not like the people in the middle ages. Since Florence is a rich city, the prices of things in Florence would be very cheap. Florence would be a very nice place for the travellers who are lacking money. http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/a4/Wool.www.usda.gov.jpg Two things Florence is famous for: texture industry and banking -Venice- http://www.surreyartists.co.uk/aaw/websites/ Venice was built entirely on piles sunk into marshy surreyartists/fine-art-prints/venice3.jpg islands at the head of the Adriatic Sea. This city has hundreds of canals, which function as roads and highways. Venice is one of the developed cities of the Italy. A lot of people are in living in Venice of a population more than 150000 people. All the citizens were at the mercy of the government. Like Florence, Venice had many artists who were patronized by wealthy merchants. Venetians referred to their city as a republic, which is a form of democracy. Therefore, Venice has hundreds of canals and it all people who are visiting Venice would be treated function as roads and highways. fairly and equally.
2. Transportation People in Italy generally use 2 ways to move to other places; either by land or by water. -By land wagons could be very travelling. Therefore, I Travelling by land is slow and bothersome. recommend travellers in limited to local fair of Travelling by horseback Italy to travel on foot. farmer’s market. Roads would be the fastest way P. S. Italy is not a are usually rocky to travel on road, but it tremendous country and is usually for only the travelling on foot could pathways and travelling make you healthier: on the road could be wealthy people and it dangerous with things would be cumbersome such as bandits, landslip, to take care of it when flood and so on. Horses, pack mules, wagons are common vehicles for travelling on land in Italy. Travelling by coaches is usually used by the riches and it could be very expensive. The most usual and efficient way to travel on http://stagecoachfreightwagon.org/images/SC_MudWagon.jpg land is on foot. Carts and The wagons are very vulnerable in mud. -By water As trade and exploration in Italy have increased in recent decades and overseas travelling became more popular. The travellers by water are usually merchants, missionaries, soldiers, students and pilgrims. Many people like to travel by sea to explore new world in a long distance, however it could be dangerous because storms could easily sink a ship and pirates. http://i43.photobucket.com/albums/e352/ mswebguy/1talk-like-a-pirate.gif Everyone who want to visit Italy by sea, should You should be aware of the pirates when take a nice weather to travel and beware of sea travelling by water robbers.
3. Customs and Manners Customs and manners in Italy have changed slightly in recent decades -Government As Italy is organized with independent states, there are many different types of government in nowadays Italy. Papal states around Rome are ruled by the Pope, Naples is a monarchy, Venice is a republic city state and Florence is ruled by Midici families and a group called ‘GUILDS’. -Slavery Like the past, slaves are used again in Italy now. However, their life became a little more comfortable than before. They usually work in a house as cleaners, maids and cooks. -Social class There are five social classes in Italy. The top class is old-nobility and merchants. Right below them are the riches(usually businessmen and bankers). Below them are the not as rich people and below them are the poor people. The lowest class http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/752/805629.JPG are the slaves. old-nobility and Soldier slavery Nobles merchants -Everyday life The lower your class is, the harder you work. Women stay at home doing the housework and men work outside. -Table manners You should not spit on the table. You should not dip meat directly into the salt dish. You should not pick one’s teeth with a finger or knife. You would be introduced fork and plate in Italy.
-Beliefs People left the Catholic Church. Rather than going to church and showing respect to the God, people in Italy began to believe Humanism which is focused on themselves, the human. Humanists believed education is very important and a lot of schools and educational facilities were built in recent period. Students study a variety of things such as morals, medicine, art and so on. -> people got interested in human’s body and developed the medicine http://gcsehistory.wikispaces.com/file/view/ technology renaissance.jpg/30399727 -Death Unfortunately death is a very common thing to happen in Italy and due to the development of humanism, ideas about human’s death became complicated. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/images/ war_tech_gal_constant.jpg (Frequent wars have killed a lot of people in Italy)
4. Costume People in Italy normally cannot dress however they want because of the law called “sumptuary laws”. http://media.photobucket.com/image/zibellini/ topsyturvydesign/ren-ff-main2.jpg As you are a traveller in Italy, it There are some would be good to wear a simple cloth. sumptuary laws in Costume with a lot of accessories Italy and it regulates would be very bothersome when you specific items of dress are traveling. Unless you are in very throughout Italy. Low high class, you wouldn’t wear a red (picture above is necklines are cloth because the color red is for the “zibellini”) prohibited in Genoa, Milan, and Rome nobles. and it also restricts zibellini(sable furs carried as fashion accessories) in Men in Italy usually wear boots, Bologna and Milan pants, a shirt, a vest and a hat. You can see women wearing shoes, an over and under skirt, a shirt, a bodice, and a hat or snood(net hat). They generally braid their hair. People in Italy believe that curly hair is a mark of beauty. Moreover, people in Italy believe that voluptuary is also a mark of beauty of women. http://www.mfgraffix.com/hird/faoilt/hairtape.html As you see the picture above, this is a typical hair style in Italy. The hair bound to the head with ribbon, tape or Banda(long silk hair band for wrapping the hair.). This way of binding a hair is really comfortable because the weight of http://karenswhimsy.com/public-domain- hair is evenly distributed over the images/renaissance-clothing/images/ renaissance-clothing-4.jpg head and the ribbons is very soft Women’s usual clothing in nowadays Italy
5. What to see and do As you are travelling here in Italy, you must see the art and the architecture in Italy because those are the things that have been significantly developed in the this period. Medicine have also developed in nowadays Italy but I don’t think you would enjoy watching the dead bodies. Brief introduction about art and architecture in Italy: Italy’s patrons want art to show joy in human beauty and life’s pleasure. Therefore, many artists, nowadays, are studying perspective, or the differences in the way things look. The depth in paintings is a result of the artists’ purpose of showing theses differences. Nowadays, Italian architecture belongs to classical Greece and Rome. Italian architecture is symmetrical and proportioned. What to see First place: Sistine Chapel ceiling Sistine Chapel is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace. Amazingly, the ceiling of this chapel was painted by one of the most famous artists, Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512. Michelangelo have made a lot of perspiration on making this ceiling; his waist was harden because he lied down to pain this ceiling and he got eye disease due to the paints falling down from the ceiling. Travellers who are interested in art can get a lot of inspiration from this artwork. The Sistine Chapel is located in Rome. http://www.rense.com/general86/chapel.jpg Second place: Florence Cathedral Florence Cathedral is one of the architectural and artistic wonders of the world. It is located in Florence. This architecture took a very long time to complete building it. It is very huge, yet it’s also overwhelming in its intricacy and fine detail. It is also one of the largest cathedrals in the world. In addition, as a cathedral, is one of the oldest architectural structures still well-preserved and intact. No matter you are religious or not, you would enjoy watching this great architecture.
