Update on Patterns of Study in ANCA Associated Vasculitis presented at regional Northern Ireland Nephrology Meeting with Dr David Jayne as guest speaker..
download link : https://www.dropbox.com/s/5c69pkpkass8sk1/Vasculitides%20AND%20ANTI-GBM.ppt?m
Join us on our facebook group: NephroTube...............Follow our blog: www.nephrotube.blogspot.com
Update on Patterns of Study in ANCA Associated Vasculitis presented at regional Northern Ireland Nephrology Meeting with Dr David Jayne as guest speaker..
download link : https://www.dropbox.com/s/5c69pkpkass8sk1/Vasculitides%20AND%20ANTI-GBM.ppt?m
Join us on our facebook group: NephroTube...............Follow our blog: www.nephrotube.blogspot.com
DEFINICION
La Hemodiálisis es una técnica que sustituye las funciones principales del riñón, haciendo pasar la sangre a través de un filtro (dializador) donde se realiza su depuración, retornando nuevamente al paciente libre de impurezas. La diálisis es un tratamiento para la falla renal.
PRESCRIPCION DE LA HEMODIALISIS
Una prescripción para la diálisis por un nefrólogo (el médico especializado en los riñones) especificará varios parámetros para ajustar la máquina de diálisis, como el tiempo y la duración de las sesiones de diálisis, tamaño del dializador (es decir, el área de superficie), la tasa del flujo de sangre en diálisis, y la tasa de flujo del dializado. En general cuanto más grande es el tamaño de cuerpo de un individuo, más diálisis necesitará. En otras palabras, los individuos grandes típicamente requieren sesiones de diálisis mayores. Son típicas las sesiones de 4 horas, 3 veces por semana, aunque hay pacientes que se dializan 2, 4 ó 5 veces por semana. También hay un número pequeño de pacientes que son sometidos a diálisis nocturna de hasta 8 horas por noche, 6 noches por semana
INDICACIONES
• Insuficiencia renal aguda.
• Sobrecarga hídrica resistente a diuréticos, fundamentalmente en Insuficiencia cardiaco-congestiva.
• Alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas y del estado ácido-base.
• Intoxicaciones por tóxicos de bajo peso molecular no unidos a proteínas y bajo volumen de distribución si no se dispone de hemoperfusión.
FUNCION DE LA HEMODIALISIS.
Es facilitar la depuración o remoción de sustancias toxicas de la sangre y eliminar el exceso de aguo o liquido acumulado en el cuerpo debido a la falla renal. Si los productos de desecho se acumulan en el cuerpo, puede ser peligroso y causar incluso la muerte.
La hemodiálisis cumple la función de los riñones cuando dejan de funcionar bien.
La hemodiálisis puede:
• Eliminar la sal extra, el agua y los productos de desecho para que no se acumulen en su cuerpo.
• Mantener niveles seguros de vitaminas y minerales en su cuerpo.
• Ayudar a controlar la presión arterial.
• Ayudar a producir glóbulos rojos
ACCESOS VASCULARES:
Para permitir que la sangre fluya del cuerpo al dializador y vuelva, se necesita un vaso sanguíneo con un buen flujo de sangre. Para crear este acceso, se realiza una intervención en la que se unen una arteria y una vena, generalmente en un brazo o una pierna. Hay varios tipos de accesos, unos son temporales y otros son permanentes. El médico decide cual es el acceso más adecuado para cada paciente.
El tipo de acceso está influenciado por factores como el curso previsto del tiempo de la falla renal de un paciente y la condición de su vascularidad. Los pacientes pueden tener múltiples accesos en un tiempo determinado, usualmente debido a que debe ser usado temporalmente un catéter para realizar la diálisis mientras se está madurando el acceso permanente, la f
Review of new alerts on PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPI) adverse effects 2016 UPD...PAWAN V. KULKARNI
Last Updated: 15th MAY: ALL NEW STUDIES INCLUDED. After more than 2 decades of USE, ABUSE, OVERUSE.... PPIs are under scanner. Not just Osteoporosis, other complications but Proton pump inhibitors have been confirmed to cause insistent Kidney failure/disease, heart attacks to name a few. This new revelations should open the eyes of so many consumers and several doctors.
