This document provides information on chest injuries, including anatomy, mechanisms of injury, specific injury types (e.g. pneumothorax, hemothorax), signs and symptoms, and prehospital treatment guidelines. It describes the anatomy of the chest and how ventilation works. Specific chest injuries covered include pneumothorax, hemothorax, cardiac tamponade, rib fractures, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and injuries to blood vessels and the heart. Prehospital treatment priorities for most injuries include maintaining the airway, controlling bleeding, providing respiratory support and rapid transport.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. Anatomy and Physiology (1 of 5)
• Ventilation is the body’s ability to move air
in and out of the chest and lung tissue.
• Respiration is the exchange of gases in the
alveoli of the lung tissue.
• The chest (thoracic cage) extends from the
lower end of the neck to the diaphragm.
3. Anatomy and Physiology (2 of 5)
• Thoracic skin,
muscle, and bones
– Similarities to other
regions
– Also unique
features to allow
for ventilation, such
as skeletal muscle
4. Anatomy and Physiology (3 of 5)
• The neurovascular bundle lies closely along
the lowest margin of each rib.
• The pleura covers each lung and the
thoracic cavity.
– Surfactant allows the lungs to move freely
against the inner chest wall during respiration.
5. Anatomy and Physiology (4 of 5)
• Vital organs, such as the heart, are
protected by the ribs.
– Connected in the back to the vertebrae
– Connected in the front to the sternum
6. Anatomy and Physiology (5 of 5)
• The mediastinum contains the heart, great
vessels, esophagus, and trachea.
– A thoracic aortic aneurysm can develop in this
area of the chest.
• The diaphragm is a muscle that separates
the thoracic cavity from the abdominal
cavity.
7. Mechanics of Ventilation (1 of 4)
• The intercostal muscles (between the ribs)
contract during inhalation.
– The diaphragm contracts at the same time.
• The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm
relax during exhalation.
• The body should not have to work to
breathe when in a resting state.
9. Mechanics of Ventilation (3 of 4)
• Patients with a
spinal injury below
C5 can still breathe
from the
diaphragm.
• Patients with a
spinal injury above
C3 may lose the
ability to breathe.
10. Mechanics of Ventilation (4 of 4)
• Minute ventilation (minute volume)
– Amount of air moved through the lungs in
1 minute
– Normal tidal volume × respiratory rate
– Patients with a decreased tidal volume will have
an increased respiratory rate.
11. Injuries of the Chest (1 of 7)
• Two types: open
and closed
• In a closed chest
injury, the skin is
not broken.
– Generally caused
by blunt trauma
Source: Courtesy of ED, Royal North Shore Hospital/NSW Institute of Trauma & Injury
12. Injuries of the Chest (2 of 7)
• Closed chest injury (cont’d)
– Can cause significant cardiac and pulmonary
contusion
– If the heart is damaged, it may not be able to
refill with or receive blood.
– Lung tissue bruising can result in exponential
loss of surface area.
– Rib fractures may cause further damage.
13. Injuries of the Chest (3 of 7)
• In an open chest
injury, an object
penetrates the
chest wall itself.
– Knife, bullet, piece
of metal, or broken
end of fractured rib
– Do not attempt to
move or remove
object.
14. Injuries of the Chest (4 of 7)
• Blunt trauma to the chest may cause:
– Rib, sternum, and chest wall fractures
– Bruising of the lungs and heart
– Damage to the aorta
– Vital organs to be torn from their attachment in
the chest cavity
15. Injuries of the Chest (5 of 7)
• Signs and symptoms:
– Pain at the site of injury
– Localized pain aggravated or increased with
breathing
– Bruising to the chest wall
– Crepitus with palpation of the chest
– Penetrating injury to the chest
– Dyspnea
16. Injuries of the Chest (6 of 7)
• Signs and symptoms (cont’d):
– Hemoptysis
– Failure of one or both sides of the chest to
expand normally with inspiration
– Rapid, weak pulse
– Low blood pressure
– Cyanosis around the lips or fingernails
17. Injuries of the Chest (7 of 7)
• Chest injury patients often have rapid and
shallow respirations.
– Hurts to take a deep breath
– The patient may not be moving air.
– Auscultate multiple locations to assess for
adequate breath sounds.
19. Scene Size-up (1 of 2)
• Scene safety
– Ensure the scene is safe for you, your partner,
your patient, and bystanders.
– If the area is a crime scene, do not disturb
evidence.
– Request law enforcement for scenes involving
violence.
– Use gloves and eye protection.
20. Scene Size-up (2 of 2)
• Mechanism of injury/nature of illness
– Chest injuries are common in motor vehicle
crashes, falls, and assaults.