What to do Swordsmanship and horsemanship contest There are swordsmanship and horsemanship contest in Italy. These contests were organized due to the frequent wars. People wanted to learn the good techniques and movement in order to survive in the wars. A lot of men in Italy are practicing to use sword and ride horse to be the best swordsman and horseman in Italy. The prizes for the winners in these contests are the great http://www.chicagoswordplayguild.com/c/ sword and fast horse. Travellers who are media/historic/italian14thc_Fol96.jpg interested in any of these, it would be a great Illustration of people competing with swords experience to participate in these contests. For the detailed informations, go to the blue building next to the colosseum in Rome. Card game The card game was newly introduced in recent decades. The rule of this game is not complicated. You only need the people and deck of cards to play this game. It is very fun to bet something for winning this card game. The cost of the cards are not really cheap but it is very joyful. People who think that they are lucky or smart should play this game http://img2.allposters.com/images/FIP/GB-00014-C.jpg because this game requires some luck and brain. You can ask pressing house to People playing card game get the source to buy this cards. "Calcio Fiorentino", Florence(Sports) This sports is very popular in Italy. It is played in teams of 27, using both feet and hands. You can score goals by throwing the ball to the designated spot. The field of this sports sand. Moreover, there are main referee, six linesmen and a field master. This sports requires good tactics and teamwork. I think this is a very well-organized sports. Therefore, you should http://rugbipensador.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/ try this sports whenever you visit Florence. calcio_fiorentino_1688.jpg Illustration of the Calcio Fiorentino
6. Where to stay For staying a night in Italy, you have two choices; either staying with the locals, staying at inn or staying at monastery Private houses In the countryside, you’d better stay a night with the locals because there are few inns in countryside. Most of the locals would welcome you to stay at their house because they like to get information about what’s happening in the world. Don’t expect to stay in the large houses, which is made of wood, mud and thatch. Those houses would be the barn, unless you would enjoy staying a night with pigs and chicken. However, don’t go to the house in shacks with roofs that let the rain and wind in. Poor people would live in that kind of house. The local houses in city are at least better than those in countryside. Moreover, if you were lucky to stay with the riches. They would have several rooms in their house and they would have fireplace in their dining room. Monastery You can also stay at a monastery, a place where live. The clergy at the monastery offer free shelter and a meal to travelers. You can meet many travelers there. However, don’t forget to donate money to monastery! (<- you many meet other travelers at monastery) Inns Inns locate outside the city gates and some parts of the city. As inns compete each other, inn works may meet you on the orad and offer to carry your bags to their inn. The sign of the inns are usually very colorful. You can look for the colorful mark when you have trouble with finding the inn. Another tip is that don’t plan to arrive city late at night. As there is words “He who comes late has a poor supper and a worse bed” that locals say, innkeepers may regard you as a strange person.
7. What to eat&drink During this period, many explorers went to “the new world” and have brought a variety of new ingredients from there. Of course, the food in Italy have also became diverse. -Food and drinks From the end of the Middle Ages to the early 1600s, the food of the Italy has continued to develop. Nobleman and women eat roasted animals and fowl are often made to look as lifelike as possible—birds are cooked, reassembled, and presented with their feathers artfully arranged. A celebration would call for a feast consisting of every type of meat and fowl imaginable. Italian people https://ssl109.webhosting.optonline.net/on-the-go-gourmet.com/ merchantmanager/images/uploads/Roasted%20Chicken.jpg ordinarily drink wine or other alcohol drinks like beer or ale because the water is not clean People in Italy try to eat roasted animals as life like as possible. enough to drink. Wine is generally made of fruits imported from the continent and it is also made of honey. -Changes in recipe The return of explorers from the New World ‐Recipe ‐ during the 1500s brought corn, tomatoes, Try to eat roasted food peppers, sweet potatoes, yams, vanilla, and Many new kinds of food were found  turkey. At first, corn was used as an in recent decades. ornamental, but it rapidly became a food of  Explorers from the New World  the poor, who were always eager to try new brought them. foods. Corn became so plentiful that it was (Examples: corn, tomatoes,  ground into meal and eventually became peppers, sweet potatoes, yams,  and vanilla synonymous with polenta. By the late 1800s, more than 300 varieties of peppers were cultivated in Italy, and tomatoes were a staple in Italian cooking—not just as a sauce, but also in soups, and stuffed, roasted, and baked.