A review of literature about Stiripentol and Rufinamide and their role in Dravets and Lennox Gastaut Syndrome respectively. It also looks at off label indications of these two orphan drugs.
How to approach a case of proteinuria and differential diagnosis of proteinuria, how to assess protein loss in the kidney
Dr. Abdel Rahman Mansy, Beni-Suef University, internal medicine department, nephrology unit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. Prognosis of Untreated Patients with Idiopathic
Membranous Nephropathy
Arrigo Schieppati, Lidia Mosconi, Annalisa Perna, Giuliano Mecca, Tullio Bertani, Silvio Garattini, and
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Volume July 8, 1993 Number 2
329:85-89
3. Probability of Adequate Renal Function in Untreated Patients with
Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
4. Changes in the Clinical Status of Patients with Idiopathic Membranous
Nephropathy.
5. Prognosis of Untreated Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Probability of Five-Year Kidney Survival According to the Degree of
Proteinuria at Base Line..
6. Prognosis of Untreated Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Base-Line Clinical and Laboratory Data for 100 Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy.
14. TRATAMIENTO INMUNOSUPRESOR PARA LA NEFROPATÍA MEMBRANOSA
IDIOPÁTICA EN ADULTOS CON SÍNDROME NEFRÓTICO
(REVISIÓN COCHRANE TRADUCIDA)
SCHIEPPATI A, PERNA A, ZAMORA J, GIULIANO GA, BRAUN N, REMUZZI G
La nefropatía membranosa idiopática (NMI) es la forma más
común de síndrome nefrótico en los adultos. La enfermedad
tiene un curso benigno o indolente en la mayoría de los
pacientes, con una alta tasa de remisión espontánea completa
o parcial del síndrome nefrótico, del 30% o superior. A pesar
de esto, del 30% al 40% de los pacientes progresan hacia la
insuficiencia renal terminal (IRT) en el lapso de cinco a 15
años.
15. TRATAMIENTO INMUNOSUPRESOR PARA LA NEFROPATÍA MEMBRANOSA
IDIOPÁTICA EN ADULTOS CON SÍNDROME NEFRÓTICO
(REVISIÓN COCHRANE TRADUCIDA)
Objetivos: Evaluar los beneficios y los daños del tratamiento
inmunosupresor para la NMI en los adultos.
Estrategia de búsqueda: Se realizaron búsquedas en el Registro
Especializado del Grupo Cochrane de Riñón (Cochrane Renal Group)
(diciembre de 2003), el Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados
(CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
(CENTRAL)) (la Cochrane Library Número 4, 2003), MEDLINE y Pre-
MEDLINE (1966 a diciembre de 2003), EMBASE (1980 a diciembre de
2003), las listas de referencias de los libros de texto de nefrología, artículos
de revisión, registros de ensayos prospectivos, ensayos pertinentes y
resúmenes de las reuniones científicas de nefrología y la Internet, sin
restricción de idiomas. Se estableció contacto con los investigadores
principales de los estudios controlados.