– Determine the number of patients.
– Consider spinal immobilization.
21. Primary Assessment (1 of 8)
• Form a general impression.
– Note the patient’s level of consciousness.
– Perform a rapid scan.
• Obvious injuries
• Appearance of blood
• Difficulty breathing
• Cyanosis
• Irregular breathing
22. Primary Assessment (2 of 8)
• Form a general impression (cont’d).
– Perform a rapid scan (cont’d).
• Chest rise and fall on only one side
• Accessory muscle use
• Extended or engorged jugular veins
• Assess the ABCs.
• Assess overall appearance.
23. Primary Assessment (3 of 8)
• Airway and breathing
– Ensure that the patient has a clear and patent
airway.
– Consider early cervical spine stabilization.
– Are jugular veins distended?
– Is breathing present and adequate?
– Inspect for DCAP-BTLS.
24. Primary Assessment (4 of 8)
• Airway and breathing (cont’d)
– Look for equal expansion of the chest wall.
– Check for paradoxical motion.
– Apply occlusive dressing to all penetrating
injuries.
– Support ventilations.
25. Primary Assessment (5 of 8)
• Airway and breathing (cont’d)
– Reassess the effectiveness of ventilatory
support.
– Be alert for decreasing oxygen saturation.
– Be alert for impending pneumothorax.
26. Primary Assessment (6 of 8)
• Circulation
– Pulse rate and quality
– Skin color and temperature
– Address life-threatening bleeding immediately,
using direct pressure and a bulky dressing.
27. Primary Assessment (7 of 8)
• Transport decision
– Priority patients are those with a problem with
their ABCs.
– Pay attention to subtle clues, such as:
• The appearance of the skin
• Level of consciousness
• A sense of impending doom in the patient
28. Primary Assessment (8 of 8)
• Transport
decision
(cont’d)
– Table 27-1
lists the
“deadly dozen”
chest injuries.
29. History Taking (1 of 2)
• Investigate the chief complaint.
– Further investigate the MOI.
– Identify signs, symptoms, and pertinent
negatives.
• SAMPLE history
– Focus on the MOI.
30. History Taking (2 of 2)
• SAMPLE history (cont’d)
– A basic evaluation should be completed:
• Signs and symptoms
• Allergies
• Medications
• Pertinent medical problems
• Last oral intake
• Events leading to the emergency
31. Secondary Assessment (1 of 3)
• Physical examinations
– Perform a full-body scan.
– For an isolated injury, focus on:
• Isolated injury
• Patient’s complaint
• Body region affected
• Location and extent of injury
• Anterior and posterior aspects of the chest
wall
• Changes in respirations
32. Secondary Assessment (2 of 3)
• Physical examinations (cont’d)
– For significant trauma, use DCAP-BTLS to
determine the nature and extent of the thoracic
injury.
– Quickly assess the entire patient from head to
toe.
33. Secondary Assessment (3 of 3)
• Vital signs
– Assess pulse, respirations, blood pressure, skin
condition, and pupils.
– Reevaluate every 5 minutes or less.
– Pulse and respiratory rates may decrease in
later stages of the chest injury.
– Use a pulse oximeter to recognize any
downward trends in the patient’s condition.
34. Reassessment (1 of 4)
• Repeat the primary assessment.
• Reassess the chief complaint.
– Airway
– Breathing
– Pulse
– Perfusion
– Bleeding
35. Reassessment (2 of 4)
• Interventions
– Provide complete spinal immobilization for
patients with suspected spinal injuries.
– Maintain an open airway.
– Control significant, visible bleeding.
– Place an occlusive dressing over penetrating
trauma to the chest wall.
36. Reassessment (3 of 4)
• Interventions (cont’d)
– Manually stabilize a flail segment using a bulky
dressing.
– Provide aggressive treatment for shock and
transport patients with signs of hypoperfusion.
– Do not delay transport to complete
nonlifesaving treatments.
37. Reassessment (4 of 4)
• Communication and documentation
– Communicate all relevant information to the
staff at the receiving hospital.
– Describe all injuries and the treatment given.
38. Pneumothorax (1 of 10)
• Commonly called a collapsed lung
• Accumulation of air in the pleural space
– Blood passing through the collapsed portion of
the lung is not oxygenated.
– You may hear diminished, absent, or abnormal
breath sounds.
40. Pneumothorax (3 of 10)
• Open chest wound
– Often called an open pneumothorax or a
sucking chest wound
– Wounds must be rapidly sealed with a sterile
occlusive dressing.
42. Pneumothorax (5 of 10)
• Open chest wound
(cont’d)
– A flutter valve is
taped on only three
sides.