8. How to stay safe and healthy There was a terrible disease called “the black plague” that had killed and feared a lot of people in the middle ages. The wars that is now affecting the people in Italy are the “crusades” and the war between city states in Italy. http://www.mindfully.org/GE/GE3/Bubonic-Plague- -Diseases and dangers Sequenced.htm The Black Death(also called the black plague) happened in the end of the middle Ages. However, it still affects the people in Italy now. Since the Black Death had killed and frightened a lot of people during the middle ages, people in recent decades are more interested in medicine and developed the medicine technology. The incidence of this disease has decreased The rat was the cause of the black nowadays, but there is still a possibility of plague. It has wiped out hundreds of getting this disease. You’d better be aware of millions people world-wide, including one-third of Europe's population in the sanitation. 14th century. -The wars that affects the people in Italy Crusades http://blog.naver.com/lkhistory?Redirect=Log&logNo=20065334987 The past war that affects the people in Italy is the crusade. The biggest reason why this war is still affecting the Italian people is that this war initiated because of the pope, who had the biggest power in the time of the middle ages. However, the war failed and put a lot of people into fear and death. Therefore, many people lost their faith to church and change their mind to be interested in themselves, the human, not a church. You shouldn’t make any comments praising the Crusade because the most people in Italy are negative about it. The constant war between the Italian city states Italian city states have been constantly at war with their rivals. The war wasn’t really serious in the beginning. However, in the fifteenth century, warfare have became very serious. Since Italy was invaded by the French, Italy hired many engineers and designers to develop the technology for defence and attack. If war between states started, you’d be better to stay in buildings in order to avoid the bad happenings. (from the textbook)
9. Famous people The famous people of Italy that I want to introduce are Leonardo Da Vinci, Shakespeare, Michelangelo and Medici. Those people have played an important role in this period. Leonardo Da Vinci(1452-1519) He was one of the most famous artists in Italy. His most well known artwork is Mona Lisa. His general job was an artist. How ever, he loved experimenting and had anticipated in many later discoveries in anatomy, aeronautics, and several other fields. Therefore, we can call him as an inventor, an artist, draftsman, caricaturist, engineer and architect. He loved his artworks when he was alive, so we should respect his artworks. http://dmsra.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/lgpp30545mona- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/ lisa-leonardo-da-vinci-poster.jpg Leonardo_self.jpg “Hamlet” by “Mona Lisa” by Shakespeare Leonardo Da Vinci 1599 1503 - - 1506 “To be or not to be” One of the most famous Very expectable artworks of Leonardo written work of Shakespeare http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/exhibits/enchant/images/hamlet-gill1.jpg Shakespeare(1564-) He is known as one of the famous men in the this period. He have written a variety of plays from comedy to romance. His plays are not very religious or related to church and that tells you that he follows the humanism. Shakespeare is truly a talented and inspirational man. However, he hates to get disturbed when he is writing a play. Therefore, you should visit him when he is not writing any plays. http://stantonssheetmusic.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/silly- shakespeare.jpg
“Pietà” sculpted by “Michelangelo” 1499 Michelangeloʼs very famous artwork. An important work as it balances the renaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism. http://stldesignworld.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/ michelangelo27s_pieta_5450_cropncleaned1.jpg Michelangelo(1475-1564) Michelangelo was also the one of the famous artists of the Italy. His talent interested Lorenzo de Medici when he was very young and he was brought up in the Medici palace. He created some of the most famous works in the Renaissance such as “the Peieta”, and he had painted the walls and ceilings of the Sistine Chapel. His artworks are very valuable and some of those are kept by nobles. http://www.shoshone.k12.id.us/renaissance/images/ michel.jpg Lorenzo de Medici(1449-1492) He was Cosimo’s grandson. He lived more elegantly than Cosimo and enjoyed the spotlight of power immensely. Because of him, the Florentine economy expanded significantly and the lower class could enjoy the better comfort and protection than it had before. During the period of Lorenzo’s rule, from 14468 to 1492, Florence became the most important city-state in Italy and the most beautiful city. You would get things relatively cheap in Florence and it’s because http://courses.cit.cornell.edu/hist151/Images/LMedici.jpg of him.