16. TRATAMIENTO INMUNOSUPRESOR PARA LA NEFROPATÍA MEMBRANOSA
IDIOPÁTICA EN ADULTOS CON SÍNDROME NEFRÓTICO
(REVISIÓN COCHRANE TRADUCIDA)
Resultados principales: Se incluyó un total de 18 ensayos, con 1025
pacientes. No se encontraron diferencias cuando se combinaron los datos
de todas las categorías de tratamiento como un grupo y se compararon con
placebo o ningún tratamiento. Glucocorticosteroides orales: no se
observaron efectos beneficiosos sobre las variables principales elegidas
para evaluar la eficacia. Los agentes alquilantes mostraron un efecto
beneficioso significativo sobre la remisión completa (RR 2,37; IC del 95%:
1,32 a 4,25; P=0,004) pero no sobre la remisión parcial (RR 1,22; IC del
95%: 0,63 a 2,35; P=0,56) o la remisión completa o parcial (RR 1,55; IC del
95%: 0,72 a 3,34; P=0,27). El tratamiento con ciclofosfamida resultó en una
tasa significativamente inferior de interrupciones debidas a eventos
adversos en comparación con el clorambucil (RR 2,34; IC del 95%: 1,25 a
4,39; P=0,008). No hubo pruebas de diferencias clínicamente pertinentes a
favor de la ciclosporina y no hubo datos suficientes sobre los agentes
antiproliferativos
17. TRATAMIENTO INMUNOSUPRESOR PARA LA NEFROPATÍA MEMBRANOSA
IDIOPÁTICA EN ADULTOS CON SÍNDROME NEFRÓTICO
(REVISIÓN COCHRANE TRADUCIDA)
Conclusiones: Esta revisión no logró mostrar efectos a largo
plazo del tratamiento inmunosupresor sobre la supervivencia
de los pacientes o la supervivencia renal. Hubo un mayor
número de interrupciones debidas a eventos adversos en los
grupos con tratamiento inmunosupresor. Dentro de la clase de
agentes alquilantes no hay pruebas sólidas que apoyen la
eficacia de la ciclofosfamida en comparación con el
clorambucil. Por otro lado, la ciclofosfamida presentó menos
efectos secundarios que resultaban en el retiro del paciente en
comparación con el clorambucil.
18.
19. BAJO RIESGO
RIESGO MODERADO
BAJO RIESGO
PROTEINURIA 4 – 8 g/DIA
PROTEINURIA < 4g/DIA PROTEINURIA > 8g/DIA
FUNCION RENAL NORMAL FUNCION RENAL ALTERADA
FUNCION RENAL NORMAL
RESTRICCION PROTEINAS
RESTRICCION PROTEINAS RESTRICCION PROTEINAS DIETA
DIETA
DIETA IECA O ARA POR HTA O
IECA O ARA POR HTA O
IECA O ARA POR HTA O
PROTEINURIA
PROTEINURIA PROTEINURIA
ESTATINAS SI DISLIPIDEMIA
ESTATINAS SI DISLIPIDEMIA
ESTATINAS SI DISLIPIDEMIA
CONTROL EN 6 MESES
CORTICOIDES +
AGENTES CITOTOXICOS
PROTEINURIA DE RANGO
NEFROTICO PERSISTENTE +
PRESENCIA DE FACTORES DE
POBRE PRONOSTICO
PROTEINURIA DE RANGO
NEFROTICO PERSISTENTE
DETERIORO FUNCION RENAL
ESTEROIDES ALTERNANDO CON
DROGAS CITOTOXICAS
CsA MMF FK506
FUNCION RENAL DETERIORADA
21. Creatinina >=1.2 en mujeres y >= 1.4 en
hombres con proteinuria rango nefrótico.
Proteinuria >8 g/24 h por mas 6 meses.
Biopsia renal con 10% fibrosis
intersticial y proteinuria rango nefrótico.
Otros: masculino, hipertensión, edad >
50 años.
22. PRESENCIA FACTORES
PROGRESION
SI
NO
TERAPIA
TERAPIA CONSERVADORA
CONSERVADORA
INMUNOSUPRESION
23. CONTROL DE PRESION ARTERIAL: pas 120 O
MENOS.
IECA AUN SI HAY NORMOTENSION, ARA O
BLOQUEADORES CALCIO NO
DIHIDROPIRIDINICOS.
RESTRICCION EN DIETA:
› PROTEINAS 0,7 – 0,8 g/K/dia.
› ADICIONAR: 1 g PROTEINAS POR CADA g/PROTEINURIA > 3g/DIA.
› SAL : 100 – 120 mEq /DIA.
24. CONTROL LIPIDOS: EVITAR
ESTROGENOS.
DEJAR DE FUMAR.
NO AINES.
AAS.
ACIDO FOLICO.
ANTIOXIDANTES : VIT C 200 mg/DIA.
EVITAR SOBREINGESTA HIDRICA.
28. Prognosis of Untreated Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Results
Twenty-four (65 percent) of the 37 patients followed for at least five years
had complete or partial remission of proteinuria; in 6 others (16 percent),
end-stage renal disease developed, and they required dialysis. As calculated
by the Kaplan-Meier method, the estimated probability (±the standard error
of the estimate) of retaining adequate kidney function was 88 ±5 percent
after five years and 73 ±7 percent after eight years. The prognosis was
poorer in men and in patients over 50 years of age, but not in patients with
the nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia.