– Carefully monitor
the patients for
tension
pneumothorax.
43. Pneumothorax (6 of 10)
• Spontaneous pneumothorax
– Caused by structural weakness rather than
trauma
– Weak area (“bleb”) can rupture spontaneously,
letting air into the pleural space.
– Suspect it in patients with sudden, unexplained
chest pain and shortness of breath.
44. Pneumothorax (7 of 10)
• Simple pneumothorax
– Does not result in major changes in the patient’s
physiology
– Commonly due to blunt trauma that results in
fractured ribs
– Can often worsen, deteriorate into tension
pneumothorax, or develop complications
45. Pneumothorax (8 of 10)
• Tension pneumothorax
– Results from significant air accumulation in the
pleural space
– Increased pressure in the chest causes:
• Complete collapse of the unaffected lung
• Mediastinum to be pushed into the opposite
pleural cavity
46. Pneumothorax (9 of 10)
• Tension pneumothorax (cont’d)
– Commonly caused by a blunt injury in which a
fractured rib lacerates the lung or bronchus
50. Hemothorax (3 of 3)
• Signs and symptoms
– Shock
– Decreased breath sounds on the affected side
• Prehospital treatment:
– Rapid transport
• The presence of air and blood in the pleural
space is a hemopneumothorax.
51. Cardiac Tamponade (1 of 3)
• Protective membrane (pericardium) around
the heart fills with blood or fluid
• The heart cannot adequately pump the
blood.
53. Cardiac Tamponade (3 of 3)
• Signs and symptoms
– Beck’s triad
– Altered mental status
• Prehospital treatment
– Support ventilations.
– Rapidly transport.
54. Rib Fractures (1 of 2)
• Common, particularly in older people
• A fracture of one of the upper four ribs is a
sign of a very substantial MOI.
• A fractured rib may cause a pneumothorax
or a hemothorax.
55. Rib Fractures (2 of 2)
• Signs and symptoms
– Localized tenderness and pain when breathing
– Rapid, shallow respirations
– Patient holding the affected portion of the rib
cage
• Prehospital treatment includes
supplemental oxygen.
56. Flail Chest (1 of 3)
• Caused by
compound rib
fractures that
detach a
segment of the
chest wall
• Detached portion
moves opposite
of normal
57. Flail Chest (2 of 3)
• Prehospital treatment
– Maintain the airway.
– Provide respiratory support, if needed.
– Give supplemental oxygen.
– Reassess for complications.
58. Flail Chest (3 of 3)
• To immobilize a flail segment:
– Tape a bulky dressing or pad against that
segment of the chest.
– Have the patient hold a pillow against the chest
wall.
• Flail chest may indicate serious internal
damage or spinal injury.
59. Other Chest Injuries (1 of 8)
• Pulmonary contusion
– Should always be suspected in a patient with a
flail chest
– Pulmonary alveoli become filled with blood,
leading to hypoxia
– Prehospital treatment
• Respiratory support and supplemental
oxygen
• Rapid transport
60. Other Chest Injuries (2 of 8)
• Other fractures
– Sternal fractures
• Increased index of suspicion for organ injury
– Clavicle fractures
• Possible damage to neurovascular bundle
• Suspect upper rib fractures in medial clavicle
fractures.
• Be alert to pneumothorax development.
62. Other Chest Injuries (4 of 8)
• Traumatic asphyxia (cont’d)
– Suggests an underlying injury to the heart and
possibly a pulmonary contusion
– Prehospital treatment:
• Ventilatory support and supplemental oxygen
• Monitor vital signs during immediate
transport.
63. Other Chest Injuries (5 of 8)
• Blunt myocardial injury
– Bruising of the heart muscle
– The heart may be unable to maintain adequate
blood pressure.
– Signs and symptoms
• Irregular pulse rate
• Chest pain or discomfort
64. Other Chest Injuries (6 of 8)
• Blunt myocardial injury (cont’d)
– Suspect it in all cases of severe blunt injury to
the chest.
– Prehospital treatment
• Carefully monitor the pulse.
• Note changes in blood pressure.
65. Other Chest Injuries (7 of 8)
• Commotio cordis
– Injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the
chest during a critical portion of the heartbeat
– May result in immediate cardiac arrest
– Ventricular fibrillation responds to defibrillation
within the first 2 minutes of the injury.
66. Other Chest Injuries (8 of 8)
• Laceration of the great vessels
– May result in rapidly fatal hemorrhage
– Prehospital treatment
• Ventilatory support, if needed
• Immediate transport
• Be alert for shock.
• Monitor for changes in baseline vital signs.