10. Works cited The title page "Europe about 1569." Map. Historical map. (c)Velhagen&Klafing. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ historical/europe1560_shepherd.jpg>. The contents page Choi, Gi-sang. What was the renaissance? Seoul: Salim, 2001. Print. Page 6 Wilde, Robert. "The Renaissance - Introduction to the Renaissance." European History The History of Europe. About.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/therenaissance/a/renaissance101.htm>. Cities in Italy "Renaissance Italy." Map. Coarpard_renaissance. Kocular.net. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/ croarpad_renaissance.jpg>. Joe. "Venice During the Renaissance." Yukon Education Student Network - Home. Grolier Encyclopaedia. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/middleages/venice/venice.html>. "Florence." Twin Falls School District #411. Morningside elementary. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.tfsd.k12.id.us/ms/ Computer%20Club/rennaissance/florence.htm>. ""Rome and the Renaissance"" Truly Rome apartments in Rome. Mariamilani.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/renaissance_rome.htm>. Transportation Brown, Lorri. "Renaissance Travel: How People Traveled During the Renaissance | Suite101.com." W European History: Roman conquest to Viking invasions, Renaissance to Scientific and Industrial Revolutions, European Union to the War on Terror, Denmark to Portugal, Iceland to Germany. | Suite101.com. Suite101.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// weuropeanhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/renaissance_travel>. Customs and manners Hooker, Richard. "Backgrounds to the Italian Renaissance." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. Wsu.edu. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/REN/BACK.HTM>. "Death and mortality." Internet Shakespeare Editions. Internetshakespeare. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/SLT/society/death1.html>. "Humanism and the Renaissance." Renaissance Faires, Renaissance Fairs and Renaissance Festivals. All about renaissance. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.all-about-renaissance-faires.com/renaissance_info/ renaissance_and_humanism.htm>.
Costume "Renaissance clothing." A Parent's Guide to Internet Safety ::Indianchild.com. Indianchild.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.indianchild.com/dresses/renaissance_clothing.htm>. Inghean, Faoiltighearna. "Italian Renaissance Hair Taping." MF graffix. Margo Farnsworth. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.mfgraffix.com/hird/faoilt/hairtape.html>. What to see and do "The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel." Social Studies for Kids. Social Studies for Kids. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/worldhistory/sistinechapelceiling.htm>. "Florence Cathedral - Arnolfo di Cambio - Great Buildings Online." Architecture Design Images History. Great building.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Florence_Cathedral.html>. Craven, Jackie. "Renaissance Architecture - What is Renaissance Architecture." Architecture and House Styles - Architecture and House Styles Facts and Photos. About.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://architecture.about.com/od/periodsstyles/g/ renaissance.htm>. Warton, Helen B. "Games and Sports in the Renaissance - Renaissance." BellaOnline -- The Voice of Women. Bellaonline. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. <http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art43344.asp>. "History of Soccer." Soccer Community and Portal for aspiring players. Expertfootball. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.expertfootball.com/history/> Where to stay Everything is from the prints that Mr. V gave to us What to eat&drink Mancuso, Janice. "The History of Italian Food: The Evolution of Food in Italy | Suite101.com." Italian History | Suite101.com. Suite101.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://italianhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/ the_history_of_italian_food>. How to stay safe and healthy "Renaissance -- Out of the Middle Ages." Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Resources by Annenberg Media. Learner.org. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/middleages.html>. "PLAGUE AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN RENAISSANCE EUROPE." Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. Unknown. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/osheim/plaguein.html>.
Famous people Lee, Jamieson. "Shakespeare's Time - The Influence of the Renaissance in Shakespeare's Time." Shakespeare – The Ultimate Shakespeare resource site for students and teachers of Shakespeare. Shakespeare.about.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// shakespeare.about.com/od/historicalcontext/a/Renaissance.htm>. "MICHELANGELO." Yukon Education Student Network - Home. Yesnet. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/ schools/projects/renaissance/michelangelo.html>. "Medici, Lorenzo de'" Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com. Infoplease. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/ A0832477.html>. "Renaissance People and Events 1350-1600." Adrian Fletcher travels Renaissance & Medieval Italy, France, Spain and Britain 1,000 pages packed with Outstanding Photos, Stories, Books, Food, Restaurants and Travel Tips. Paradoxplace.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.paradoxplace.com/Perspectives/Chronologies/Part%202%20%20World%20of%20Middle %20Ages.htm>.

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Travel Guide

  • 1.
    Italian Travel Guide Published on Nov. 26th. 1599 BY SIMON SOHN
  • 2.
    Contents 1. Cities inItaly p.1-2 6. Where to stay p.9 2. Transportation p.3 7. What to eat&drink p.10 3. Customs and Manners p.4-5 8. How to stay safe and healthy p.11 4. Costume p.6 9. Famous People p.12-13 5. What to see and do p.7-8 10. Works cited p.14-16 -Brief introduction about nowadays Italy People began to try their mind since 14th century. People lost their belief to the church  and tried to focus on themselves. This changed mind is “called the humanisim”.  Humanism began in Florence and then spread to the other parts in Europe. This  change of people’s mind have affected the arBst, humanist, and scienBst in Europe.  Since 14th century, Italy became a large important trade center for Europe and the  Middle East. Moreover, this trade have benefited the people in Italy in wealth and  having new ideas. The despots and rulers of each city in Italy are compeBng to have  more‐advanced arts. Welcome to Italy, the place of beautiful artworks and diverse cultures! You’re very lucky to visit Italy in this time.
  • 3.