Conclusions
Most untreated patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy maintain
renal function for prolonged periods and are likely to have spontaneous
remission. These results do not support the use of glucocorticoids and
immunosuppressive drugs in patients with idiopathic membranous
nephropathy.
29. METHYLPREDNISOLONE PLUS CHLORAMBUCIL AS COMPARED WITH
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ALONE FOR THE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC
MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY
Author(s): PONTICELLI C, ZUCCHELLI P, PASSERINI P, CESANA B
Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Volume: 327 Issue:
9 Pages: 599-603 Published: AUG 27 1992
Background and Methods. Treatment with methylprednisolone and
chlorambucil may protect renal function and increase the chance
of remission of the nephrotic syndrome in patients with idiopathic
membranous nephropathy. To determine whether similar results
might be obtained with methylprednisolone alone, we compared
the effects of methylprednisolone and chlorambucil with those of
methylprednisolone alone in 92 patients with the nephrotic
syndrome caused by idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The
patients were randomly assigned to receive either alternating one-
month courses of methylprednisolone and then chlorambucil for a
total of six months (group 1) or methylprednisolone alone for six
months at the same cumulative dosage (group 2).
30. METHYLPREDNISOLONE PLUS CHLORAMBUCIL AS COMPARED WITH
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ALONE FOR THE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC
MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY
Author(s): PONTICELLI C, ZUCCHELLI P, PASSERINI P, CESANA B
Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Volume: 327 Issue:
9 Pages: 599-603 Published: AUG 27 1992
Results. Four of the 45 patients in group 1 (9 percent) and 1 of the 47 in group
2 (2 percent) stopped treatment because of side effects. At one, two, and three
years, the percentage of patients who did not have the nephrotic syndrome was
significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. It was 58, 54, and 66 percent,
respectively, in group 1, as compared with 26, 32, and 40 percent in group 2 (P
= 0.002, 0.029, and 0.011). By year 4, the difference was no longer statistically
significant: 62 percent of the patients in group 1 and 42 percent of those in
group 2 did not have the nephrotic syndrome (P = 0.102). The patients in group
1 were in remission longer than those in group 2 (P = 0.008).
Conclusions. In patients with the nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic
membranous nephropathy, treatment with methylprednisolone and
chlorambucil for six months induces an earlier remission of the nephrotic
syndrome than methylprednisolone alone, but the difference may diminish with
time.
31.
32. CHARACTERISTIC GROUP 1 GROUP 2 P
No. of cases 46 47
Age (yr) 37.2 ± 12.4 38.0 ± 13.6 0.77
range 16 to 66 18 to 64
Gender ratio 27:19 30:17 0.67
Disease duration (mo) 11.7 ± 6.2 10.8 ± 7.9 0.48
Serum creatinine 1.17 ± 0.22 1.21 ± 0.31 0.48
(mg/dl)
MDRD GFR (ml/min) 84 ± 22 89 ± 26 0.32
Serum albumin (g/dl) 2.42 ± 0.81 2.34 ± 0.58 0.58
Serum cholesterol 306.4 ± 88.2 336.7 ± 99.6 0.12
(mg/dl)
Proteinuria (g/d) 5.91 ± 2.2 6.11 ± 2.5 0.68
33. Kaplan-Meier plots showing probabilities of dialysis-free survival (A), survival without reaching either end point (B),
complete remission (C), and complete or partial remission (D). Solid line, group 1; dashed line, group 2.
34. The course of proteinuria (A) and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) estimated GFR (eGFR; B)
during the follow up-period. group 1, group 2. *P < 0.05; #P < 0.01; **P < 0.0001.
, ,
35. In conclusion:
Untreated IMN with nephrotic syndrome is
associated with a high risk for
deterioration of
renal function. A 6-mo regimen of
cyclophosphamide and steroids induces
remissions in a high proportion, arrests
progression
of renal insufficiency, and improves quality
of life.