    1. Cities inItaly As you can see in the map above, Italy is divided into many different city states. The three big and developed city states are Rome(Papal States), Florence and Venice. -Rome(Papal States)- The great popes in recent decades- Sixtus IV, Innocent VIII, Alexander VI, Julius II, Leo X, Clement VII, and Paul III—was one of sensuous splendor. They encouraged to art, music, classical and archaeological studies, and the restoration of ancient monuments, continued to make Rome a center of world culture. Travelers who are interested in art or music, it would be a nice choice to visit Rome once. http://www.aboutroma.com/art-culture- rome.html The popes of Rome are keep encouraging the artist in Rome
  • 4.
    -Florence- Florence is located in northern Italy. This city state is a very rich state in Italy. People in Florence raise money by the silk, cotton and wool industries. Trade also has made people in Florence rich. Florence trades a lot of cloth materials with other city states. Florence is also famous for the banking. Some people in Florence raise their money by lending money and making interests to borrowers. Florence was center of the European banking system. Florence people in this period don’t really contribute in churches, not like the people in the middle ages. Since Florence is a rich city, the prices of things in Florence would be very cheap. Florence would be a very nice place for the travellers who are lacking money. http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/a4/Wool.www.usda.gov.jpg Two things Florence is famous for: texture industry and banking -Venice- http://www.surreyartists.co.uk/aaw/websites/ Venice was built entirely on piles sunk into marshy surreyartists/fine-art-prints/venice3.jpg islands at the head of the Adriatic Sea. This city has hundreds of canals, which function as roads and highways. Venice is one of the developed cities of the Italy. A lot of people are in living in Venice of a population more than 150000 people. All the citizens were at the mercy of the government. Like Florence, Venice had many artists who were patronized by wealthy merchants. Venetians referred to their city as a republic, which is a form of democracy. Therefore, Venice has hundreds of canals and it all people who are visiting Venice would be treated function as roads and highways. fairly and equally.
  • 5.
    2. Transportation People in Italy generally use 2 ways to move to other places; either by land or by water. -By land wagons could be very travelling. Therefore, I Travelling by land is slow and bothersome. recommend travellers in limited to local fair of Travelling by horseback Italy to travel on foot. farmer’s market. Roads would be the fastest way P. S. Italy is not a are usually rocky to travel on road, but it tremendous country and is usually for only the travelling on foot could pathways and travelling make you healthier: on the road could be wealthy people and it dangerous with things would be cumbersome such as bandits, landslip, to take care of it when flood and so on. Horses, pack mules, wagons are common vehicles for travelling on land in Italy. Travelling by coaches is usually used by the riches and it could be very expensive. The most usual and efficient way to travel on http://stagecoachfreightwagon.org/images/SC_MudWagon.jpg land is on foot. Carts and The wagons are very vulnerable in mud. -By water As trade and exploration in Italy have increased in recent decades and overseas travelling became more popular. The travellers by water are usually merchants, missionaries, soldiers, students and pilgrims. Many people like to travel by sea to explore new world in a long distance, however it could be dangerous because storms could easily sink a ship and pirates. http://i43.photobucket.com/albums/e352/ mswebguy/1talk-like-a-pirate.gif Everyone who want to visit Italy by sea, should You should be aware of the pirates when take a nice weather to travel and beware of sea travelling by water robbers.
  • 6.
    3. Customs andManners Customs and manners in Italy have changed slightly in recent decades -Government As Italy is organized with independent states, there are many different types of government in nowadays Italy. Papal states around Rome are ruled by the Pope, Naples is a monarchy, Venice is a republic city state and Florence is ruled by Midici families and a group called ‘GUILDS’. -Slavery Like the past, slaves are used again in Italy now. However, their life became a little more comfortable than before. They usually work in a house as cleaners, maids and cooks. -Social class There are five social classes in Italy. The top class is old-nobility and merchants. Right below them are the riches(usually businessmen and bankers). Below them are the not as rich people and below them are the poor people. The lowest class http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/752/805629.JPG are the slaves. old-nobility and Soldier slavery Nobles merchants -Everyday life The lower your class is, the harder you work. Women stay at home doing the housework and men work outside. -Table manners You should not spit on the table. You should not dip meat directly into the salt dish. You should not pick one’s teeth with a finger or knife. You would be introduced fork and plate in Italy.
  • 7.
    -Beliefs People left the Catholic Church. Rather than going to church and showing respect to the God, people in Italy began to believe Humanism which is focused on themselves, the human. Humanists believed education is very important and a lot of schools and educational facilities were built in recent period. Students study a variety of things such as morals, medicine, art and so on. -> people got interested in human’s body and developed the medicine http://gcsehistory.wikispaces.com/file/view/ technology renaissance.jpg/30399727 -Death Unfortunately death is a very common thing to happen in Italy and due to the development of humanism, ideas about human’s death became complicated. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/images/ war_tech_gal_constant.jpg (Frequent wars have killed a lot of people in Italy)
  • 8.
    4. Costume People in Italy normally cannot dress however they want because of the law called “sumptuary laws”. http://media.photobucket.com/image/zibellini/ topsyturvydesign/ren-ff-main2.jpg As you are a traveller in Italy, it There are some would be good to wear a simple cloth. sumptuary laws in Costume with a lot of accessories Italy and it regulates would be very bothersome when you specific items of dress are traveling. Unless you are in very throughout Italy. Low high class, you wouldn’t wear a red (picture above is necklines are cloth because the color red is for the “zibellini”) prohibited in Genoa, Milan, and Rome nobles. and it also restricts zibellini(sable furs carried as fashion accessories) in Men in Italy usually wear boots, Bologna and Milan pants, a shirt, a vest and a hat. You can see women wearing shoes, an over and under skirt, a shirt, a bodice, and a hat or snood(net hat). They generally braid their hair. People in Italy believe that curly hair is a mark of beauty. Moreover, people in Italy believe that voluptuary is also a mark of beauty of women. http://www.mfgraffix.com/hird/faoilt/hairtape.html As you see the picture above, this is a typical hair style in Italy. The hair bound to the head with ribbon, tape or Banda(long silk hair band for wrapping the hair.). This way of binding a hair is really comfortable because the weight of http://karenswhimsy.com/public-domain- hair is evenly distributed over the images/renaissance-clothing/images/ renaissance-clothing-4.jpg head and the ribbons is very soft Women’s usual clothing in nowadays Italy
  • 9.
    5. What tosee and do As you are travelling here in Italy, you must see the art and the architecture in Italy because those are the things that have been significantly developed in the this period. Medicine have also developed in nowadays Italy but I don’t think you would enjoy watching the dead bodies. Brief introduction about art and architecture in Italy: Italy’s patrons want art to show joy in human beauty and life’s pleasure. Therefore, many artists, nowadays, are studying perspective, or the differences in the way things look. The depth in paintings is a result of the artists’ purpose of showing theses differences. Nowadays, Italian architecture belongs to classical Greece and Rome. Italian architecture is symmetrical and proportioned. What to see First place: Sistine Chapel ceiling Sistine Chapel is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace. Amazingly, the ceiling of this chapel was painted by one of the most famous artists, Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512. Michelangelo have made a lot of perspiration on making this ceiling; his waist was harden because he lied down to pain this ceiling and he got eye disease due to the paints falling down from the ceiling. Travellers who are interested in art can get a lot of inspiration from this artwork. The Sistine Chapel is located in Rome. http://www.rense.com/general86/chapel.jpg Second place: Florence Cathedral Florence Cathedral is one of the architectural and artistic wonders of the world. It is located in Florence. This architecture took a very long time to complete building it. It is very huge, yet it’s also overwhelming in its intricacy and fine detail. It is also one of the largest cathedrals in the world. In addition, as a cathedral, is one of the oldest architectural structures still well-preserved and intact. No matter you are religious or not, you would enjoy watching this great architecture.
  • 10.
    What to do Swordsmanship and horsemanship contest There are swordsmanship and horsemanship contest in Italy. These contests were organized due to the frequent wars. People wanted to learn the good techniques and movement in order to survive in the wars. A lot of men in Italy are practicing to use sword and ride horse to be the best swordsman and horseman in Italy. The prizes for the winners in these contests are the great http://www.chicagoswordplayguild.com/c/ sword and fast horse. Travellers who are media/historic/italian14thc_Fol96.jpg interested in any of these, it would be a great Illustration of people competing with swords experience to participate in these contests. For the detailed informations, go to the blue building next to the colosseum in Rome. Card game The card game was newly introduced in recent decades. The rule of this game is not complicated. You only need the people and deck of cards to play this game. It is very fun to bet something for winning this card game. The cost of the cards are not really cheap but it is very joyful. People who think that they are lucky or smart should play this game http://img2.allposters.com/images/FIP/GB-00014-C.jpg because this game requires some luck and brain. You can ask pressing house to People playing card game get the source to buy this cards. "Calcio Fiorentino", Florence(Sports) This sports is very popular in Italy. It is played in teams of 27, using both feet and hands. You can score goals by throwing the ball to the designated spot. The field of this sports sand. Moreover, there are main referee, six linesmen and a field master. This sports requires good tactics and teamwork. I think this is a very well-organized sports. Therefore, you should http://rugbipensador.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/ try this sports whenever you visit Florence. calcio_fiorentino_1688.jpg Illustration of the Calcio Fiorentino
  • 11.
    6. Where tostay For staying a night in Italy, you have two choices; either staying with the locals, staying at inn or staying at monastery Private houses In the countryside, you’d better stay a night with the locals because there are few inns in countryside. Most of the locals would welcome you to stay at their house because they like to get information about what’s happening in the world. Don’t expect to stay in the large houses, which is made of wood, mud and thatch. Those houses would be the barn, unless you would enjoy staying a night with pigs and chicken. However, don’t go to the house in shacks with roofs that let the rain and wind in. Poor people would live in that kind of house. The local houses in city are at least better than those in countryside. Moreover, if you were lucky to stay with the riches. They would have several rooms in their house and they would have fireplace in their dining room. Monastery You can also stay at a monastery, a place where live. The clergy at the monastery offer free shelter and a meal to travelers. You can meet many travelers there. However, don’t forget to donate money to monastery! (<- you many meet other travelers at monastery) Inns Inns locate outside the city gates and some parts of the city. As inns compete each other, inn works may meet you on the orad and offer to carry your bags to their inn. The sign of the inns are usually very colorful. You can look for the colorful mark when you have trouble with finding the inn. Another tip is that don’t plan to arrive city late at night. As there is words “He who comes late has a poor supper and a worse bed” that locals say, innkeepers may regard you as a strange person.
  • 12.
    7. What toeat&drink During this period, many explorers went to “the new world” and have brought a variety of new ingredients from there. Of course, the food in Italy have also became diverse. -Food and drinks From the end of the Middle Ages to the early 1600s, the food of the Italy has continued to develop. Nobleman and women eat roasted animals and fowl are often made to look as lifelike as possible—birds are cooked, reassembled, and presented with their feathers artfully arranged. A celebration would call for a feast consisting of every type of meat and fowl imaginable. Italian people https://ssl109.webhosting.optonline.net/on-the-go-gourmet.com/ merchantmanager/images/uploads/Roasted%20Chicken.jpg ordinarily drink wine or other alcohol drinks like beer or ale because the water is not clean People in Italy try to eat roasted animals as life like as possible. enough to drink. Wine is generally made of fruits imported from the continent and it is also made of honey. -Changes in recipe The return of explorers from the New World ‐Recipe ‐ during the 1500s brought corn, tomatoes, Try to eat roasted food peppers, sweet potatoes, yams, vanilla, and Many new kinds of food were found  turkey. At first, corn was used as an in recent decades. ornamental, but it rapidly became a food of  Explorers from the New World  the poor, who were always eager to try new brought them. foods. Corn became so plentiful that it was (Examples: corn, tomatoes,  ground into meal and eventually became peppers, sweet potatoes, yams,  and vanilla synonymous with polenta. By the late 1800s, more than 300 varieties of peppers were cultivated in Italy, and tomatoes were a staple in Italian cooking—not just as a sauce, but also in soups, and stuffed, roasted, and baked.
  • 13.
    8. How tostay safe and healthy There was a terrible disease called “the black plague” that had killed and feared a lot of people in the middle ages. The wars that is now affecting the people in Italy are the “crusades” and the war between city states in Italy. http://www.mindfully.org/GE/GE3/Bubonic-Plague- -Diseases and dangers Sequenced.htm The Black Death(also called the black plague) happened in the end of the middle Ages. However, it still affects the people in Italy now. Since the Black Death had killed and frightened a lot of people during the middle ages, people in recent decades are more interested in medicine and developed the medicine technology. The incidence of this disease has decreased The rat was the cause of the black nowadays, but there is still a possibility of plague. It has wiped out hundreds of getting this disease. You’d better be aware of millions people world-wide, including one-third of Europe's population in the sanitation. 14th century. -The wars that affects the people in Italy Crusades http://blog.naver.com/lkhistory?Redirect=Log&logNo=20065334987 The past war that affects the people in Italy is the crusade. The biggest reason why this war is still affecting the Italian people is that this war initiated because of the pope, who had the biggest power in the time of the middle ages. However, the war failed and put a lot of people into fear and death. Therefore, many people lost their faith to church and change their mind to be interested in themselves, the human, not a church. You shouldn’t make any comments praising the Crusade because the most people in Italy are negative about it. The constant war between the Italian city states Italian city states have been constantly at war with their rivals. The war wasn’t really serious in the beginning. However, in the fifteenth century, warfare have became very serious. Since Italy was invaded by the French, Italy hired many engineers and designers to develop the technology for defence and attack. If war between states started, you’d be better to stay in buildings in order to avoid the bad happenings. (from the textbook)
  • 14.
    9. Famous people The famous people of Italy that I want to introduce are Leonardo Da Vinci, Shakespeare, Michelangelo and Medici. Those people have played an important role in this period. Leonardo Da Vinci(1452-1519) He was one of the most famous artists in Italy. His most well known artwork is Mona Lisa. His general job was an artist. How ever, he loved experimenting and had anticipated in many later discoveries in anatomy, aeronautics, and several other fields. Therefore, we can call him as an inventor, an artist, draftsman, caricaturist, engineer and architect. He loved his artworks when he was alive, so we should respect his artworks. http://dmsra.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/lgpp30545mona- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/ lisa-leonardo-da-vinci-poster.jpg Leonardo_self.jpg “Hamlet” by “Mona Lisa” by Shakespeare Leonardo Da Vinci 1599 1503 - - 1506 “To be or not to be” One of the most famous Very expectable artworks of Leonardo written work of Shakespeare http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/exhibits/enchant/images/hamlet-gill1.jpg Shakespeare(1564-) He is known as one of the famous men in the this period. He have written a variety of plays from comedy to romance. His plays are not very religious or related to church and that tells you that he follows the humanism. Shakespeare is truly a talented and inspirational man. However, he hates to get disturbed when he is writing a play. Therefore, you should visit him when he is not writing any plays. http://stantonssheetmusic.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/silly- shakespeare.jpg
  • 15.
    “Pietà” sculpted by“Michelangelo” 1499 Michelangeloʼs very famous artwork. An important work as it balances the renaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism. http://stldesignworld.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/ michelangelo27s_pieta_5450_cropncleaned1.jpg Michelangelo(1475-1564) Michelangelo was also the one of the famous artists of the Italy. His talent interested Lorenzo de Medici when he was very young and he was brought up in the Medici palace. He created some of the most famous works in the Renaissance such as “the Peieta”, and he had painted the walls and ceilings of the Sistine Chapel. His artworks are very valuable and some of those are kept by nobles. http://www.shoshone.k12.id.us/renaissance/images/ michel.jpg Lorenzo de Medici(1449-1492) He was Cosimo’s grandson. He lived more elegantly than Cosimo and enjoyed the spotlight of power immensely. Because of him, the Florentine economy expanded significantly and the lower class could enjoy the better comfort and protection than it had before. During the period of Lorenzo’s rule, from 14468 to 1492, Florence became the most important city-state in Italy and the most beautiful city. You would get things relatively cheap in Florence and it’s because http://courses.cit.cornell.edu/hist151/Images/LMedici.jpg of him.
  • 16.
    10. Works cited The title page "Europe about 1569." Map. Historical map. (c)Velhagen&Klafing. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ historical/europe1560_shepherd.jpg>. The contents page Choi, Gi-sang. What was the renaissance? Seoul: Salim, 2001. Print. Page 6 Wilde, Robert. "The Renaissance - Introduction to the Renaissance." European History The History of Europe. About.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/therenaissance/a/renaissance101.htm>. Cities in Italy "Renaissance Italy." Map. Coarpard_renaissance. Kocular.net. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/ croarpad_renaissance.jpg>. Joe. "Venice During the Renaissance." Yukon Education Student Network - Home. Grolier Encyclopaedia. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/middleages/venice/venice.html>. "Florence." Twin Falls School District #411. Morningside elementary. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.tfsd.k12.id.us/ms/ Computer%20Club/rennaissance/florence.htm>. ""Rome and the Renaissance"" Truly Rome apartments in Rome. Mariamilani.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/renaissance_rome.htm>. Transportation Brown, Lorri. "Renaissance Travel: How People Traveled During the Renaissance | Suite101.com." W European History: Roman conquest to Viking invasions, Renaissance to Scientific and Industrial Revolutions, European Union to the War on Terror, Denmark to Portugal, Iceland to Germany. | Suite101.com. Suite101.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// weuropeanhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/renaissance_travel>. Customs and manners Hooker, Richard. "Backgrounds to the Italian Renaissance." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. Wsu.edu. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/REN/BACK.HTM>. "Death and mortality." Internet Shakespeare Editions. Internetshakespeare. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/SLT/society/death1.html>. "Humanism and the Renaissance." Renaissance Faires, Renaissance Fairs and Renaissance Festivals. All about renaissance. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.all-about-renaissance-faires.com/renaissance_info/ renaissance_and_humanism.htm>.
  • 17.
    Costume "Renaissance clothing." AParent's Guide to Internet Safety ::Indianchild.com. Indianchild.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.indianchild.com/dresses/renaissance_clothing.htm>. Inghean, Faoiltighearna. "Italian Renaissance Hair Taping." MF graffix. Margo Farnsworth. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.mfgraffix.com/hird/faoilt/hairtape.html>. What to see and do "The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel." Social Studies for Kids. Social Studies for Kids. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/worldhistory/sistinechapelceiling.htm>. "Florence Cathedral - Arnolfo di Cambio - Great Buildings Online." Architecture Design Images History. Great building.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Florence_Cathedral.html>. Craven, Jackie. "Renaissance Architecture - What is Renaissance Architecture." Architecture and House Styles - Architecture and House Styles Facts and Photos. About.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://architecture.about.com/od/periodsstyles/g/ renaissance.htm>. Warton, Helen B. "Games and Sports in the Renaissance - Renaissance." BellaOnline -- The Voice of Women. Bellaonline. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. <http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art43344.asp>. "History of Soccer." Soccer Community and Portal for aspiring players. Expertfootball. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. <http:// www.expertfootball.com/history/> Where to stay Everything is from the prints that Mr. V gave to us What to eat&drink Mancuso, Janice. "The History of Italian Food: The Evolution of Food in Italy | Suite101.com." Italian History | Suite101.com. Suite101.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://italianhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/ the_history_of_italian_food>. How to stay safe and healthy "Renaissance -- Out of the Middle Ages." Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Resources by Annenberg Media. Learner.org. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/middleages.html>. "PLAGUE AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN RENAISSANCE EUROPE." Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. Unknown. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/osheim/plaguein.html>.
  • 18.
    Famous people Lee, Jamieson."Shakespeare's Time - The Influence of the Renaissance in Shakespeare's Time." Shakespeare – The Ultimate Shakespeare resource site for students and teachers of Shakespeare. Shakespeare.about.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http:// shakespeare.about.com/od/historicalcontext/a/Renaissance.htm>. "MICHELANGELO." Yukon Education Student Network - Home. Yesnet. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/ schools/projects/renaissance/michelangelo.html>. "Medici, Lorenzo de'" Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com. Infoplease. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/ A0832477.html>. "Renaissance People and Events 1350-1600." Adrian Fletcher travels Renaissance & Medieval Italy, France, Spain and Britain 1,000 pages packed with Outstanding Photos, Stories, Books, Food, Restaurants and Travel Tips. Paradoxplace.com. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.paradoxplace.com/Perspectives/Chronologies/Part%202%20%20World%20of%20Middle %20Ages.htm>.